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1417 |
1 August |
Henry V lands at Touques to begin conquest of Normandy |
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9–20 September |
Siege and formal surrender of Caen |
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1418 |
29 May |
Paris seized by Burgundians in a successful coup |
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29 July |
Henry V lays siege to Rouen |
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1419 |
19 January |
Surrender of Rouen and Henry V’s formal entry into the city |
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11 June |
Treaty of Pouilly: John the Fearless, duke of Burgundy, and the dauphin reconciled and agree to cooperate against the English |
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10 September |
Meeting of duke of Burgundy and the dauphin on the bridge at Montereau-sur-Yonne Burgundy is assassinated by the dauphin’s men |
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1420 |
21 May |
Treaty of Troyes: Henry V recognised as heir and regent of France by Charles VI and the Burgundians |
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2 June |
Henry V marries Katherine of France at Troyes |
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1421 |
February |
Henry V and Katherine sail for England; coronation of Katherine at Westminster Abbey |
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22 March |
Battle of Baugé: English defeated by combined French and Scottish forces; duke of Clarence killed; John, earl of Huntingdon, and John Beaufort, earl of Somerset, captured |
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June |
Henry V returns to France |
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1422 |
31 August |
Death of Henry V at Bois-de-Vincennes; accession of Henry VI as king of England; duke of Bedford becomes regent of France, duke of Gloucester protector of England |
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21 October |
Death of Charles VI; Henry VI becomes king of France |
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1423 |
17 April |
Treaty of Amiens: triple alliance between England, Burgundy and Brittany; duke of Bedford and Arthur de Richemont to marry duke of Burgundy’s sisters |
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14 June |
Bedford marries Anne of Burgundy at Troyes |
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31 July |
Battle of Cravant: Anglo-Burgundian forces defeat Scottish-Armagnac army |
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26 September |
Earl of Suffolk defeated at La Brossinière; his brothers William and John taken prisoner |
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1424 |
17 August |
Battle of Verneuil: duke of Bedford leads English to crushing defeat of Scottish-Armagnac forces; count of Aumâle and earl of Buchan killed; duke of Alençon captured |
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16 October |
Duke of Gloucester begins military campaign to claim and occupy Hainault in the name of his wife, Jacqueline of Hainault; abandons campaign and returns to England in April 1425 |
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1425 |
8 March |
Arthur de Richemont abandons the English alliance and becomes constable of France for the dauphin |
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7 October |
Treaty of Saumur: alliance between Brittany and the dauphin |
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December |
Duke of Bedford goes to England to broker peace between duke of Gloucester and Cardinal Beaufort |
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1426 |
15 January |
English declare war on Brittany |
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1427 |
19 March |
Duke of Bedford returns to France with major reinforcements |
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5 September |
Lord Fastolf’s forces surprised and defeated at Ambrières |
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8 September |
Duke of Brittany makes new English alliance, accepting the Treaty of Troyes |
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1428 |
12 October |
Earl of Salisbury lays siege to Orléans |
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3 November |
Salisbury dies of injuries sustained at siege of Orléans |
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1429 |
c.28 February |
Jehanne d’Arc arrives at Chinon to see the dauphin |
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29 April |
Jehanne enters Orléans with relief forces |
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8 May |
English abandon siege of Orléans |
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12 June |
Jehanne takes Jargeau by assault; earl of Suffolk captured |
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18 June |
Battle of Patay: Armagnac forces defeat Talbot and Fastolf; Talbot, Scales and Rempston captured |
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17 July |
Coronation of the dauphin as Charles VII at Reims |
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26 August |
Jehanne and duke of Alençon take Saint-Denis |
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8 September |
Jehanne and Alençon fail in assault on Paris; Jehanne wounded |
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6 November |
Coronation of Henry VI as king of England at Westminster Abbey |
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c.24 November |
Jehanne lays siege to La-Charité-sur-Loire but is forced to withdraw a month later |
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8 December |
La Hire captures Louviers for Charles VII |
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1430 |
7 January |
Duke of Burgundy marries Isabella of Portugal, half-cousin of Henry VI |
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23 April |
Henry VI and the ‘coronation expedition’ land at Calais |
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23 May |
Jehanne d’Arc captured by Burgundians in sortie from Compiègne |
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1431 |
9 January |
Jehanne d’Arc’s trial begins at Rouen |
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30 May |
Jehanne condemned to death and burned at the stake in Rouen |
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25 October |
Louviers recaptured by English after five-month siege |
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2 December |
Henry VI makes formal entry into Paris |
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13 December |
Treaty of Lille: establishes six-year general truce between Burgundy and Charles VII |
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16 December |
Henry VI crowned king of France in Notre Dame, Paris |
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1432 |
29 January |
Henry VI sails from Calais; he never returns to France |
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13 November |
Death of Anne of Burgundy, the duchess of Bedford |
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27 November |
English, Burgundian and French envoys meet at Auxerre for peace talks mediated by Cardinal Albergati |
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1433 |
February |
Mutiny of the Calais garrison |
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20 April |
Marriage of the duke of Bedford and Jacquetta of Luxembourg |
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24 June |
Bedford and Jacquetta sail to England |
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1434 |
July |
Duke of Bedford returns to France with an army of 1400 |
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1435 |
January |
Popular revolt in lower Normandy; Caen besieged by rebels but they are repelled |
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6 February |
Dukes of Burgundy and Bourbon sign preliminaries of peace and agree to meet again at Arras |
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7 May |
Earl of Arundel mortally wounded and captured by La Hire at Gerberoy |
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12 June |
Death of Arundel |
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12 August |
English, Burgundian and French envoys attend peace conference at Arras |
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6 September |
English envoys break off negotiations and leave Arras |
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14 September |
Death of duke of Bedford at Rouen |
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21 September |
Treaty of Arras: duke of Burgundy and Charles VII reconciled |
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28 October |
French seize Dieppe; popular uprising in upper Normandy |
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25 November |
French seize Harfleur, followed by much of the surrounding area |
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1436 |
January – March |
Popular uprising (Boschier revolt) in lower Normandy |
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13 April |
French seize Paris |
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May |
Richard, duke of York, appointed lieutenant-general of Normandy and leads expeditionary army there; the subsequent campaign, led by Talbot, safeguards Rouen and recovers Caux region |
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|
9–28 July |
Unsuccessful Burgundian siege of Calais |
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August |
Duke of Gloucester’s expedition for relief of Calais diverted into raid through Flanders |
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1437 |
12–13 February |
Talbot recovers Pontoise by surprise, launching year-long campaign that recovers most of Normandy – except Harfleur and Dieppe – and reopens the Normandy – Paris corridor |
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16 July |
Richard, earl of Warwick, appointed lieutenant-general of Normandy but storms at sea delay his arrival until November |
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6 December |
Minority government ends with Henry VI’s sixteenth birthday; beginning of his personal rule |
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1438 |
March |
Henry VI empowers ambassadors to treat for peace with France |
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May |
John Beaufort, earl of Somerset, released in exchange for count of Eu |
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|
May – June |
Peace conference at Vannes under presidency of duke of Brittany |
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1439 |
14 January |
Talbot recaptures Saint-Germain-en-Laye |
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30 April |
Death of earl of Warwick at Rouen |
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|
July – September |
Peace talks at Calais; no agreement is reached except Anglo-Burgundian commercial treaty |
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12 September |
Meaux – last remaining English stronghold east of Paris – falls to French |
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1440 |
February |
John Beaufort, earl of Somerset, acting lieutenant-general, leads expeditionary army to France |
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April – September |
Praguerie revolt against Charles VII |
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2 July |
Duke of York appointed lieutenant-general of Normandy |
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October |
Harfleur recovered by English after three-month siege |
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November |
Release of Charles, duke of Orléans, prisoner since Agincourt, with objective of mediating peace between England and France |
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1441 |
June |
Duke of York arrives in Rouen at head of expeditionary army; relieves Pontoise |
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15 September |
Évreux captured by French and never recovered by English |
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19 September |
Pontoise taken by assault and never recovered by English |
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6 November |
Duke of Gloucester divorced from Eleanor Cobham, who is convicted of sorcery |
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1442 |
June |
Talbot leads expedition recruited from England to recover Évreux, Conches, Louviers and Dieppe; unable to recruit sufficient men-at-arms so only recovers Conches (September) |
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1 November |
Talbot builds bastille and lays siege to Dieppe |
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1443 |
July |
Earl of Somerset leads major expedition to wage ‘mortal war’ against French beyond the Loire; has extraordinarily independent powers and makes no contact with Norman government throughout |
|
14 August |
English bastille at Dieppe taken in assault by French; Somerset subsequently seizes Breton town of La Guerche |
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|
December |
Somerset’s expedition abandoned, never having crossed the Loire |
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1444 |
11 February |
Earl of Suffolk authorised to conclude peace with Charles VII and leads embassy to Tours |
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24 May |
Henry VI formally betrothed to Margaret of Anjou at Tours |
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|
1 June |
Truce of Tours – a general two-year truce between England and France – begins, and will be prolonged as further concessions are made |
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1445 |
22 April |
Henry VI marries Margaret of Anjou at Titchfield Abbey |
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July |
French embassy arrives in London to negotiate a final peace |
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22 December |
Henry VI secretly undertakes to surrender Maine to René and Charles d’Anjou ‘on behalf of’ Charles VII |
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1446 |
26 June |
Arrest of Gilles of Brittany by his brother, the duke of Brittany, for conspiring with the English |
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24 December |
Edmund Beaufort appointed lieutenant-general of Normandy to secure his assistance with surrender of Maine |
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|
1447 |
23 February |
Death of duke of Gloucester, five days after his arrest for alleged treason |
|
11 April |
Death of Cardinal Beaufort |
|
|
27 July |
Henry VI formally seals public agreement to surrender Maine |
|
|
31 October |
Conference at Le Mans: English captains and residents refuse to surrender Maine to French commissioners without compensation |
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1448 |
16 March |
English captains surrender Maine under protest, after Charles VII lays siege to Le Mans |
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May |
Edmund Beaufort arrives in Rouen as lieutenant-general |
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1449 |
24 March |
François de Surienne captures Fougères in marches of Brittany on behalf of the English |
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13 May |
Pont-de l’Arche seized in retaliation by French |
|
|
23 May |
Breton salt fleet, sailing under friendly flags, captured by English privateer |
|
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20 July |
Verneuil betrayed to French |
|
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31 July |
Charles VII formally declares war on the English and launches campaign for the conquest of Normandy |
|
|
29 October |
Edmund Beaufort surrenders Rouen after brief siege and takes refuge at Caen; most of Normandy now in French hands |
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|
1450 |
1 January |
English surrender Harfleur |
|
February |
Earl of Suffolk impeached for treason; banished for five years from 1 May |
|
|
March |
Sir Thomas Kyriell leads expeditionary army to recover Normandy; lands at Cherbourg and captures Valognes |
|
|
15 April |
Battle of Formigny: French inflict heavy defeat on English |
|
|
2 May |
Suffolk assassinated as sails into banishment |
|
|
June – July |
Jack Cade’s rebellion in England |
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|
1 July |
Edmund Beaufort surrenders Caen to the French |
|
|
12 August |
Cherbourg, the last English stronghold in Normandy, surrenders to the French |
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|
1451 |
April |
French invasion of English Gascony |
|
24 June |
Surrender of Bordeaux |
|
|
20 August |
Surrender of Bayonne |
|
|
1452 |
17 October |
Talbot launches campaign for recovery of Gascony and retakes Bordeaux |
|
1453 |
17 July |
Battle of Castillon: French inflict heavy defeat on English and Talbot is killed. The only English possession now left in France is Calais |