100
c. 493 to the tenth century/c. 1100 to the sixteenth century
The Caspian coastland districts of Rūyān and Rustamdār
1. The rulers of the united principality
|
⊘ ? |
Naṣr b. Sharīwash (? Shahrnūsh), Sharaf al-Dīn, Nāṣir al-Dawla, ruling in 502/1109 |
|
? |
Shahrīwash b. Hazārasp, ruling c. 553/1168 |
|
? |
Kay Kāwūs b. Hazārasp, d. c. 580/c. 1184 |
|
c. 580–1 /c. 1184–5 |
Hazārasp b. Shahrīwash |
|
? |
Zarrīn Kamar b. Justān b. Kay Kāwūs, d. 610/1213 |
|
610–20/1213–23 |
Bīsutūn b. Zarrīn Kamar, d. 620/1223 |
|
later 620s/early 1230s |
Nāmāwar b. Bīsutūn, Fakhr al-Dawla, d. 640/1242 |
|
640/1242 |
Ardashīr b. Nāmāwar, Ḥusām al-Dawla, in Daylam, d. 640/1242 |
|
640/1242 |
Iskandar b. Nāmāwar, in Rūyān |
|
640/1242 |
Shahrāgīm b. Nāmāwar, in Daylam and Rūyān, d. 671/1273 |
|
671/1273 |
Nāmāwar Shāh Ghāzī b. Shahrāgīm, Fakhr al-Dawla |
|
701/1302 |
Kay Khusraw b. Shahrāgīm |
|
712/1312 |
Muḥammad b. Kay Khusraw, Shams al-Mulūk |
|
717/1317 |
Shahriyār b. Kay Khusraw, Nāṣir al-Dīn |
|
725/1325 |
Ziyār b. Kay Khusraw, Tāj al-Dawla |
|
734/1334 |
Iskandar b. Ziyār, Jalāl al-Dawla |
|
761/1360 |
Shāh Ghāzī b. Ziyār, Fakhr al-Dawla |
|
781/1379 |
Qubād b. Shāh Ghāzī, ‘Aḍud al-Dawla, d. 783/1381 |
|
783–92/1381–90 |
Rule in Rūyān by the Mar‘ashī Sayyids |
|
792/1390 |
Ṯūs b. Ziyār, Sa‘d al-Dawla, d. 796/1394 |
|
Tīmūrid occupation of the Caspian coastlands |
|
|
c. 802/c. 1400 |
Kayūmarth b. Bīsutūn b. Gustahm b. Ziyār |
|
857/1453 |
Division of the kingdom into two branches |
2. The rulers in Kujūr (with the title of Malik)
|
c. 858/c. 1454 |
Iskandar b. Kayūmarth |
|
881/1476 |
Tāj al-Dawla b. Iskandar |
|
897/1492 |
Ashraf b. Tāj al-Dawla |
|
915/1509 |
Kāwūs b. Ashraf |
|
950/1543 |
Kayūmarth b. Kāwūs |
|
963/1556 |
Jahāngīr b. Kāwūs |
|
975/1568 |
Sulṭān Muḥammad b. Jahāngīr |
|
998-1004 or 1006/ |
Jahāngīr b. Muḥammad |
|
1590-1596 or 1598 |
Direct rule by the Ṣafawids |
3. The rulers in Nūr (with the title of Malik)
|
c. 858/c. 1454 |
Kāwūs b. Kayūmarth |
|
871/1467 |
Jahāngīr b. Kāwūs |
|
904/1499 |
Bīsutūn b. Jahāngīr |
|
913/1507 |
Bahman b. Bīsutūn |
|
957/1550 |
Kayūmarth b. Bahman, d. after 984/1576 |
|
? |
Sulṭān ‘Azīz b. Kayūmarth |
|
?–1002/?–1594 |
Jahāngīr b. ‘Azīz |
|
1002/1594 |
Power assumed by the Ṣafawids |
The line of the Bādūspānids in the Caspian region claimed a connection, which cannot however be demonstrated with any certainty, with earlier rulers of Rūyān; these last had asserted their descent from the semi-legendary Bādūspān, a contemporary of the Dābūyids of Gīlān (see above, no. 79), hence going back to late Sāsānid times. The Bādūspānids, who are known from the late eleventh century onwards, bore the historic, local title of Ustāndār, and later that of Malik or king, but they seem to have been unconnected with the immediately preceding line of Ustāndārs. They first appear as vassals of the Seljuqs, and within the Caspian region they were neighbours and kinsmen by marriage of the Bāwandids (see above, no. 80) and other petty rulers there, including, latterly, the Mar‘ashī Sayyids of Māzandarān. They survived the Mongols and Tīmūrids, but after the mid-fifteenth century they split into two parallel branches, ruling in Kujūr and Nūr respectively, until their lands were incorporated by Shāh ‘Abbās I into the Ṣafawid empire.
Justi, 433–5; Sachau, 8–9 nos 8–10; Zambaur, 190–1, both these latter being unreliable.
EI2 ‘Bādūsbānids’ (B. Nikitine); EIr ‘Bādūspānids’ (W. Madelung), the most reliable account, on which the above is based.
H. M. Rabino, ‘Les dynasties du Māzandarān de l’an 50 avant l’Hégire à l’an 1006 de l’Hégire (572 à 1597–1598) d’après les chroniques locales’, JA, 228 (1936), 443–74.