103
543–681/1148–1282
Fars
|
⊘ 543/1148 |
Sunqur b. Mawdūd, Muẓaffar al-Dīn |
|
⊘ 556/1161 |
Zangī b. Mawdūd, Muẓaffar al-Dīn |
|
⊘ 570/1175 or 574/1178 Tekele or Degele b. Zangī |
|
|
⊘ 594/1198 |
Sa‘d I b. Zangī, Abū Shujā‘ Muẓaffar al-Dīn |
|
⊘ 623/1126 |
Qutlugh Khān b. Sa‘d I, Abū Bakr Muẓaffar al-Dīn |
|
⊘ 658/1260 |
Sa‘d II b. Qutlugh Khān, Muẓaffar al-Dīn |
|
658/1260 |
Muḥammad b. Sa‘d II, ‘Aḍud al-Dīn |
|
661/1262 |
Muḥammad Shāh b. Salghur Shāh b. Sa‘d I, Muẓaffar al-Dīn |
|
661/1263 |
Seljuq Shāh b. Salghur Shāh, Muẓaffar al-Dīn |
|
⊘ 662/1263 |
Ābish Khātūn b. Sa‘d II, Muẓaffar al-Dīn |
|
⊘ 663–81/1264–82 |
Ābish Khātūn and her husband Mengü Temür b. Hülegü, jointly |
|
681/1282 |
Direct Il Khānid rule |
The Atabeg dynasty of the Salghurids ruled in Fars for over a century as vassals first of the Seljuqs and then, in the thirteenth century, of the Khwārazm Shāhs and Mongols. They were of Türkmen origin, possibly from the Salur or Salghur tribe which had formed part of the Oghuz and which had come westwards at the time of the Seljuq invasions, playing a significant part in the establishment of the Sultanate of Rūm (see below, no. 107). The founder of the Fars line, Sunqur, took advantage of the warfare and disputes which disturbed the reign of the Great Seljuq sultan Mas‘ūd b. Muḥammad in order to consolidate his position in southern Persia, after Fars had already been under the control of another Turkish Atabeg, Boz Aba. With the decline of the Great Seljuqs, the Salghurids could then enjoy uninterrupted possession of Fars, campaigning against the local Shabānkāra’ī Kurds and intervening in succession disputes among the neighbouring, last Kirman Seljuqs (see above, no. 91, 3).
Fars enjoyed considerable prosperity under Sa‘d I b. Zangī, although he had latterly to acknowledge the suzerainty of the Khwārazm Shāhs and to link his family with them by means of marriage alliances. The Persian writer Sa‘dī dedicated his Bustān and Gulistān to Sa‘d I and his short-reigning son Sa‘d II respectively, and it was from the latter that he derived his pen-name. In the reign of Sa‘d I’s son and successor Abū Bakr, Fars came under the suzerainty of the Mongol Great Khān Ögedey and then under that of the I1 Khānid Hülegü (see below, no. 133), and it was from the Mongols that Abū Bakr acquired his title of Qutlugh Khān. After a series of ephemeral Salghurids, Sa‘d II’s daughter Ābish Khātūn was made Atabeg of Fars by Hülegü, with her husband, the II Khān’s son Mengü Temür, taking over de facto power shortly afterwards, until Salghurid power was ended completely at Mengü Temür’s death and Fars was incorporated directly into the I1 Khānid realm.
Justi, 460; Lane-Poole, 172–3; Zambaur, 232; Album, 42.
EI2 ‘Salghurids’ (C. E. Bosworth); EIr ‘Atābakān-e Fārs’ (B. Spuler).
B. Spuler, Die Mongolen in Iran, 4th edn, 117–21.
Bosworth, in The Cambridge History of Iran, V, 172–3.
Erdoğan Merçil, Fars Atabegleri Salgurlular, Ankara 1975, with a genealogical table at p. 146.