105

The Qutlughkhānids

619–706/1222–1307

Kirman

619/1222

Baraq Ḥājib b. K.l.d.z, Abu ’1-Fawāris Qutlugh Sulṭān, Nāṣir al-Dunya wa ’1-Dīn

632/1235

Muḥammad b. ? Khamītūn, Abu ’1-Fatḥ Quṭb al-Dīn, first reign

633/1236

Mubārak b. Baraq, Rukn al-Dīn

650/1252

Muḥammad b. ? Khamītūn, second reign

655/1257

Qutlugh Terken, Quṭb al-Dīn II ‘Iṣmat al-Dunyā wa ’1-Dīn, regent for Muḥammad b. ? Khamītūn’s son Ḥajjāj Sulṭān

681/1282

Soyurghatmïsh b. Muḥammad, Abu ’l-Muẓaffar Jalāl al-Dīn, killed 693/1294

691/1292

Pādishāh Khātūn bt. Muḥammad, Safwat al-Dīn, killed 694/1295

⊘ 695/1296

Muḥammad Shāh Sulṭān b. Ḥajjāj Sulṭān, Abu ’1-Ḥārith Muẓaffar al-Dīn

703/1304

Shāh Jahān b. Soyurghatmïsh, Quṭb al-Dīn, deposed 704/1305

706/1306

Mongol governor appointed

These local rulers in Kirman sprang from a commander in the service of the Buddhist Qara Khitay, who had migrated from the northern fringes of the Chinese empire and had overrun Transoxania in the mid-twelfth century (see above, no. 90). This founder of the Qutlughkhānid line, Baraq, whose title of Qutlugh Sulṭān was bestowed on him by the ‘Abbāsid caliph, had in fact only recently been converted to Islam. He was awarded Kirman, and this became the centre of the line’s power for nearly a century. His kinsmen and successors were closely connected with the Mongols, serving them in their far-flung empire and latterly governing Kirman as vassals of the Il Khānids. Notable is the role among them of two forceful women, the regent Qutlugh Terken and Pādishāh Khātūn. The last Qutlughkhānid, Shāh Jahān b. Soyurghatmïsh, fell into arrears with the tribute due to the Il Khānids, and was deposed by Öljeytü. His daughter later married Mubāriz al-Dīn Muḥammad, the real founder of Muẓaffarid power in Fars (see below, no. 140), who subsequently took possession of Kirman.

Lane-Poole, 179–80; Zambaur, 237.

EI2 ‘Kirmān. History’ (A. K. S. Lambton); ‘Kutlugh-Khānids’ (V. Minorsky).

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