128
c. 780–1017/c. 1378–1608
Cilicia and Little Armenia
|
Ramaḍān Beg, mentioned in 754/1353 |
|
|
by 780/by 1378 |
Ibrāhīm I b. Ramaḍān Beg, Ṣārim al-Dīn |
|
785/1383 |
Aḥmad b. Ramaḍān Beg, Shihāb al-Dīn |
|
819/1416 |
Ibrāhīm II b. Aḥmad, Ṣārim al-Dīn |
|
821/1418 |
Ḥamza b. Aḥmad, ‘Izz al-Dīn |
|
832/1429 |
Muḥammad I b. Aḥmad |
|
? |
Eylük, d. 843/1439 |
|
in 861/1457 |
Dündār |
|
? |
‘Umar |
|
885/1480 |
Khalīl b. Dāwūd b. Ibrāhīm II, Ghars al-Dīn |
|
916/1510 |
Maḥmūd b. Dāwūd |
|
922/1516 |
Ottoman suzerainty imposed |
|
922/1516 |
Selīm b. ‘Umar |
|
922/1516 |
Qubādh b. Khalīl |
|
c. 923/c. 1517 |
Pīrī Muḥammad b. Khalīl |
|
976/1568 |
Darwīsh b. Pīrī Muḥammad |
|
977/1569 |
Ibrāhīm III b. Pīrī Muḥammad |
|
994/1586 |
Muḥammad II b. Ibrāhīm III |
|
1014–17/1605–8 |
Pīrī Manṣūr b. Muḥammad II |
|
1017/1608 |
Ottoman annexation |
The eponym Ramaḍān Beg is said to have been from the Oghuz, but this line of rulers in Cilicia, with its capital at Adana, only comes into historical focus with Ramaḍān Beg’s son Ṣārim al-Dīn Ibrāhīm I, who helped the Dulghadïr Oghullarï and Qaramānids (see below, no. 129, and above, 124) against the Mamlūks. Subsequently, the Ramaḍān Oghullarï oscillated between support for the Mamlūks and the Qaramānids but with generally a pro-Mamlūk policy, and they formed a buffer-state between the Mamlūks and the Ottomans. But the Ottoman sultan Selīm I, en route for his campaign against Mamlūk Syria in 922/1516, brought the Ramaḍān Oghullarï into submission, and the later rulers of the family functioned as governors for the Ottomans in Adana, until at the opening of the seventeenth century Adana was fully incorporated into the Ottoman empire as an eyālet or province, with a governor appointed from Istanbul.
Sachau, 16 no. 29; Khalīl Ed’hem, 313–17; Zambaur, 157; Bosworth–Merçil–İpşirli, 318– 20.
EI2 Adana’ (F. Taeschner), ‘Ramaḍān Oghullari’ (F. Babinger*); İA ‘Ramazan-Oğullari’ (F. Sümer).
İ. H. Uzunçarşih, Anadolu beylikleri, 176–9.