Places

Armagh Spiritual center of Ireland; burial place of St. Patrick 

Brattahlíð Erik the Red’s farm in Greenland

Constantinople Capital of the Byzantine Empire

Denmark Southernmost Viking kingdom

Dneiper River Major Rus water route to Constantinople

Dorestad Important trading center of Charlemagne’s empire; present day Wijk bij Duurstede in the Netherlands

Dublin Most important city settled by the Vikings in Ireland. 

Essex One of the minor kingdoms of early Anglo-Saxon England. Controlled the land around London

East Anglia One of the major kingdoms of early Anglo-Saxon England. Located in the southeast of the island

Eastern Settlement First and largest colony started by Erik the Red in Greenland

Frisia Coastal region along the southeastern shores of the North Sea; present day Netherlands and Germany.

Greenland Largest island on earth, settled by the Vikings in the 10th century

Hebrides Archipelago off the northwest coast of Scotland

Hedeby Most important trading center in the Danish peninsula; near present day Schleswig

Iceland Volcanic island in the North Atlantic just below the Arctic Circle; settled by the Vikings in the 9th century

Iona Monastery on an island off the west coast of Scotland, founded by St. Columba

Kent One of the minor kingdoms of early Anglo-Saxon England. Controlled the land around Canterbury

Kiev Most important Rus city in the east; capital of first centralized state in Russia

Landnámabók Medieval Icelandic book detailing the settlement of Iceland. 

Lindisfarne Burial place of Cuthbert, patron saint of northern England; site of the first major Viking raid in 793

Mercia One of the major kingdoms of early Anglo-Saxon England. Located in the center of the island

Miklagård Viking name for Constantinople

Northumbria Northernmost of the seven kingdoms of early Anglo-Saxon England

Norway Westernmost Viking kingdom of the Scandinavian peninsula

Novgorod First major city of the medieval Rus state. 

Orkney Islands Archipelago in northern Scotland southwest of the Shetlands

Reykjavik Capital of Iceland

Shetlands Archipelago located roughly sixty miles north of the Scotland

Staraya Ladoga First outpost settled by the Rus 

Sussex One of the minor kingdoms of early Anglo-Saxon England. Located on the Channel coast 

Sweden Easternmost Viking kingdom of the Scandinavian peninsula

Vinland Viking name for the North American continent; most likely Newfoundland

Wessex One of the major kingdoms of early Anglo-Saxon England. Located in the southwest of the island 

Western Settlement Second Viking colony in Greenland; located northwest of the Eastern Settlement

York Major city of Northumbria, center of Viking power in England

Volga River Major Rus water route to the Caspian Sea and Islamic markets

Other 

Althing Assembly of all free Viking men, usually summoned to vote on important decisions

Battle of Clontarf Most famous battle in Irish history, fought between the Irish High King Brian Bóruma and an alliance of Irish and Viking rebels

Battle of Stiklestad Fought between the exiled king Olaf Haraldsson and his former subjects

Danegeld Literally ‘Danish-money”; bribes paid by English and Frankish kings to convince Vikings to leave their lands

Danelaw Area of northern England originally held by Guthrum and settled by the Vikings

Danevirke Massive earthen wall extending along the neck of the Jutland peninsula to protect Denmark from Charlemagne’s empire

Dubgaill ‘Black Foreigners’; Irish name for Danish Vikings

Findgaill ‘White Foreigners’; Irish name for Norwegian Vikings

Gallgoidel ‘Foreign Irish’; Irish name for those with mixed Viking-Irish blood

Gothi Icelandic elder respected for his reputation, knowledge of the law, and generosity

Greek Fire Byzantine secret incendiary weapon

Hagia Sophia Main cathedral of Byzantium and the Orthodox world

Heimskringla History of the Norse Kings written by the Icelandic poet Snorri Sturluson

Jarl Viking noble

Khazars Powerful barbarian tribe controlling the Volga River access to the Caspian Sea

Land-Waster Harald Hardråda’s battle flag

Longphort Viking shore fortress which allowed them to winter in enemy territory

Ragnarok Mythical Last Battle where the gods would be overwhelmed by the ice giants

Raven Banner Woven in a single day by the daughters of Ragnar Lothbrok, it carried the favor of Odin

Skræling Viking name for the Natives populations of the North American continent

Treaty of St. Clair-sur-Epte Agreement between king Charles the Simple and Rollo which created Normandy

Varangian Guard Viking bodyguard of the emperors of Constantinople