|
1333 |
Petrarch discovers Cicero’s Pro Archia |
|
1348 |
Plague throughout Europe |
|
1378 |
Beginning of Papal Schism |
|
1397 |
Medici Bank established in Florence |
|
1400 |
Bruni, Panegyric to the City of Florence |
|
1414 |
Council of Constance |
|
1417 |
End of Papal Schism; Martin V elected pope |
|
1420 |
Portuguese colonize Madeira; Martin V returns to Rome |
|
1438 |
Council of Ferrara-Florence |
|
1440 |
Frederick II elected Holy Roman Emperor; Valla exposes Donation of Constantine as a forgery |
|
1444 |
Alberti, On the Family |
|
c.1450 |
Gutenberg invents movable type |
|
1453 |
Fall of Constantinople; end of the Hundred Years War |
|
1459 |
Gozzoli, Adoration of the Magi; building begins on Topkapi Saray Palace |
|
1474 |
Ficino, Platonic Theology |
|
1488 |
Bartolomeu Diaz rounds the Cape of Good Hope |
|
1492 |
Columbus’s first voyage; conquest of Granada; Behaim’s globe; Bellinis begin St Mark Preaching in Alexandria (completed 1504–7) |
|
1494 |
Treaty of Tordesillas; Italian Wars; Luca Pacioli, Everything about Arithmetic, Geometry and Proportion |
|
1497–8 |
Da Gama reaches India |
|
1500 |
Cabral lands in Brazil |
|
1505 |
Leonardo, Mona Lisa; Dürer in Italy |
|
1506 |
Bramante begins work on St Peter’s, Rome |
|
1509 |
Accession of King Henry VIII in England (rules until 1553) |
|
1511 |
Erasmus, Praise of Folly |
|
1512 |
Michelangelo completes Sistine Chapel ceiling; Erasmus, De Copia. |
|
1513 |
Cortes in Mexico; Portuguese capture Hormuz; Machiavelli, The Prince |
|
1515 |
Accession of King Francis I in France (rules until 1547) |
|
1516 |
Charles V king of Spain; Erasmus’s Greek New Testament; More, Utopia |
|
1517 |
Luther’s 95 theses |
|
1520 |
Accession of Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent |
|
1521 |
Diet of Worms; Magellan’s expedition reaches the Pacific |
|
1524 |
Peasant’s Revolt in Germany; Raphael, Donation of Constantine |
|
1525 |
Battle of Pavia; Dürer, A Course in the Art of Measurement |
|
1527 |
Sack of Rome |
|
1529 |
Treaty of Saragossa; Diogo Ribeiro world map |
|
1533 |
Henry VIII splits with Rome; Holbein, The Ambassadors, Regiomontanus, On Triangles |
|
1543 |
Copernicus, De Revolutionibus; Vesalius, Fabrica; Portuguese reach Japan |
|
1545 |
Council of Trent begins (ends 1563) |
|
1554 |
Bandello, Novelle |
|
1555 |
Peace of Augsburg; Pope Paul IV’s anti-Jewish papal bull; Labé, Euvres |
|
1556 |
Abdication of Charles V; Philip II becomes king of Spain; Tartaglia, A General Treatise on Numbers and Measurement; Agricola, De Re Metallica |
|
1558 |
Accession of Queen Elizabeth I in England |
|
1567 |
Whitney, The Copy of a Letter |
|
1569 |
Mercator’s world map |
|
1570 |
Elizabeth I excommunicated; Ortelius, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum |
|
1571 |
Defeat of Ottoman naval forces at the Battle of Lepanto |
|
1572 |
St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre; Camões, The Lusiads |
|
1580 |
Montaigne, Essays |
|
1590 |
Spenser, The Faerie Queene |
|
1603 |
Shakespeare, Othello; death of Elizabeth I; accession of James I |
|
1604 |
Cervantes, Don Quixote |
|
1605 |
Bacon, Advancement of Learning |