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Abbasids |
‘Dynasty’ at the head of Sunni Islam; centred on Baghdad |
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Atabeg |
Military and governmental office of general |
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Basilica |
Early form of church |
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Byzantium |
Continuator of the eastern Roman Empire |
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Emir |
Semi-independent Muslim ruler |
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Fatimids |
‘Dynasty’ at the head of Shi’a Islam; centred on Cairo |
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Fideles beati petri |
The faithful/vassals of St Peter; supporters of Popes Gregory VII and Urban II |
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Franks |
Generic term for the First Crusaders |
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Holy Lance |
The spear that pierced the side of Christ while on the cross |
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Indulgence |
Remission of sin in return for participation in the First Crusade |
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Jihad |
Islamic ideal of Holy War |
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Latins |
Generic term for western European Christians |
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Relic |
Physical remnant from the life of a revered Christian |
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Seljuqs |
Turcoman tribesmen who seized control of much of the Near East in the second half of the eleventh century |
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1095 |
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1–7 March |
Council of Piacenza |
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July–November |
Pope Urban II tours France |
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18–28 November |
Council of Clermont |
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27 November |
Pope Urban proclaims the First Crusade |
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December–September 1096 |
Urban carries out an extensive preaching tour across France to publicise the First Crusade |
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December |
Peter the Hermit starts preaching the crusade |
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1096 |
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March |
First contingents of the People’s Crusade set out |
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May–June |
Jewish pogroms in the Rhineland |
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1 August |
Peter the Hermit reaches Constantinople |
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c. 7 August |
People’s Crusade crosses over to Asia Minor |
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August–December |
Main armies of the crusade set out for the East |
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21 October |
Annihilation of the People’s Crusade at Civetos |
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November–May 1097 |
Main armies reach Constantinople |
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1097 |
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February |
Godfrey of Bouillon crosses the Bosphorus |
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May–June |
Siege of Nicaea |
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16 May |
First battle against Kilij Arslan |
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19 June |
Surrender of Nicaea |
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1 July |
Battle of Dorylaeum |
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July–September |
Crossing of Asia Minor |
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September–October |
Tancred and Baldwin of Boulogne in Cilicia |
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c. 10 October |
Main army reaches Marash |
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20 October |
Siege of Antioch begins |
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17 November |
Genoese ships arrive at St Simeon |
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31 December |
Foraging Battle against Duqaq of Damascus |
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1098 |
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January |
Attempted flight of Peter the Hermit Departure of Taticius |
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9 February |
Battle against Ridwan of Aleppo |
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February |
Fatimid embassy arrives in the crusader camp |
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4 March |
English fleet arrives at St Simeon |
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10–14 March |
Construction of La Mahomerie |
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2 June |
Stephen of Blois leaves Antioch |
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3 June |
Betrayal and sack of Antioch |
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4–5 June |
Kerbogha’s army arrives at Antioch Second siege of Antioch begins |
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14 June |
Discovery of the Holy Lance |
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25 June |
Peter the Hermit leads an embassy to Kerbogha |
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28 June |
Great Battle of Antioch |
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1 August |
Death of Adhémar of Le Puy |
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September |
Capture of Albara |
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November–December |
Siege of Marrat an-Numan |
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1099 |
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c. 4 January |
Council at Rugia |
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13 January |
Raymond of Toulouse sets out from Marrat |
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February–May |
Siege of Arqa |
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April |
Peter Bartholomew undergoes ordeal by fire |
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16 May |
Main armies set out from Arqa for Jerusalem |
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3–6 June |
Crusade at Ramleh |
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7 June |
First Crusade reaches Jerusalem |
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13 June |
First assault on Jerusalem fails |
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17 June |
News arrives of six Genoese ships docked at Jaffa |
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15 July |
First Crusade captures Jerusalem |
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12 August |
Battle of Ascalon |