DRAMATIS PERSONAE

Abernethy, Sir Alexander

Scot; warden from Forth to Grampians (1303–5)

Abingdon, Richard

royal officer; receiver of Cumberland (1297–1300); made baron of exchequer (1299)

Alard, Sir Gervase

of Winchelsea, Sussex; captain of the Cinque Ports; admiral of English fleet (1300–1)

Alexander II

king of Scots (1214–49)

Alexander III

king of Scots (1249–86)

Amersham, Walter

Edward I’s chancellor of Scotland (1296–1304); also receiver of Northumberland; d. 1304

Angus, Gilbert de Umfraville, earl of

lord of Redesdale & Coquetdale in Northumberland; d. 1307

Atholl, John de Strathbogie, earl of

Scottish sheriff of Aberdeen (c. 1300); brother-in-law of Robert Bruce, the future king; lieutenant & justiciar of Scotland beyond Forth (1304–5); d. 1306

Audley, Sir Hugh

Gloucestershire knight; keeper of Selkirk Forest (1301–c.1303); d. 1325

Balliol, Sir Alexander

lord of Cavers; sheriff of Selkirk (1301–c.1303)

Balliol, John

lord of Barnard Castle, co. Durham, & Galloway; claimant to Scottish throne; king of Scots (1292–1296/1304); d. 1313

Balmyle, Nicholas

‘of St. Andrews’; Scottish chancellor (c. 1301)

Bartholomew, Roger

burgess of Berwick; first to appeal from Scottish courts to Edward I (1291–2)

Barton, Robert

keeper of Abingdon’s counter-roll (1297)

Beauchamp, Sir Walter

steward of Edward’s household

Bek, Anthony

bishop of Durham (1283–1311)

Benstede, John

comptroller of the wardrobe

Bevercotes, William

royal officer; keeper of Edward’s seal in Scotland (1296–7); chancellor of Scotland (1304–6)

Biset, William

?lord of Upsettlington, Berwickshire; sheriff of Clackmannan (1303–4) & Stirling (1304–5)

Bisset, Sir Hugh

lord of Antrim; captured Arran (1298)

Boniface VIII

pope; d. 1303

Botetourt, Sir John

lord of Mendlesham, Suffolk; given Dalswinton castle (1301); warden of western march (1302–4)

Brabazon, Roger

English royal adviser; involved in Great Cause; later chief justice of the King’s Bench

Brampton, Stephen

English constable of Bothwell (1298–1300/1)

Bremesgrave, Richard

keeper of the Berwick store (1299–c. 1303)

Brittany, John of

Edward’s nephew; governor of Aquitaine (1298–1305); appointed lieutenant of Scotland (1305)

Bruce, Robert, of Annandale ‘the Competitor’

claimant to the Scottish throne; 5th lord of Annandale; d. 1295

Bruce, Robert, earl of Carrick

6th lord of Annandale; became earl through his wife, Marjorie; d. 1304 in England

Bruce, Robert, earl of Carrick

7th lord of Annandale; guardian of Scotland (1298–1300); king of Scots (1306–29)

Bunkle, Thomas

clerk of Dunkeld

Burdon, Sir John

Nottingham & Derbyshire knight; sheriff of Berwick & keeper of castle (1298–c. 1303)

Burghdon, Sir Walter

keeper of Carstairs castle & sheriff of Lanark (1301–3); justiciar of Galloway (1305)

Caen, John of

Edward’s notary public; responsible for drawing up Great Roll (c. 1296)

Cantilupe, Sir Robert

Essex knight; keeper of Lochmaben and warden of Annandale (1298–9)

Carlisle, bishop of

see Halton

Cheyne, Henry

bishop of Aberdeen (1282–1328); brother of Sir Reginald

Cheyne, Sir Reginald, Sr.

lord of Inverugie & Duffus; sheriff of Inverness (1296–7); justiciar beyond the mountains (1305); brother of Henry, bishop of Aberdeen

Clifford, Sir Robert

lord of Appleby castle, Westmorland; given Caerlaverock castle; keeper of Carlisle castle (1297–9); warden of Galloway (1298–9); keeper of the bishopric of Durham (1300–6)

Comyn, Sir Alexander

brother of the earl of Buchan but on English side

Comyn, Sir Alexander

brother of Sir John Comyn of Badenoch, senior

Comyn, Sir Edmund

of Kilbride; head of third branch of Comyn family; member of Sir John Comyn of Badenoch, jr.’s council

Comyn, Sir John, of Badenoch, sr.

guardian (1286–92); brother-in-law of John Balliol; claimant to Scottish throne; d. ?1299

Comyn, Sir John, of Badenoch, jr.

son of Sir John Comyn of Badenoch; guardian (1298–1301; 1303); killed by Robert Bruce (1306)

Comyn, John, earl of Buchan

cousin of Comyn of Badenoch; often leader of Scottish army (1296–1303)

Convers, Alexander

royal clerk responsible for provisioning English garrisons in south-east Scotland (1298–c.1303)

Crambeth, Matthew

dean of Aberdeen; bishop of Dunkeld (1288–1309)

Cressingham, Hugh

treasurer of Scotland (1296–7); killed at battle of Stirling Bridge, 1297

Cunningham, Robert

nephew of James the Steward; Scottish constable of Caerlaverock (?1297–99)

Dalilegh, James

receiver in west; keeper of Carlisle store (1299–1303); escheator south of Forth (1303–5)

Dolive, Sir John

keeper of Dumfries castle (1300)

Douglas, Sir William

father of Sir James Douglas ‘the Good’; d.c. 1299

Droxford, John

keeper of the wardrobe

Dunbar & March, Patrick, earl of

claimant to throne; consistent English supporter; keeper of Berwick town (1298); warden of eastern march (1298–9); keeper of Ayr (c. 1301)

Dunkeld, bishop of

see Crambeth

Dunwich, Peter

royal officer; escheator south of Forth & keeper of Yester castle (1296–7)

Durham, Sir William

knight of Essex & Hertfordshire; sheriff of Peebles (c. 1301); d. 1304

Durham, bishop of

see Bek

Edward I

king of England (1272–1307)

Edward ‘of Caernarvon’

prince of Wales; future Edward II; d. 1327

Elaund, Sir Hugh

Yorkshire knight; keeper of Jedburgh castle & warden of Selkirk Forest (1296–7)

Felton, Sir Robert

Gloucestershire knight; constable of Lochmaben (1299–c.1300)

Felton, Sir William

Northamptonshire knight with Northumbrian connections; keeper of Linlithgow castle (1301–?)

FitzAlan, Sir Brian

lord of Bedale in Yorkshire

FitzMarmaduke, Sir John

custodian of earl of Lincoln’s lands of Strathgryfe, forfeited from James the Steward

FitzRoger, Sir Robert

lord of Clavering, Essex; keeper of eastern Scottish march (1299–1300)

FitzWarin, Sir William

lord of Grimthorpe, Yorkshire; keeper of Urquhart castle; husband of Mary, countess of Strathearn and queen of Man; d. 1317

FitzWilliam, Sir Ralph

Northumberland knight; captain of Newcastle garrison (1297–9); captain of Yorkshire garrisons (1298); warden of Galloway (1299)

Fraser, Sir Simon

lord of Oliver castle; captured at Dunbar; made Edward’s warden of Selkirk Forest (1297–c.1301); defected to Scots in 1301; d. 1306

Fraser, William

bishop of St. Andrews (1279–97); guardian of Scotland (1286–92); great-uncle of Sir Simon Fraser

Fraunceys, Sir William

constable of Kirkintilloch castle (c. 1301)

Furnivall, Sir Thomas

knight of Nottingham, Derby & Yorkshire; captain of Nottingham and Derbyshire garrisons (1298)

Galloway, Thomas of

illegitimate son of Alan, lord of Galloway; prevented from succeeding his father by Alexander III

Gaveston, Piers

Gascon knight; ‘close friend’ of Edward II

Glasgow, bishop of

see Wishart

Gloucester, Gilbert de Clare, earl of

his great-aunt, Isabel, was wife of Robert Bruce the Competitor; d. 1307

Gordon, Sir Adam

Scottish warden of western march (c. 1300); justiciar of Lothian (1305)

Graham, Sir David

son of Sir Patrick Graham of Airth

Halton, John

bishop of Carlisle (1292–1324)

Hastangs, Sir Richard

Staffordshire knight; keeper of Jedburgh castle (1298–?1305); brother of Sir Robert

Hastangs, Sir Robert

Staffordshire knight; sheriff of Roxburgh & keeper of castle (1296–c.1305); brother of Sir Richard

Hastings, Sir Edmund

sheriff of Ayr (1301); warden of Berwick town (1302)

Hastings, Sir John

claimant to Scottish throne

Henry I

king of England (1100–35)

Henry II

king of England (1154–89)

Henry III

king of England (1216–72)

Hereford, Humphrey de Bohun, earl of

constable of England; d. 1298

Hereford, Humphrey de Bohun, earl of

d. 1322

Heron, Robert

keeper of new customs at Berwick (1296–c.1304); keeper of counter-roll (1297–?1304); comptroller of chamberlain of Scotland (1305–6)

Hesilrig, Sir William

Northumberland knight; sheriff of Lanark killed by William Wallace in 1297

Hoddleston, Sir John

knight of Cumberland, Yorkshire & Lancashire; temporary warden of Galloway (1297); captain of Cumberland and Westmorland (1303); d. 1316

Holland, Florence, Count of

claimant to Scottish throne

Hunsingore, Master Thomas

King John’s chancellor

Huntercumbe, Sir Walter

Oxfordshire knight; sheriff of Edinburgh (1296–7); keeper of Berwick town (1298); captain of Northumberland garrisons (1298–?1303); d. 1313

Huntingdon, Earl David of

Grandson of David I; youngest son of Henry, earl of Northumberland; brother of Malcolm IV and William I; progenitor of Bruce, Balliol and Hastings; d. 1219

Jarum, John

royal clerk; keeper of Ayr store (1301)

Joneby, Sir Robert

Cumberland knight; sheriff of Dumfries (1296–7)

Keith, Edward

brother of Sir Robert; claimed to be hereditary sheriff of Selkirk through his wife

Keith, Sir Robert

Scottish warden of Selkirk Forest (1299–1300); justiciar north of the Forth (1306); brother of Edward

Kingston, Sir John

knight of Berkshire and Wiltshire; sheriff of Edinburgh (1298–1303)

Lamberton, William

archdeacon of Glasgow; bishop of St. Andrews (1297–1328)

Langton, John

bishop of Chichester; chancellor of England

Langton, Walter

bishop of Coventry and Lichfield (also known as Chester); treasurer of England

Lathum, Sir Henry

knight of Lancashire; sheriff of Aberdeen (1296–c.1297)

Latimer, Sir William

Yorkshire knight; captain of eastern Scottish garrisons (1299) keeper of Berwick town & warden of eastern march (1300–1); in charge of chevauchées from Roxburgh (1302–3); d. 1304

Leeds, Sir Alexander

Yorkshire knight; sheriff of Dumbarton (1296–7)

Lennox, Malcolm, earl of

?1290–1333

Lincoln, Henry de Lacy, earl of

given James the Steward’s lands; d. 1311

Lindsay, Sir Alexander

of Barnweill

Lindsay, Sir Simon

lord of Arthuret; captain in Esk Valley for Edward I (1298); keeper of Liddel and Hermitage castles

Livingston, Sir Archibald

sheriff of Linlithgow (1301–4?); sheriff of Stirling (before 1304)

Logan, Sir Walter

Scottish sheriff of Lanark

MacDonald, Alastair

lord of Islay; 2nd line of descent from Somerled, king of Argyll; rival for power in north-west with the MacDougalls; d. ?1298

MacDougall, Alastair

lord of Argyll & Lorn; senior line of descent from Somerled, king of Argyll; rival for power in the north-west with the MacDonalds; d. 1310

MacDougall, John

of Lorn; eldest son and heir of Alastair MacDougall

MacDougall, Duncan

son of Alastair MacDougall

MacQuillan, Malcolm

Antrim lord interested in western Isles

MacRuarie, Lachlan

of Garmoran; 3rd line of descent from Somerled, king of Argyll; brother of Ruarie & Christina, wife of Gartnait of Mar; married to daughter of Alastair of Argyll

MacRuarie, Ruarie

brother of Lachlan & Christina

Malcolm III Canmore

king of Scots (1058–93)

Malherbe, Sir Gilbert

lord of Slamannan and Livilands; Scottish sheriff of Stirling, c. 1299

Manton, Ralph

king’s cofferer; unofficial paymaster in Scotland

Mar, Donald, earl of

father-in-law of Robert Bruce, earl of Carrick (future king); ?d. 1298

Mar, Gartnait of

eldest son and heir of Donald, earl of Mar; husband of Christina MacRuarie

March

see Dunbar

Margaret, ‘Maid’ of Norway

daughter of King Eric of Norway and Margaret, daughter of Alexander III; died 1290

Marshall, John

earl of Lincoln’s baillie in barony of Renfrew forfeited from James the Steward

Maudley, Sir Robert

Yorkshire knight; English owner of Dirleton castle

Maule, Sir Thomas

Scottish constable of Brechin castle (1303)

Menteith, Alexander, earl of

captured at Dunbar; released 1297; d. 1306

Menteith, Sir John de

brother of earl Alexander; sheriff of Dumbarton & keeper of castle (1303–?9); d.c.1323

Moigne, Sir John le

keeper of Galloway and Nithsdale (1303)

Morham, Sir Herbert

son of Sir Thomas; leader of Scottish army besieging Stirling castle in 1299; captured & escaped; recaptured before 1304; d. 1306

Morham, Sir Thomas

father of Sir Herbert; served Edward

Mortimer, William

royal official; justiciar of Scotia (1296–7)

Moubray, Sir John

lord of Methven; member of Sir John Comyn of Badenoch junior’s council

Mountz, Sir Ebulo

sheriff & constable of Edinburgh castle (1303–5)

Multon, Sir Thomas

lord of Lillesland, Cumberland; captain of Cumberland and Westmorland (1303); d. 1314

Murray, Andrew

son of Sir Andrew Murray of Petty; d. 1297

Murray, Sir William

lord of Tullibardine in earldom of Strathearn

Norfolk, Roger Bigod, earl of

marshal of England; d. 1306

Novelliano, Sir Montasini de

Gascon knight; constable of Ayr castle (c. 1301)

Ormesby, William

royal official; justiciar of Lothian (1296–7)

Pencaitland, John

keeper of Jedburgh castle for Scots (1297–8)

Percy, Sir Henry

Yorkshire knight; warden of Galloway & Ayrshire (1296–7); 1273–1314

Philip IV, ‘the fair’

king of France (1268–1314)

Pilche, Alexander

leader of burgesses of Inverness

Redmayne, Sir Matthew

knight of Northumberland & Cumberland; sheriff of Dumfries (1304)

Ros, Sir Robert de

lord of Wark; struck first blow of the war for the Scots, supposedly because of his love for a Scottish lady

Ros, Sir William de

claimant to throne through illegitimate descent; brother of Robert de Ros, but on English side

Ross, William, earl of

remained in prison after Dunbar till 1303; lieutenant beyond the Spey (1303–5); d. 1323

Rue, William

royal clerk responsible for supplying Edinburgh, Dirleton & Stirling

Rye [Rithre], Henry

royal official, escheator north of the Forth & keeper of Elgin & Forres castles (1296–7)

St. Andrews, bishop of

see Fraser; Lamberton

St. George, Master James de

famous master carpenter from Savoy; worked on Linlithgow

St. John, Sir John de, sen.

lord of Basing, Hampshire; warden of Galloway (1300–1302); effectively lieutenant of Scotland; d. 1302

Sampson, John

English constable of Stirling castle (1298–1300)

Sandale, John

chamberlain of Scotland (1305)

Segrave, Sir John

Oxfordshire knight; in charge of chevauchées from Berwick (1302–3); keeper of Berwick castle (1302–3); lieutenant in eastern Scotland (1303–4); lieutenant south of Forth & justiciar of Lothian (1304–5); d. 1325

Siward, Sir Richard

lord of Tibbers; captured at Dunbar; warden of Nithsdale (1299–); sheriff of Fife (1304)

Skoter, Roger

royal official; justiciar of Galloway (1296–7)

Spaldington, Osbert

Lincolnshire knight; sheriff of Berwick (?1296–8)

Soules, Sir John

guardian of Scotland (1301–3); died in exile in France, 1318

Soules, Sir Thomas

youngest brother of Sir John and Sir William

Soules, Sir William

lord of Liddesdale; butler of Scotland; elder brother of Sir John; d. 1293; succeeded by his brother, Nicholas

Soules, William

lord of Liddesdale; butler of Scotland; son of Nicholas; nephew of Sir John & Sir William

Steward, James the

guardian of Scotland (1286–92); close associate of Bruces; feudal superior of Wallace; grandfather of future king, Robert II; d. 1309

Stewart, Sir John

of Jedburgh; brother of James; leader of the archers of Selkirk Forest; d. 1298

Strathearn, Master Alpin of

probably a son of the earl of Strathearn; archdeacon of St. Andrews; King John Balliol’s treasurer; ?bishop of Dunblane in 1296

Strathearn, Malise, earl of

captured at Dunbar; subsequently sided with Edward I; deputy of earl of Atholl as lieutenant north of the Forth (1305)

Surrey, John de Warenne, earl of

first post-conquest lieutenant in Scotland (1296–8); d. 1304

Sutherland, William, earl of

d.c.1307

Teye, Sir Walter

knight of Yorkshire and Bedfordshire; officer in Esk valley (1298–?); captain of Berwick town garrison (1300–1); d. 1324

Tilliol, Sir Robert

Cumberland knight; constable of Lochmaben (1301); d. 1321

Tweng, Sir Marmaduke

Yorkshire knight; d. 1323

Ulster, Richard de Burgh, earl of

father-in-law of Robert Bruce, earl of Carrick, the future king

Umfraville, Sir Ingram de

Scottish sheriff of Roxburgh (1299–); guardian of Scotland (1300–1)

Umfraville, Thomas de

younger son of Earl Gilbert of Angus; constable of Dundee, traditionally controlled by his family (1303–4)

Umfraville

see Angus

Valence, Sir Aymer de

later earl of Pembroke; given Murray castle of Bothwell; lieutenant in southern Scotland (1303)

Vernay, Sir Philip

keeper of Berwick town (1298–9)

Waldegrave, Sir Richard

Northamptonshire knight; sheriff of Stirling (1296–7)

Wallace, William

younger son of Sir Malcolm Wallace of Elderslie; d. 1305

Warwick, Guy Beauchamp, earl of

d. 1315

Warwick, William, earl of

d. 1298

Weston, John

receiver and paymaster in south-east Scotland (1299–c. 1302)

William I ‘the Conqueror’

duke of Normandy; king of England (1066–87)

William I ‘the Lion’

king of Scots (1165–1214); captured and forced to concede Treaty of Falaise (1174)

Willoughby, Philip

former keeper of wardrobe; English treasurer’s lieutenant

Wishart, Robert

bishop of Glasgow (1271–1316); staunch defender of Scotland’s independence