Bibliographies

Books: The Western Hemisphere

Books on the Second World War are legion. The lists which follow embrace only a small proportion. By and large they contain books written in or translated into English but this is not a rigid rule.

The contribution of official historiography is itself substantial both in the number of books published, and their bulk and importance. The forbidding nature of official histories should not be allowed to obscure the fact that they contain numerous volumes that are uncommonly good and as readable as they are scholarly. The British official History of the Second World War runs to more than eighty volumes divided between Military, Civil and Medical series. The US collection is longer still; its volumes on the US Army alone almost equal the entire British oeuvre. Other English-language collections – Canadian, Australian, New Zealand, Indian, South African – are commensurately weighty. Their subject matter ranges from Grand Strategy and Foreign Policy to particular topics and services such as Merchant Shipping, Manpower, Civil Defence. The lists below do not include these official publications.

ORIGINS

(i) General Surveys

Christopher Thorne, The Approach of War 1938–39 (1967); A. J. P. Taylor, The Origins of the Second World War (1961, reprinted with new introduction 1963); Elizabeth Wiskemann, Europe of the Dictators (1966), Czechs and Germans (1967); D. C. Watt, Too Serious a Business: European Armed Forces and the Approach to the Second World War (1967); A. Adamthwaite, The Making of the Second World War (1977).

(ii) British Policies

Michael Howard, The Continental Commitment: The Dilemma of British Defence Policy in the Era of Two World Wars (1972); C. G. Peden, British Rearmament and the Treasury 1932–39 (1979); L. R. Pratt, East of Malta, West of Suez: Britain’s Mediterranean Crisis 1936–39 (1975); R. P. Shay, British Rearmament in the Thirties: Politics and Profits (1977); S. W. Roskill, Naval Policy between the Wars, vol. 2: The period of Reluctant Rearmament 1930–39 (1936), Hankey, Man of Secrets, vol. 2: 1919–31 (1972), vol. 3: 1931–63 (1974); Lt-Gen. Sir H. R. Pownall, Chief of Staff: The Diaries of Lt-Gen. Sir Henry R. Pownall (ed. B. Bond, vol. 1: 1933–40, 1972, and vol. 2: 1940–44, 1974); T. Jones, A Diary with Letters 1931–50 (1954).

(iii) Appeasement and Munich

M. Gilbert, The Roots of Appeasement (1966); C. A. Macdonald, The United States, Britain and Appeasement (1981); A. A. Offner, American Appeasement: U.S. Foreign Policy and Germany 1933–38 (1969); R. Ovendale, Appeasement and the English-speaking World: Britain, the United States, the Dominions and the Policy of Appeasement (1975); R. Parkinson, Peace for Our Time: Munich to Dunkirk, the Inside Story (1971); Telford Taylor, Munich: The Price of Peace (1967); K. Middlemas, Diplomacy of Illusion: The British Government and Germany 1937–39 (1972); I. Colvin, The Chamberlain Cabinet (1971); J. A. Cross, Sir Samuel Hoare: A Political Biography (1977); S. K. Newman, March 1939: The British Guarantee to Poland, a Study in the Continuity of British Foreign Policy (1976); Sir A. M. Cadogan, Diaries 1938–45 (ed. D. Dilks, 1971); R. G. Vansittart, The Mist Procession (1958); D. E. Kaiser, Economic Diplomacy and the Origins of the Second World War (1980); D. Calleo, The German Problem Reconsidered: Germany and the World Order 1870 to the Present (1978); G. Niedhart (ed.), Kriegsbeginn 1939 (1976); M. Baumont, Les Origines de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale (1969; English trans. 1976); R. Douglas, The Advent of War 1939–40 (1978); W. J. Mommsen and L. Kettenbacker (eds.), The Fascist Challenge and the Policy of Appeasement (1983).

HITLER, NAZISM, FASCISM, THE AXIS

(i) Hitler and the Third Reich

Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (17th edn 1939), first, abbreviated, English translation: Mein Kampf (1933); A. Bullock, Hitler: A Study in Tyranny (2nd edn 1965); J. P. Stern, Hitler: The Führer and the People (1975); J. F. C. Fest, Hitler: Eine Biographie (1973), English translation: Hitler (1974); N. Stone, Hitler (1980); W. Maser, Adolf Hitler: Legende, Mythos, Wirklichkeit (1972), English translation: Hitler (1973); F. Jetzinger, Hitlers Jugend (1956), English translation: Hitler’s Youth (1958); A. Kubizek, Adolf Hitler: Mein Jugendfreund (1953), English translation: Young Hitler(1954); K. Heiden, Hitler: A Biography (1936); W. A. Jenks, Vienna and the Young Hitler (1960); E. Calic, Ohne Maske (1968), English translation: Unmasked (1971); H. Picker (ed.), Hitlers Tischgespräche im Führerhauptquartier (1951); H. Rauschning, Conversations with Hitler(1939); M. Domarus, Hitler: Reden und Proklamationen 1932–45 (1953); H. R. Trevor-Roper, The Last Days of Hitler (4th edn 1971), Hitler’s War Directives 1939–45(ed., 1964), Hitler’s Table Talk 1941–44 (ed., 1953); Maj.-Gen. J. M. Strawson, Hitler as Military Commander (1971); P. E. Schramm, Hitler als militärische Führer (1965); K. D. Bracher, Die deutsche Diktatur (1969), English translation: The German Dictatorship (1971); J. F. C. Fest, Das Gesicht des Dritten Reiches (1963), English translation: The Face of the Third Reich (1970); M. Broszat, Der Nationalsozialismus (1960), English translation: German National Socialism (1966); W. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (1960); P. Ayçoberry, La question nazi (1979), English translation: The Nazi Question: An Essay on the Interpretation of National Socialism 1922–1975(1981); W. S. Allen, The Nazi Seizure of Power: The Experience of a Single German Town 1930–35 (1966); J. Nyomarkay, Charisma and Functionalism in the Nazi Party (1967); H. Krausnick (ed.), Anatomy of the SS State (1968); G. H. Stein, The Waffen SS (1966); A. Speer, Erinnerungen (1969), English translation: Inside the Third Reich(1970); P. Schmidt, Statist auf der diplomatischen Bühne (1951), abbreviated English translation: Hitler’s Interpreter (1951); H. B. Gisevius, Bis zum bitteren Ende (1946), English translation: To the Bitter End (1948); N. Rich, Hitler’s War Aims: Ideology, the Nazi State and the Course of Expansion (1973); R. J. O’Neill, The German Army and the Nazi Party 1923–39 (1966); Telford Taylor, The Sword and the Swastika (1952); F. L. Carsten, Reichswehr and Politics 1918–1933 (1956); J. S. Conway, The Nazi Persecution of the Churches 1939–45 (1958).

(ii) Nazism and Fascism

B. Moore, The Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy (1967); J. L. Talmon, The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy (1952); H. Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism (1958); F. Meinecke, The German Catastrophe (1950); E. Nolte, Der Faschismus in seiner Epoche (1963), English translation: Three Faces of Fascism (1965); H. Kohn, The Mind of Germany (1961); G. L. Mosse, The Crisis of German Ideology (1966), Nazi Culture (1966); D. Gasman, The Scientific Origins of National Socialism (1971); R. Butler, The Roots of National Socialism (1941); P. Gay, Weimar Culture (1969); A. J. Nichols, Weimar and the Rise of Hitler (1968); F. Neumann, Behemoth: The Structure and Practice of National Socialism (1942); B. Granzow, A Mirror of Nazism (1964); F. Chabod, Storia del fascismo italiano (1960), English translation: A History of Italian Fascism (1963); G. Carocci, Storia del fascismo (1972), English translation: Italian Fascism (1974); C. Seton-Watson, Italy from Liberalism to Fascism (1967); D. Mack Smith, Mussolini (1981); R. De Felice, Mussolini il duce: gli anni del consenso (1974); I. Kirkpatrick, Mussolini: A Study of a Demagogue (1964); C. Hibbert, Benito Mussolini: The Rise and Fall of Il Duce (1962); G. Ciano, Diario 1937–43 (ed. R. De Felice, 1980), partial English translations: Ciano’s Diary 1937–38 (1952) and Ciano’s Diary 1939–43 (1947); E. Wiskemann, Fascism in Italy: Its Development and Influence (1969), The Rome-Berlin Axis (1949); M. Toscano, Le origini diplomatiche del patto d’acciaio (2nd edn 1956), English translation: The Origins of the Pact of Steel (1967); F. W. Deakin, The Brutal Friendship: Mussolini, Hitler and the Fall of Italian Fascism(1962); M. Knox, Mussolini Unleashed 1939–41 (1982).

THE FRENCH COLLAPSE

M. Bloch, L’étrange défaite (1946); A. Beaufre, Le drame de 1940 (1965), English translation: 1940: The Fall of France (1967); A. Adamthwaite, France and the Coming of the Second World War (1977); G. Chapman, Why France Fell (1968); P. Stehlin, Témoignage pour l’histoire (1964); G. Warner, Pierre Laval and the Eclipse of France (1968); H. Cole, Laval: A Biography (1963); C. M. de la Gorce, La république et son armée (1963); R. T. Thomas, British and Vichy: The Dilemma of Anglo-French Relations 1940–42 (1979).

AMERICAN POLICIES

C. C. Tansill, Back Door to War: The Roosevelt Foreign Policy 1933–41 (1952); D. Drummond, The Passing of American Neutrality (1955); W. A. Williams, The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (1966); W. L. Langer and S. E. Gleason, The Challenge to Isolation (1952), The Undeclared War (1953); S. Friedlander, Prelude to Disaster: Hitler and the United States (1967); W. S. Cole, Roosevelt and the Isolationists 1932–45 (1983); C. A. Beard, President Roosevelt and the Coming of War (1946); R. Dallek, Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy 1932–45(1979); G. C. Smith, American Diplomacy during World War II (1965); G. Kolko, The Politics of War: Allied Diplomacy and the World Crisis of 1943–45 (1969); W. L. Langer, Our Vichy Gamble(1966); K. S. Davis, The American Experience of War (1970); B. J. Bernstein (ed.), Towards a New Past (1968); J. L. Gaddis, The United States and the Origins of the Cold War 1941–47 (1972); R. A. Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent: American Entry into World War II (1965).

RUSSIAN RESISTANCE

N. A. Voznesensky, The Economy of the USSR in the Period of the Patriotic War (1948); V. Conolly, Beyond the Urals (1967); N. Jasny, Soviet Industrialization 1928–52 (1961); A. G. Mazour, Soviet Economic Development (1968); M. Fainsod, Smolensk under Soviet Rule (1959); D. J. Dallin, Soviet Foreign Policy 1939–42 (1945); E. H. Carr, German–Soviet Relations between the Two World Wars (1952); J. Erickson, The Soviet High Command: A Military–Political History 1918–1941 (1962); R. Kolkowicz, The Soviet Military and the Communist Party (1967); A. Dallin, German Rule in Russia 1941–45 (revd edn 1981); V. M. Mastny, Russia’s Road to the Cold War: Diplomacy, Warfare and the Politics of Communism 1941–45 (1979). And see under The Fighting.

GREAT BRITAIN AT WAR

There are numerous excellent volumes in the Civil series of the official History of the Second World War. In addition:

A. Bullock, The Life and Times of Ernest Bevin, vol. 2: Minister of Labour 1940–45 (1967); A. Marwick, Britain in the Century of Total War (1968); A. S. Milward, War, Economy and Society 1939–45 (1977); H. Pelling, Britain and the Second World War(1970); A. Calder, The People’s War: Britain 1939–45 (1971); P. Addison, The Road to 1945: British Politics and the Second World War (1975); A. J. Youngson, The British Economy 1920–57 (1960); M. Bruce, The Coming of the Welfare State (1968).

THE FIGHTING

The campaigns are covered in detail in the various official histories. In addition:

(i) General Surveys and Strategy

B. H. Liddell Hart, History of the Second World War (1970); G. Wright, The Ordeal of Total War 1939–45 (1968); H. Michel, La seconde guerre mondiale, 2 vols. (1968–9); S. E. Morison, American Contributions to the Strategy of World War II (1958), Strategy and Compromise (1968); A. J. Marder, From the Dardanelles to Oran (1974); M. Howard, The Mediterranean in the Second World War (1968); F. H. Hinsley, Hitler’s Strategy (1951); K. R. Greenfield, American Strategy in World War II: A Reconsideration(1963); A. Bryant (ed.), The Turn of the Tide (1957), Triumph in the West (1958), extracts with commentary from Lord Alanbrooke’s papers; C. Bekker, The Luftwaffe War Diaries (1967); General F. Halder, Kriegstagebüch (ed. H. A. Jacobsen, 1962–6); General W. Warlimont, Im Hauptquartier der deutschen Wehrmacht 1939–45 (1962), English translation: Inside the Führer’s Headquarters (1964).

(ii) The First Year

V. Tanner, The Winter War (1975, Finland); Maj.-Gen. J. L. Moulton, The Norwegian Campaign of 1940 (1966); N. Harman, Dunkirk, the Necessary Myth (1980); W. Lord, The Miracle of Dunkirk (1983); Telford Taylor, The March of Conquest (1958), The Breaking Wave (1967); H. R. Allen, Who Won the Battle of Britain? (1974); R. Wright, Dowding and the Battle of Britain (1964); R. Wheatley, Operation Sea Lion (1958).

(iii) The Mediterranean and North Africa

D. Macintyre, The Battle for the Mediterranean (1964); B. Pitt, The Crucible of War: The Western Desert (1980); Maj.-Gen. J. M. Strawson, The Battle for North Africa (1965), El Alamein: Desert Victory (1981); Field-Marshal Lord Carver, Tobruk (1964), El Alamein (2nd edn 1979); Corelli Barnett, The Desert Generals (2nd edn 1983); I. M. G. Stewart, The Struggle for Crete (1966).

(iv) The Atlantic

P. Beesly, Very Special Intelligence (1977); Vice-Admiral Sir P. Gretton, Convoy Escort Commander (1964), Crisis Convoy: The Story of HX231 (1974); Vice-Admiral B. B. Schofield, The Arctic Convoys (1977); J. Rohwer, Geleitzug Schlachten in März 1943(1975), English translation: The Critical Convoy Battles of March 1943 (1977).

(v) The Russian Fronts

J. Erickson, Stalin’s War with Germany, vol. 1: The Road to Stalingrad (1975), vol. 2: The Road to Berlin (1983); Col. A. Seaton, The Battle for Moscow (1971), The Russo-German War (1971); A. Werth, Russia at War 1941–45 (1964); D. Irving, Hitler’s War(1977); S. Bialer (ed.), Stalin and His Generals: Soviet Military Memoirs of World War II (1970); A. Clark, Barbarossa (1964); H. E. Salisbury, The Siege of Leningrad (1969); L. Goure, The Siege of Leningrad (1962); G. Jukes, Kursk: The Clash of Armour(1968); Marshal V. I. Chuikov, The Beginning of the Road(English translation 1963), The End of the Third Reich (English translation 1967); J. Thorwald, Es begann an der Weichsel and Das Ende an der Elbe (combined and abbreviated English translation: Flight into the Winter, 1953); F. W. Deakin and R. Storry, The Case of Richard Sorge(1966); R. Cecil, Hitler’s Decision to Invade Russia (1975); B. A. Leach, German Strategy against Russia 1939–41 (1973); G. C. Herring, Aid to Russia 1941–46 (1973).

(vi) Italy

W. G. F. Jackson, The War in Italy (1967); G. A. Shepherd, The Italian Campaign 1943–45 (1968); Janusz Piekalkiewicz, Cassino (1980); R. Trevelyan, The Fortress: A Diary of Anzio and After (1956); P. Verney, Anzio: An Unexpected Fury (1978); D. W. Orgill, The Gothic Line (1967); D. W. Elwood, Italy 1943–45 (1985).

(vii) The Last Year

J. Keegan, Six Armies in Normandy: From D-day to the Liberation of Paris (1982); S. Westphal, The German Army in the West (1951); Forrest C. Pogue, The Supreme Command (1954); R. Lamb, Montgomery in Europe (1983); Carlo d’Este, Decision in Normandy: The Unwritten Story of Montgomery and the Allied Campaign (1983); C. Bauer, The Battle of Arnhem (1966); C. Hibbert, The Battle of Arnhem (1962); C. Ryan, A Bridge Too Far (1974); Maj.-Gen. J. M. Strawson, The Battle for the Ardennes(1972); C. B. McDonagh, The Battle of the Bulge: The Definitive Account (1984); H. Essame, The Battle for Germany (1969).

(viii) Bombing and Countermeasures

A. Verrier, The Bomber Offensive (1968); N. Frankland, The Bombing Offensive against Germany (1965); H. Rumpf, The Bombing of Germany (1963); R. V. Jones, Most Secret War (1978); M. Middlebrook, The Peenemünde Raid (1982), The Nuremberg Raid of 30–31 March 1944 (1973); D. Irving, The Destruction of Dresden (2nd edn 1966); A. S. Milward, The German Economy at War (1965); M. Kaldor, ‘The German War Economy’ in Essays in Economic Policy, vol. 2 (1964); B. Klein, Germany’s Economic Preparations for War (1959); A. Milward, The German Economy at War (1964).

OCCUPATION, COLLABORATION, RESISTANCE, REVOLUTION

A. M. Meerloo, Total War and the Human Mind (1944); M. R. D. Foot, Resistance: An Analysis of European Resistance to Nazism 1940–45 (1976); E. H. Cookridge, Inside SOE (1967); Bradley F. Smith, The Shadow Warriors: OSS and the Origins of the CIA(1982); David Stafford, Britain and the European Resistance 1940–45 (1980); P. Auty and R. Clogg (eds.), British Policy towards the Wartime Resistance in Greece and Yugoslavia (1975); Werner Rings, Leben mit dem Feind (1979), English translation: Life with the Enemy (1982); Henri Michel, La guerre de l’ombre(1970), English translation: The Shadow War: Resistance in Europe 1939–45 (1972), Paris allemand (1981), Les courants de la pensée dans la Résistance (1962); Pierre Lorain, Armement clandestin: SOE 1941–44 France (1972), expanded English translation: Secret Warfare: The Arms and the Techniques of the Resistance (1984); C. Bellanger, Presse clandestine 1940–44 (1961); P. Arnoult, La France sous l’occupation (1959); J. Kruuse, Madness at Oradour (1969); P. Novick, The Resistance versus Vichy: The Purge of Collaborators in Liberated France (1968); H. R. Lottmann, The People’s Anger: Justice and Revenge in Post-Liberation France (1986); W. Warmbrunn, The Dutch under German Occupation (1963); W. B. Maass, The Netherlands at War 1940–45 (1970); T. Bor-Komorowski, The Secret Army (1950); J. Gorlinski, Poland, SOE and the Allies (1969); V. M. Mastny, The Czechs under Nazi Rule (1971); Tore Gjelsvik, Hjemmefronten (1977), English translation: Norwegian Resistance 1940–45 (1979); J. O. Thomas, The Giant Killers: The Story of the Danish Resistance Movement 1940–45 (1975); J. Bennett, British Broadcasting and the Danish Resistance Movement 1940–45 (1966); J. K. M. Hanson, The Civilian Population and the Warsaw Uprising of 1944 (1982); Mark C. Wheeler, Britain and the War for Yugoslavia (1980); Jozo Tomasevich, War and Revolution in Yugoslavia 1941–45 (1975); V. Dedijer, Tito Speaks (1953); E. W. Deakin, The Embattled Mountain (1971); C. F. Delzell, Mussolini’s Enemies: The Anti-Fascist Resistance (1961); Roberto Battaglia, Storia della Resistenza Italiana (1953), abbreviated English translation: The Story of the Italian Resistance (1957); G. Bocca, Storia dell’Italia partigiana (1964); C. Amè, La guerra segreta in Italia 1940–43 (1954); E. Schramm von Thadden, Griechenland und die Grossmachte im zweiten Weltkrieg (1955); C. M. Woodhouse, Apple of Discord (1948); D. G. Kousoulas, Revolution and Defeat(1965); D. Eudes, Les Kapetianos (1970), English translation: The Kapetianos: Partisans and Civil War in Greece 1943–49 (1972); J. C. Loulis, The Greek Communist Party (1982); N. Hammond, Venture into Greece: With the Guerrillas 1943–44 (1983); E. C. W. Myers, Greek Entanglement (1955); A. Dallin, German Rule in Russia 1941–45 (revd edn 1981); J. A. Armstrong (ed.), Soviet Partisans in World War II (1964); A. Oras, Baltic Eclipse (1948); C. G. Cruickshank, The German Occupation of the Channel Islands (1975); A. Roberts (ed.), The Strategy of Civilian Defence(1967). Also the periodicals Revue d’histoire de la deuxième guerre mondiale and Esprit de la Résistance; European Resistance Movements, 1939–45 (proceedings of the International Conferences on the History of the Resistance, Milan 1961 and Oxford 1962).

ANTI-NAZI GERMANS

H. Rothfels, Die deutsche Opposition gegen Hitler (1958), English translation: The Secret Opposition to Hitler (1962); C. Sykes, Troubled Loyalty (1968); G. Ritter, Carl Goerdeler und die deutsche Widerstandsbewegung (1954), English translation: The German Resistance (1958); F. von Schlabrendorff, The Secret War against Hitler (1966); W. Hoettl, The Secret Front (1954); M. Mourin, Les complots contre Hitler (1948); H. Höhne, Canaris (1976), English translation: Canaris (1979); T. Prittie, Germans against Hitler (1964); G. C. Zahn, German Catholics and Hitler’s War (1963), In Solitary Witness (1964); G. Lewy, The Catholic Church and Nazi Germany (1964); A. Leber, Das Gewissen steht auf (1954); E. Kordt, Nicht aus den Akten (1950); V. von Hassell, Vom anderen Deutschland: aus den nachgelassenen Tagebüchern 1938–44 (1946), abbreviated English translation: The von Hassell Diaries 1938–44 (1948).

PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE, PROPAGANDA

E. K. Bramstedt, Goebbels and National Socialist Propaganda 1925–45 (1965); Z. A. B. Zeman, Nazi Propaganda (1964), Selling the War: Art and Propaganda in World War II (1978); L. Fraser, Propaganda (1957); M. Mégret, La guerre psychologique(1963); D. Lerner (ed.), Sykewar: Psychological War against Germany (1949).

ANTI-SEMITISM, THE CAMPS, THE HOLOCAUST

M. A. Meyer, The Origins of the Modern Jew (1967); Gerald Fleming, Hitler und die Endlösung (1982); G. Reitlinger, The Final Solution (1953); N. Cohn, Warrant for Genocide (1967); L. Poliakoff, Harvest of Hate (1956); Reuben Ainsztein, Jewish Resistance in Nazi-Occupied Eastern Europe (1974); Lucy S. Davidowicz, The War against the Jews 1933–45 (1975); Yisrael Gutman, The Jews of Warsaw 1939–43: Ghetto, Underground and Revolt (English translation from Hebrew, 1983); D. S. Wyman, The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust 1941–1945 (1984); Martin Gilbert, Auschwitz and the Allies (1981); A. D. Morse, Why Six Million Died (1968); S. Friedländer, Pius XII and the Third Reich (1968); P. E. Lapide, The Last Three Popes and the Jews (1967); C. Falconi, The Silence of Pius XII (1970); B. Wasserstein, Britain and the Jews of Europe (1975). Also: the series of Records and Documents of the Holy See relating to the Second World War in the course of publication.

AT THE TOP

H. Feis, Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin: The War They Waged and the Peace They Sought (1967); W. H. MacNeill, America, Britain and Russia: Their Co-operation and Conflict 1941–46 (1963); D. S. Clemens, Yalta (1971); A. Theoharis, The Yalta Myths(1971); J. M. Burns, Roosevelt, the Soldier of Fortune 1940–45 (1971); R. A. Divine, Roosevelt and World War II (1970); R. Sherwood (ed.), The White House Papers of Harry Hopkins (1948); H. L. Stimson and McGeorge Bundy, On Active Service in Peace and War (1947); C. Hull, The Memoirs of Cordell Hull (1948); A. B. Ulam, Stalin, the Man and His Era (1973); Guy Hentsch, Stalin négociateur: une diplomatie de guerre (1967); Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill(1979); E. Barker, Churchill and Eden at War (1978); C. de Gaulle, Mémoires de guerre, vol. 1: 1940–42, vol. 2: 1942–44, vol. 3: 1944–46(1954–59), English translation: War Memoirs (1955–60); Stephen E. Ambrose, Eisenhower: Soldier, General of the Army, President-Elect 1890–1952 (1984); N. Hamilton, Monty, vol. 1: The Making of a General 1887–1942 (1981), vol. 2: Master of the Battlefield 1943–44 (1983); R. Lewin, The Chief: Field Marshal Lord Wavell, Commander-in-Chief and Viceroy 1939–47 (1980); K. Sainsbury, The Turning Point: Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill 1943 (1985); E. Barker, British Policy in South-East Europe in the Second World War (1976); F. Kersaudy, Churchill and de Gaulle (1981); M. Kitchen, British Policy towards the Soviet Union during the Second World War(1986); A. M. de Zayas, Nemesis at Potsdam: The Anglo-Americans and the Expulsion of the Germans (1979).

ON THE FRINGES

Urs Schwarz, The Eye of the Hurricane: Switzerland in World War II (1980); F. G. Weber, The Evasive Neutral: Germany, Britain and the Quest for a Turkish Alliance (1979); R. A. Humphreys, Latin America in the Second World War, vol. 1: 1939–42 (1981), vol. 2: 1942–45 (1982); C. Falconi, Il silenzio di Pio XII (1965), English translation: The Silence of Pius XII (1970); S. Friedländer, Pius XII and the Third Reich (1966); Geoffrey Warner, Syria and Iraq 1941 (1974); Jean Stengers, Léopold III et le gouvernement: les deux politiques belges de 1940 (1980); D. G. Anglin, The St Pierre and Miquelon Affair of 1941 (1966).

ULTRA INTELLIGENCE

Peter Calvocoressi, Top Secret Ultra (1980); Patrick Beesly, Very Special Intelligence: The Story of the Admiralty’s Operational Intelligence Centre 1939–1945 (1977); J. Garlinski, Intercept: The Enigma War (1979); Gordon Welchman, The Hut 6 Story (1982); Ralph Bennett, Ultra in the West (1979); Aileen Clayton, The Enemy is Listening: The Story of the Y Service (1980); Andrew P. Hodges, Alan Turing: The Enigma (1983).

DECEPTION

C. G. Cruickshank, Deception in World War II (1979); David Mure, Master of Deception (1980); J. C. Masterman, The Double-Cross System (1971); E. Howe, The Black Game (1982).

NUREMBERG

Bradley F. Smith, The Road to Nuremberg (1980), Reaching Judgement at Nuremberg (1977); Anne and John Tusa, The Nuremberg Trial (1984); Robert E. Conot, Justice at Nuremberg (1983); Werner Maser, Nuremberg: Tribunal der Sieger (1977), English translation: A Nation on Trial(1979); Peter Calvocoressi, Nuremberg: The Facts, the Law and the Consequences (1947).

PERSONAL ANGLES

Christabel Bielenberg, The Past is Myself (1968); Ninetta Jucker, Curfew in Paris (1960); Gustav Herling, A World Apart (English translation from Polish 1951); Christopher Burney, Solitary Confinement (2nd edn 1984); Primo Levi, La tregua (1963), English translation: The Truce (1963), The Periodic Table (1984); Norman Lewis, Naples ’44 (1978); Curzio Malaparte, La pelle (1950), English translation: The Skin (1952); Goronwy Rees, A Bundle of Sensations (1960); M. Picard, Hitler in uns selbst (1946); S. Terkel, ‘The Good War’: An Oral History of World War II(1984); E. Newby, Life and War in the Apennines (1983).

Books: The Greater East Asia and Pacific Conflict

The Second World War was the first truly global conflict in the history of mankind. The notion that it began with the German invasion of Poland in September 1939 is widely believed but is, in fact, absurdly parochial and unhistorical. It is always difficult to draw arbitrary distinctions between events, their causes and the causes of the causes. Any such attempt is bound to introduce subjective elements, distortions, illusions. Obviously, we gain a measure of understanding from making the attempt. When we look closely at the Thirty Years War that occurred between 1618 and 1648, we find a cluster of small wars, each of which lasted a few years and involved separate sets of belligerents. Together they changed the political geography and social fabric of the European continent. It is no use isolating one or other of those small wars without bearing in mind their relationship to each other; it is no less nonsensical to believe that the concatenation of these events produces a comprehensible, single, seamless progression of cause and effect: each of those small wars had special features which can be appreciated only when looked at individually, others which stand out only when looked at as part of a collective experience. And so it was with the Second World War. From a half-century of more remote events sprang a succession of wars that began in East Asia with the outbreak of the Manchurian Incident in September 1931 and continued with little interruption until the surrender of Japan in September 1945. As that succession of wars intertwined with the history of the European War of 1939–45, the combined conflict came to justify its epic description as a ‘World War’. Those readers who wish to explore in greater detail some of the subjects this book has opened up may find useful the following suggestions for further reading.

PART I: ASIAN CONFLICT

General

A. P. Adamthwaite, The Making of the Second World War (London, 1977); G. C. Allen, Western Enterprise in Far Eastern Economic Development: China and Japan (London, 1954); W. G. Beasley, Japanese Imperialism, 1894–1945 (Oxford, 1987), The Modern History of Japan (New York, 1963); C. Beaton, Far East (London, 1945); G. Bienstock, The Struggle for the Pacific (Port Washington, NY, 1937); C. Browne, Tōjō: The Last Banzai (London, 1967); R. D. Burns and E. M. Bennett, Diplomats in Crisis: United States-Chinese-Japanese Relations, 1919–1941 (Santa Barbara, 1974); C. A. Buss, The Far East: A History of Recent and Contemporary International Relations in East Asia (New York, 1955); W. H. Chamberlin, Japan over Asia (London, 1938); A. S. Cochran (ed.), Magic: Diplomatic Summary, 8 vols. (New York, 1980); B. Collier, The Second World War: A Military History from Munich to Hiroshima (Gloucester, Mass., 1967); W. F. Craven and J. L. Cates, The Army Airforces in World War Two, 7 vols. (Chicago, 1948–58); P. Darby, Three Faces of Imperialism: British and American Approaches to Asia and Africa, 1870–1970 (New Haven, 1987); J. P. Davies, Dragon by the Tail: American, British, Japanese, and Russian Encounters with China and One Another (London, 1974); R. A. Dayer, Bankers and Diplomats in China, 1917–1925: The Anglo-American Relationship (Totowa, New Jersey, 1981); J. M. Dorwart, Conflict of Duty: The US Navy’s Intelligence Dilemma, 1919–1945 (Annapolis, 1983); J. W. Dower, Empire and Aftermath: Yoshida Shigeru and the Japanese Experience, 1878–1954 (Cambridge, Mass., 1979); P. Einzig, The Japanese ‘New Order’ in East Asia(London, 1943); J. K. Fairbank et al., East Asia: The Modern Transformation (Boston, 1965), and S. Y. Teng, China’s Response to the West (Cambridge, 1954); J. Gunther, Inside Asia (New York, 1939); S. Henny and J.-P. Lehmann (eds.), Themes and Theories in Modern Japanese History: Essays in Memory of Richard Storry (London, 1988); E. P. Hoyt, Japan’s War: The Great Pacific Conflict, 1853–1952 (London, 1987); E. R. Hughes, The Invasion of China by the Western World (London, 1937); R. Hughes, Foreign Devil: Thirty Years of Reporting in the Far East(London, 1972); S. Ienaga, Japan’s Last War: World War II and the Japanese, 1931–1945 (New York, 1978); T. Ishimaru, The Next World War (London, 1937); D. Kahn, The Codebreakers (New York, 1968); M. Kennedy, A History of Japan (London, 1963); R. Lewin, The American Magic: Codes, Ciphers and the Defeat of Japan (New York, 1982); Sir B. H. Liddell Hart, History of the Second World War (London, 1970); H. Michel, The Second World War (London, 1975); H. B. Morse, The International Relations of the Chinese Empire, 3 vols. (London, 1910–18), and F. H. McNair, Far Eastern International Relations (Boston, 1931); I. H. Nish, The Story of Japan (London, 1968); Sir J. T. Pratt, Before Pearl Harbour: A Study of the Historical Background to the War in the Pacific (London, 1944); C. R. Shepherd, The Case against Japan (London, 1939); B. Smith, The War’s Long Shadow: The Second World War and its Aftermath: China, Russia, Britain, America (London, 1986); R. H. Spector, Eagle Against the Sun: The American War with Japan (New York, 1985); G. R. Storry, A History of Modern Japan (London, 1960); J. Toland, The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936–1945 (New York, 1970); T. Troy, Donovan and the CIA: A History of the Establishment of the Central Intelligence Agency (Frederick, Maryland, 1983); United States Army: Headquarters, Far East Command, Military History Section, Japanese Research Division, Japanese Monographs, 185 vols. (Tokyo and Washington, DC, 1945–60); W. W. Willoughby, Japan’s Case Examined (Baltimore, 1940).

The Sino-Japanese Conflict, 1894–1927

R. F. Hackett, Yamagata Aritomo and the Rise of Modern Japan (Cambridge, Mass., 1971); S. R. MacKinnon, Power and Politics in Late Imperial China: Yuan Shi-kai in Beijing and Tianjin, 1905–1908 (Berkeley, 1980); H. B. Morse, The International Relations of the Chinese Empire, 3 vols. (London, 1910–18); M. Mutsu, Kenkenroku: A Diplomatic Record of the Sino-Japanese War, 1894–95 (Tokyo, 1982).

The Russo-Japanese War, 1904–5, and its Aftermath

K. Asakawa, The Russo-Japanese Conflict: Its Causes and Issues (London, 1904); M. Baring, With the Russians in Manchuria (London, 1905); R. V. C. Bodley, Admiral Togo (London, 1935); W. C. Braisted, Report on the Japanese Naval, Medical and Sanitary Features of the Russo-Japanese War to the Surgeon General (Washington, DC, 1906); Lord Brooke, An Eye Witness in Manchuria (London, 1905); R. Charques, The Twilight of Imperial Russia (London, 1958); E. L. V. Cordonnier, The Japanese in Manchuria, vols. I–II (London, 1912, 1914); R. Dua, The Impact of the Russo-Japanese War on Indian Politics (Delhi, 1966): T. E. Ewing, Between the Hammer and the Anvil? Chinese and Russian Policies in Outer Mongolia, 1911–1921 (Bloomington, Indiana, 1980); E. A. Falk, Togo and the Rise of Japanese Sea-Power (London, 1936); Great Britain, Committee of Imperial Defence, Official History (Naval and Military)of the Russo-Japanese War, 3 vols (London, 1910, 1912, 1920); R. F. Hackett, Yamagata Aritomo and the Rise of Modern Japan (Cambridge, Mass., 1971); Sir I. Hamilton, A Staff Officer’s Scrap Book during the Russo-Japanese War, 2 vols. (London, 1905, 1907); H. Hayashi, The Secret Memoirs (New York, 1915); R. Hough, The Fleet that Had to Die (London, 1958); D. James, The Siege of Port Arthur (London, 1905); A. Lloyd, Admiral Togo (Tokyo, 1905); A. Malazemoff, Russian Far Eastern Policy, 1881–1904 (Berkeley, 1958); N. A. McCully, The McCully Report: The Russo-Japanese War, 1904–05 (Annapolis, 1977); I. H. Nish, The Anglo-Japanese Alliance: The Diplomacy of the Two Island Empires, 1894–1907 (London, 1966); B. W. Norregaard, The Great Siege: The Investment and Fall of Port Arthur (London, 1906); S. Okamoto, The Japanese Oligarchy and the Russo-Japanese War (New York, 1970); D. Walder, The Short Victorious War: The Russo-Japanese Conflict, 1904–5 (London, 1973); J. M. Westwood, Witnesses of Tsushima (Tokyo, 1970); J. A. White, The Diplomacy of the Russo-Japanese War (Princeton, 1966).

Korea

G. A. Lenson, Balance of Intrigue: International Rivalry in Korea and Manchuria, 1884–1899, 2 vols. (Tallahassee, 1982); R. R. Swartout, Mandarins, Gunboats, and Power Politics: Owen Nickerson Denny and the International Rivalries in Korea (Honolulu, 1980).

The Post-War Settlement, Arms Limitation and Collective Security

R. L. Buell, The Washington Conference (New York, 1922); H. Bywater, Sea-Power in the Pacific: A Study of the American-Japanese Naval Problem (London, 1921); P. T. Etherton and H. H. Tiltman, Japan: Mistress of the Pacific? (London, 1933); A. Iriye, After Imperialism: The Search for a New Order in the Far East, 1921–1931 (Cambridge, Mass., 1965); T. Ishimaru, Japan Must Fight Britain (London, 1936); T. F. Mayer-Oakes, Fragile Victory: Prince Saionji and the 1930 London Treaty Issue from the Memoirs of Baron Harada Kumao (Detroit, 1968); F. Moore, America’s Naval Challenge (New York, 1929); S. E. Pelz, Race to Pearl Harbor: The Failure of the Second London Naval Conference and the Onset of World War II (Cambridge, Mass., 1974); E. S. Rubinow, Sino-Japanese Warfare and the League of Nations (Geneva, 1938); H. L. Stimson, The Far Eastern Crisis: Recollections and Observations (New York, 1936); G. E. Wheeler, Prelude to Pearl Harbor: The United States Navy and the Far East, 1921–1931 (Columbia, Missouri, 1963); G. Woodcock, The British in the Far East (London, 1969).

Japan and Manchuria

R. Bassett, Democracy and Foreign Policy: A Case History: The Sino-Japanese Dispute, 1931–1933 (London, 1952); J. D. Doenecke (ed.), The Diplomacy of Frustration: The Manchurian Crisis of 1931–1933 as Revealed in the Papers of Stanley K. Hornbeck(Stanford, 1981); F. C. Jones, Manchuria since 1939 (London, 1949); League of Nations, The Report of the Commission of Enquiry into the Sino-Japanese Dispute (Tokyo, n.d.), The Verdict of the League: China and Japan in Manchuria (Boston, 1933); G. A. Lenson, Balance of Intrigue: International Rivalry in Korea and Manchuria, 1884–1899, 2 vols. (Tallahassee, 1982), The Damned Inheritance: The Soviet Union and the Manchurian Crises, 1924–1935 (Tallahassee, 1974); G. McCormack, Chang Tso-lin in Northeast China, 1911–1928: China, Japan and the Manchurian Idea (Stanford, 1927); J. W. Morley ed., Japan Erupts: The London Naval Conference and the Manchurian Incident, 1928–1932 (New York, 1984); S. N. Ogata, Defiance in Manchuria: The Making of Japanese Foreign Policy, 1931–1932 (Berkeley, 1964); Y. P. Pickering, Japan’s Place in the Modern World(London, 1936); H. Pu-Yi, From Emperor to Citizen: The Autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Pu-Yi (Peking, 1965;OUP, 1987);G.B. Rea, The Case for Manchukuo (New York, 1935); J. A. B. Scherer, Manchukuo: A Bird’s-Eye View (Tokyo, 1933); E. B. Schumpeter et al., The Industrialization of Japan and Manchukuo, 1930–1940 (New York, 1940); P. S. Tang, Russia and Soviet Policy in Manchuria and Outer Mongolia, 1911–1931 (Durham, North Carolina, 1959); C. Thorne, The Limits of Foreign Policy: The West, the League and the Far Eastern Crisis of 1931–1933(London, 1972); United States Army: Headquarters, Far East Command, Military History Section, Japanese Research Division, Japanese Studies on Manchuria, 13 vols. (Tokyo and Washington, DC, 1945–56); W. W. Willoughby, The Sino-Japanese Controversy and the League of Nations(Baltimore, 1935); T. Yoshihashi, Conspiracy at Mukden: The Rise of the Japanese Military (New Haven, 1963); C. W. Young, Japan’s Special Position in Manchuria: Its Assertion, Legal Interpretation and Present Meaning (Baltimore, 1931).

Japanese Expansion in North China, 1934–7

China: Delegation to the League of Nations, Japanese Aggression and World Opinion, July 7 to October 7, 1937 (Geneva, 1938); China: Delegation to the Nine-Power Conference, Development of the Crisis in the Far East in the Last Six Years Brought About by Continuous Japanese Aggression against China (Brussels, 1938); Foreign Affairs Association of Japan, How the North China Affair Arose (Tokyo, 1937); J. W. Morley, ed., The China Quagmire: Japan’s Expansion on the Asian Continent, 1933–1941 (New York, 1983).

Chinese Internal Revolutions and Foreign Policy

R. W. Barnett, Economic Shanghai: Hostage to Politics, 1937–1941 (New York, 1941); S. de Beauvoir, The Long March (London, 1958); R. E. Bedeski, State-Building in Modern China: The Kuomintang in the Prewar Period (Berkeley, 1981); L. Bianco, The Origins of the Chinese Revolution, 1915–1949 (London, 1971); C. Brandt, Stalin’s Failure in China, 1924–1927 (London, 1958); E. F. Carlson, The Chinese Army: Its Organization and Military Efficiency (New York, 1940); A. B. Chan, Arming the Chinese: The Western Armaments Trade in Warlord China, 1920–1928 (Vancouver, 1982); K.-S. Chiang, A Summing Up at Seventy (London, 1957), China’s Destiny (London, 1947); O. E. Chubb, Twentieth Century China (New York, 1966); L. E. Eastman, Seeds of Destruction: Nationalist China in War and Revolution, 1937–1949 (Stanford, 1984); J. K. Fairbank (ed.), The Cambridge History of China: vol. XII, Republican China, 1912–1949, pt 1 (Cambridge, 1983), and A. Feuerwerker (eds.), The Cambridge History of China: vol. XIII, Republican China, 1912–1949, pt 2 (Cambridge, 1986); Great Britain: Admiralty, Naval Intelligence Division, China Proper: vol. II: Modern History and Administration (London, 1945); A. Isaac, The Tragedy of the Chinese Revolution(Stanford, 1938, 1951); F. C. Jones, Shanghai and Tientsin: With Special Reference to Foreign Interests (London, 1940); T. Kataoka, Resistance and Revolution in China: The Communists and the Second United Front (Berkeley, 1974); G. N. Kates, The Years that were Fat: Peking, 1933–40 (New York, 1952); D. Lary, Warlord Soldiers: Chinese Common Soldiers, 1911–1937 (Cambridge, 1985); ‘G. E. Miller’ [M. Fresco], Shanghai: Paradise of Adventurers (New York, 1937); R. Pelissier, Awakening of China, 1783–1949 (New York, 1967); M. N. Roy, Revolution in China (Calcutta, 1951); F. Schurmann and O. Schell (eds.), Republican China: Nationalism, War and the Rise of Communism, 1911–1949 (New York, 1967); B. Schwarz, Chinese Communism and the Rise of Mao (Cambridge, Mass., 1952); E. Snow, Red Star over China (London, 1937); L. W. Snow, Edgar Snow’s China: A Personal Account of the Chinese Revolution, compiled from the Writings of Edgar Snow (New York, 1981); A. N. Young, China and the Helping Hand, 1937–1945 (Cambridge, Mass., 1963), China’s Wartime Finance and Inflation, 1937–1945 (Cambridge, Mass., 1965).

Japanese Internal Revolutions and Foreign Policy

G. C. Allen, Japanese Industry: Its Recent Development and Present Condition (New York, 1940); M. A. Barnhart, Japan Prepares for Total War: The Search for Economic Security, 1919–1941 (Ithaca, 1987); W. G. Beasley, Modern Japan: Aspects of History, Literature and Society (London, 1975); G. M. Berger, Parties out of Power in Japan, 1931–1941 (Princeton, 1977); H. Byas, Government by Assassination (New York, 1943); E. E. N. Causton, Militarism and Foreign Policy in Japan (London, 1936); K. W. Colegrove, Militarism in Japan (Boston, 1936); L. Connors, The Emperor’s Adviser: Saionji Kinmochi and Pre-war Japanese Politics (London, 1987); J. B. Crowley, Japan’s Quest for Autonomy: National Security and Foreign Policy, 1930–1938 (Princeton, 1966); M. S. Farley, The Problem of Japanese Trade Expansion in the Post-war Situation (New York, 1940); W. Fleisher, Volcanic Isle (London, 1942); M. Hane, Emperor Hirohito and his Chief Aide-de-Camp: The Honjo Diary, 1933–36 (Tokyo, 1982); K. Harada, Saionji-Harada Memoirs (Tokyo, 1945–6); J. A. Harrison, Japan’s Northern Frontier: A Preliminary Study in Colonization and Expansion with Special Reference to the Relation of Japan and Russia (Gainsville, 1953); K. Haushofer, Japan bout sein Rich (Berlin, 1941); J. Herbert, Shinto: The Fountainhead of Japan (London, 1967); A. E. Hindmarsh, The Basis of Japanese Foreign Policy(Cambridge, Mass., 1930); S.-H. Hsu, Japan and the Third Powers, 4 vols. (Shanghai, 1941); T. Kase, Journey to the Missouri (New Haven, 1950); T. Kawai, The Goal of Japanese Expansion (London, 1938); K. K. Kawakami, Japan in China: Her Motives and Aims (London, 1938); Y. S. Kuno, Japanese Expansion in the Asiatic Continent (Berkeley, 1937); L. N. Kutakov, Japanese Foreign Policy on the Eve of the Pacific War: A Soviet View (Tallahassee, 1972); J. C. Lebra, Japan’s Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere in World War II: Selected Readings and Documents(Kuala Lumpur, 1975); D. J. Lu, From the Marco Polo Bridge to Pearl Harbor: Japan’s Entry into World War II (Washington, DC, 1961); J. M. Maki, Government and Politics in Japan: The Road to Democracy (London, 1962), Japanese Militarism: Its Cause and Cure (New York, 1945); M. Maruyama, Thought and Behaviour in Modern Japanese Politics (London, 1963); Y. C. Maxon, Control of Japanese Foreign Policy: A Study in Civil-Military Rivalry, 1930–1945 (Berkeley, 1957); M. J. Mayo (ed.), The Emergence of Imperial Japan: Self Defence or Calculated Aggression? (New York, 1970); R. H. Mitchell, Censorship in Imperial Japan (Princeton, 1983), Thought Control in Pre-war Japan (Ithaca, 1976); J. W. Morley, Dilemmas of Growth in Pre-war Japan (Princeton, 1971), The Fateful Choice: Japan’s Advance into Southeast Asia, 1939–1941 (New York, 1980); W. F. Morton, Tanaka Giichi and Japan’s China Policy (New York, 1980); T. Nakano, The Ordinance Power of the Japanese Emperor (Baltimore, 1923); I. H. Nish, The Story of Japan (London, 1968); I. Nitobe, Bushido: The Soul of Japan (Tokyo, 1969); R. A. Scalapino, Democracy and the Party Movement in Pre-war Japan: The Failure of the First Attempt (Berkeley, 1953); B.-A. Shillony, Revolt in Japan: The Young Officers and the February 26, 1936, Incident (Princeton, 1973); G. R. Storry, The Double Patriots: A Study of Japanese Nationalism (London, 1957), A History of Modern Japan (London, 1960); M. Shigemitsu, Japan and her Destiny (London, 1958); Takeuchi, War and Diplomacy in the Japanese Empire (Chicago, 1935); C. Thorne, Allies of a Kind: the United States, Britain and the War against Japan, 1914–1945 (London, 1978); H. H. Tiltman, The Far East Comes Nearer (London, 1936); D. A. Titus, Palace and Politics in Pre-war Japan (New York, 1974); S. Togo, The Cause of Japan (New York, 1956); M. Tokayer and M. Swartz, The Fugu Plan: The Untold Story of the Japanese and the Jews during World War II (London, 1979); O. D. Tolischus, Tokyo Record (London, 1943); G. O. Totten, The Social Democratic Movement in Pre-war Japan (New Haven, 1966); T. Uyeda, The Recent Development of Japanese Foreign Trade with Special Reference to Restriction Policies of Other Countries and Attempts at Trade Agreements (Tokyo, 1936); W. W. Willoughby, Japan’s Case Examined (Baltimore, 1940); A. M. Young, Imperial Japan, 1926–1938 (New York, 1938).

The China Incident, 1937–45

H. Abend, Chaos in Asia (London, 1940); C. Boyd, The Extraordinary Envoy: General Hiroshi Oshima and Diplomacy in the Third Reich, 1934–1939 (Washington, DC, 1980); J. H. Boyle, China and Japan at War, 1937–1945: The Politics of Collaboration(Stanford, 1972); G. E. Bunker, The Peace Conspiracy: Wang Ching-wei and the China War, 1937–1941 (Cambridge, Mass., 1972); H.-S. Ch’i, Nationalist China at War: Military Defeats and Political Collapse, 1937–1945 (Ann Arbor, 1982); China: Delegation to the League of Nations, Japanese Aggression and World Opinion, July 7 to October 7, 1937 (Geneva, 1938); China: Delegation to the Nine-Power Conference, Japanese Aggression and the Nine-Power Conference of Brussels, 2 pts (Brussels, 1937); China Information Committee, Organized Pillaging by Japanese (Hankow, 1938), Sino-Japanese Hostilities in North China: A Survey of the First Five Months of Armed Conflict North of the Yellow River (Hankow, 1937); A. D. Coox, Year of the Tiger (Tokyo, 1964); D. S. Detwiler and C. B. Burdick, War in Asia and the Pacific, 1937–1939: Japanese and Chinese Studies and Documents, 15 vols. (New York, 1980); E. M. Gunn, Unwelcome Muse: Chinese Literature in Shanghai and Peking, 1937–1945 (New York, 1980); L.-h. Hsu et al., History of the Sino-Japanese War, 1937–1945 (Taipei, 1971); F. C. Jones, Japan’s New Order in East Asia: Its Rise and Fall, 1937–1945 (London, 1954), Shanghai and Tientsin, with Special Reference to Foreign Interests (London, 1940); L. Li, The Japanese Army in North China, 1937–1941 (London, 1975); M. Lindsay, The Unknown War: North China, 1937–1945 (London, 1975); K. Miki and K. Hosokawa, Introductory Studies on the Sino-Japanese Conflict (Tokyo, 1941); J. W. Morley ed., The China Quagmire: Japan’s Expansion on the Asian Continent, 1933–1941 (New York, 1983); K. Nichi, Introductory Studies on the Sino-Japanese Conflict (Tokyo, 1941); R. Payne, Chungking Diary(London, 1945); H. S. Quigley, Far Eastern War, 1937–1941(Boston, 1942); H. J. Timperley, Japanese Terror in China (Freeport, New York, 1938); F. Utley, Japan’s Gamble in China (London, 1938); J. G. Utley, Going to War with Japan, 1937–1941 (Knoxville, 1985); D. Wilson, When Tigers Fight: The Story of the Sino-Japanese War, 1937–1945 (Viking, 1982).

British Commonwealth Interests and Policies in East Asia

H. T. V. Baker, The New Zealand People at War (Wellington, 1965); J. Bertram, The Shadow of a War (London, 1947); B. Bond (ed.), Chief of Staff: The Diaries of Lt.-General Sir Henry Pownall, 2 vols. (London, 1972, 1974); M. H. Brice, The Royal Navy and the Sino-Japanese Incident, 1937–41 (London, 1973); H. Burton and B. R. Pearn, The Far East, 1942–46 (London, 1955); R. A. Butler, The Art of the Possible (London, 1971); S. J. Butlin, The War Economy, 1939–1942 (Canberra, 1955); Lord Casey, Personal Experience, 1939–1946 (London, 1962); Lord Chatfield, It Might Happen Again (London, 1947); W. S. Churchill, The Second World War, 6 vols. (London, 1948–54); C. Clifford, Retreat from China: British Policy in the Far East, 1937–1941 (London, 1967); C. Cooke, The Life of Richard Stafford Cripps (London, 1957); Sir R. L. Craigie, Behind the Japanese Mask (London, 1946); Lord Cunningham, A Sailor’s Odyssey (London, 1951); H. Dalton, Memoirs, 1931–1945: The Fateful Years (London, 1957); A. L. P. Dennis, The Anglo-Japanese Alliance (Berkeley, 1923); D. Dilks (ed.), The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 1938–1945 (London, 1971); L. G. Elliott, A Role of Honour: The Story of the Indian Army (London, 1965); S. L. Endicott, Diplomacy and Enterprise: British China Policy, 1933–1937 (Manchester, 1975); E. Estorick, Stafford Cripps: A Biography (London, 1949); H. V. Evatt, Australia in World Affairs (Sydney, 1946); K. Feiling, The Life of Neville Chamberlain (London, 1977); I. S. Friedman, British Relations with China, 1931–1939 (New York, 1940); H. G. Gelber, Problems of Australian Defence (London, 1970); N. H. Gibbs et al., Grand Strategy, 6 vols. (London, 1957–76); M. Gilbert, The Roots of Appeasement (London, 1966); A. Gilchrist, Bangkok Top Secret (London, 1970); P. Gore-Booth, With Great Truth and Respect (London, 1974); E. M. Gull, British Economic Interests in the Far East (London, 1943); P. Haggie, Britannia at Bay: The Defence of the British Empire against Japan, 1931–1941(Oxford, 1981); J. Harvey (ed.), The Diplomatic Diaries of Oliver Harvey, 1937–1940 (London, 1970); F. H. Hinsley et al., British Intelligence in the Second World War: Its Influence on Strategy and Operations, 3 vols. (London, 1981–8); M. Howard, The Continental Commitment (London, 1972); Lord Ismay, Memoirs (London, 1960); M. D. Kennedy, The Estrangement of Great Britain and Japan, 1917–1935 (Manchester, 1969); Sir H. Knatchbull-Hugessen, Diplomat in Peace and War (London, 1949); R. and N. Lapwood, Through the Chinese Revolution (London, 1954); B. A. Lee, Britain and the Sino-Japanese War. 1937–1939 (London, 1973); R. Lewin, The Other Ultra (London, 1982); W. R. Louis, British Strategy in the Far East, 1919–1939 (Oxford, 1971); P. Lowe, Great Britain and the Origins of the Pacific War: A Study of British Policy in East Asia, 1937–1941 (Oxford, 1977); H. Macmillan, The Blast of War, 1939–1945 (London, 1967), Winds of Change, 1914–1939 (London, 1966); N. B. Mansergh, Documents and Speeches on British Commonwealth Affairs, 1931–1952 (London, 1953), Survey of British Commonwealth Affairs: Problems of External Policy, 1931–1939 (London, 1952), Survey of British Commonwealth Affairs: Problems of Wartime Co-operation and Postwar Change, 1931–1952 (London, 1958); A. J. Marder, Old Friends, New Enemies: The Royal Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy: Strategic Illusions, 1936–1941 (Oxford, 1981); W. N. Medlicott, The Economic Blockade, 2 vols. (London, 1952, 1959); R. G. Menzies, Afternoon Light (London, 1967); P. Moon (ed.), Wavell: The Viceroy’s Journal (London, 1973); I. Morrison, Malayan Postscript (London, 1942); I. H. Nish, The Anglo-Japanese Alliance: The Diplomacy of the Two Island Empires, 1894–1907(London, 1966), Alliance in Decline (London, 1972), (ed.) Anglo-Japanese Alienation, 1919–1952: Papers of the Anglo-Japanese Conference on the History of the Second World War (Cambridge, 1982); R. Ovendale, ‘Appeasement’ and the English-Speaking World (Cardiff, 1975); G. C. Peden, British Rearmament and the Treasury, 1932–1939 (Edinburgh, 1979); F. S. G. Piggott, Broken Thread (Aldershot, 1950); Sir J. Pratt, War and Politics in China (London, 1943); L. R. Pratt, East of Malta, West of Suez: Britain’s Mediterranean Crisis, 1936–1939 (Cambridge, 1975); R. J. Pritchard, Far Eastern Influences upon British Strategy towards the Great Powers, 1937–1939 (New York, 1987); R. Roskill, Hankey: Man of Secrets, vol. III, 1931–1963 (London, 1974), Naval Policy between the Wars, 2 vols. (London, 1968, 1976); B. E. V. Sabine, British Budgets in Peace and War, 1932–1945 (London, 1970); K. Sansom, Sir George Sansom and Japan: A Memoir (Tallahassee, 1972); A. Shai, Origins of the War in the East: Britain, China and Japan, 1937–39 (London, 1976); R. P. Shay, British Rearmament in the Thirties: Politics and Profits (Princeton, 1977); Lord Strang, At Home and Abroad (London, 1956); C. Thorne, Allies of a Kind: The United States, Britain and the War against Japan, 1941–1945 (London, 1978); A. Trotter, Britain and East Asia, 1933–1937 (Cambridge, 1977); A. Watt, Australian Diplomat (Sydney, 1972), The Evolution of Australian Foreign Policy (Cambridge, 1967); D. C. Watt, Personalities and Policies: Studies in the Formulation of British Policy in the Twentieth Century (London, 1965), Too Serious a Business (London, 1975); G. Wint, The British in Asia (New York, 1954); A. Wolfers, Britain and France between the Two Wars (New York, 1966); S. Woodburn Kerby et al., The War Against Japan, 5 vols. (London, 1957–69); Sir L. Woodward, British Foreign Policy in the Second World War (London, 1970–76).

German Interests and Policies in East Asia

K. Bloch, German Interests and Policies in the Far East (New York, 1940); H. von Dirksen, Moscow, Tokyo, London (London, 1951); J. P. Fox, Germany and the Far Eastern Crisis, 1931–1938: A Study in Diplomacy and Ideology (Oxford, 1982); F. W. Iklé, German-Japanese Relations, 1936–1940 (New York, 1956); V. Issraeljan and L. Kutakov, Diplomacy of Aggression: Berlin, Rome, Tokyo Axis: Its Rise and Fall (Moscow, 1970); H.-h. Liang, The Sino-German Connection: Alexander von Falkenhausen between China and Germany, 1900–1941 (Assen and Amsterdam, 1978); B. Martin, Die Deutsche Beraterschaft in China, 1927–1938: Militär-Wirtschaft-Aussenpolitik (Düsseldorf, 1981); J. M. M. Meskill, Hitler and Japan: The Hollow Alliance (New York, 1966); J. W. Morley et al., Deterrent Diplomacy: Japan, Germany, and the U.S.S.R., 1935–1940(New York, 1976); E. L. Presseisen, Germany and Japan: A Study in Totalitarian Democracy, 1933–1941 (The Hague, 1958); T. Sommer, Deutschland und Japan zwischen den Machten, 1935–1940: von Anti-Kominternpakt zum Dreimächtepakt (Tübingen, 1962).

French and Italian Interests and Policies in East Asia

J. Decoux, A la bane de l’lndochine (Paris, 1949); A. Hytier, Two Years of French Foreign Policy: Vichy, 1940–1942 (Geneva, 1958); J. Legrand, L’Indochine à l’heure japonaise (Cannes, 1963); R. Levy et al., French Interests and Policies in the Far East (New York, 1941); Marchand and Rollet, L’Indochine en guerre (Paris, 1954); Mordant, Au service de la France en Indochine (Saigon, 1950); G. Sabatier, Le destin de l’lndochine (Paris, 1952); F. Tamagna, Italy’s Interests and Policies in the Far East (New York, 1941).

American Interests and Policies in East Asia

G. Alperovitz, Atomic Diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam (London, 1966); C. A. Beard, President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War, 1941: A Study of Appearances and Realities (New Haven, 1945); T. A. Bisson, American Policy in the Far East, 1931–1941 (New York, 1941); J. M. Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries, 2 vols. (Boston, 1958, 1965); D. Borg, Historians and American Far Eastern Policy (New York, 1966), The United States and the Far Eastern Crisis of 1933–1938: From the Manchurian Incident through the Initial Stage of the Undeclared Sino-Japanese War (Cambridge, Mass., 1964), and S. Okamoto (eds.), Pearl Harbor as History: Japanese-American Relations (New York, 1973); R. J. C. Butow, Tōjō and the Coming of the War (Stanford, 1961), The John Doe Associates: Backdoor Diplomacy for Peace, 1941 (Stanford, 1974); J. F. Byrnes, Speaking Frankly (London, 1948); T. Campbell and G. Herring (eds.), The Diaries of Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., 1943–1946 (New York, 1975); C. L. Chennault, Way of a Fighter (New York, 1949); J. W. Christopher, Conflict in the Far East: American Diplomacy of China, 1928–33 (Leiden, 1950); S. Conn and B. Fairchild, The Framework of Hemisphere Defence (Washington, DC, 1960); R. Dallek, Franklin Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932–1945 (London, 1979); R. A. Divine, Roosevelt and World War II (Baltimore, 1969); E. R. Drachman, United States Policy toward Vietnam, 1940–1945 (Rutherford, New York, 1970); J. K. Emmerson, The Japanese Thread: A Life in the US Foreign Service (New York, 1978); M. S. Farley, American Far Eastern Policy and the Sino-Japanese War (New York, 1938); H. Feis, The China Tangle: The American Effort in China from Pearl Harbor to the Marshall Mission(Princeton, 1953), The Road to Pearl Harbor: The Coming of the War between the United States and Japan (Princeton, 1950); R. H. Fifield, Southeast Asia in United States Policy (New York, 1963); J. Forrestal, The Forrestal Diaries (New York, 1951); J. C. Grew, Report from Tokyo: A Message to the American People (New York, 1942), Ten Years in Japan (New York, 1944), Turbulent Era: A Diplomatic Record of Forty Years, 1904–1945, 2 vols. (Boston, 1952); A. W. Griswold, The Far Eastern Policy of the United States (New York, 1938); J. H. Herzog, Closing the Open Door: American-Japanese Diplomatic Negotiations, 1936–1941 (Annapolis, 1973); S. K. Hornbeck, The United States in the Far East (Boston, 1942); C. Hull, Memoirs, 2 vols. (London, 1948); M. H. Hunt, The Making of a Special Relationship: The United States and China to 1914 (New York, 1983); H. L. Ickes, The Secret War Diary of Harold L. Ickes, vol. III (London, 1955); A. Iriye, Across the Pacific: An Inner History of American-East Asian Relations (New York, 1967), Mutual Images: Essays in American-Japanese Relations (Cambridge, Mass., 1975), Power and Culture (Cambridge, Mass., 1981); E. J. King and W. Whitehill, Fleet Admiral King (London, 1953); R. Y. Koen, The China Lobby in American Politics (New York, 1974); W. Langer and S. E. Gleason, The Challenge to Isolation, 1937–1940 (New York, 1952), The Undeclared War, 1940–1941 (New York, 1953); D. W. Leahy, I Was There: A Personal Story of the Chief of Staff to Presidents Roosevelt and Truman (New York, 1950); J. Leutze (ed.), The London Observer: The Journal of General Raymond E. Lee (London, 1972); D. J. Lu, From the Marco Polo Bridge to Pearl Harbor: Japan’s Entry into World War II (Washington, DC, 1961); D. MacArthur, Reminiscences (New York, 1964); M. Matloff, Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 1943–1944(Washington, DC, 1959), and E. Snell, Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 1941–1942 (Washington, DC, 1953); H. Morgenthau, Jr, Diary: China, 2 vols. (Washington, DC, 1965); S. E. Morison, American Contributions to the Strategy of World War Two (London, 1958); J. W. Morley (ed.), The Final Confrontation: Japan’s Negotiations with the United States, 1941 (New York, forthcoming, 1989); L. Morton, Command Decisions: United States Army in World War Two (Washington, DC, 1962), Strategy and Command: The First Two Years (Washington, DC, 1962); Y. Nagai and A. Iriye (eds.), The Origins of the Cold War in Asia (Tokyo, 1977); A. Offner, American Appeasement (Cambridge, Mass., 1969); R. Ovendale, ‘Appeasement’ and the English-Speaking World (Cardiff, 1975); H. Perry, The Panay Affair: Prelude to Pearl Harbor, 8 vols. (New York, 1969); F. C. Pogue, George C. Marshall, 3 vols. (New York, 1964–73); W. D. Puleston, The Armed Forces of the Pacific: A Comparison of the Military and Naval Power of the United States and Japan (New Haven, 1941); A. Saxton, The Indispensable Enemy: Labor and the Anti-Chinese Movement in California(Berkeley, 1971); P. W. Schroeder, The Axis Alliance and Japanese-American Relations, 1941 (Ithaca, 1958); J. S. Service, The Amerasia Papers (Berkeley, 1971); R. E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History (New York, 1948); K. E. Shewmaker, Americans and Chinese Communists, 1927–1945 (Ithaca, 1971); D. M. Shoup, The Marines in China, 1927–1928: A Contemporaneous Journal (Hamden, Conn., 1987); G. Smith, American Diplomacy during the Second World War (New York, 1965); R. H. Spector, Eagle against the Sun: The American War with Japan (New York, 1985); H. L. Stimson, Far Eastern Crisis: Recollections and Observations (New York, 1936), and M. Bundy, On Active Service in Peace and War (New York, 1948); T. Tang, America’s Failure in China, 1941–50 (Chicago, 1962); J. C. Thomson et al., Sentimental Imperialists: The American Experience in East Asia (New York, 1981); C. Thorne, Allies of a Kind: The United States, Britain and the War against Japan, 1941–1945 (London, 1978); H. S. Truman, Memoirs: vol. 1, Year of Decisions, 1945 (London, 1955); B. Tuchman, Sand Against the Wind: Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911–45 (New York, 1970); T. V. Tuleja, Statesmen and Admirals: Quest for a Far Eastern Naval Policy (New York, 1963); United States: Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States: The Far East [annual vols.] (Washington, DC), Foreign Relations of the United States: Japan, 1931–1941, 2 vols. (Washington, DC, 1943); P. Varg, The Making of a Myth: The United States and China, 1897–1912 (East Lansing, 1968); M. S. Watson, Chief of Staff: Prewar Plans and Preparations (Washington, DC, 1950); S. Welles, A Time for Decision (London, 1944); R. D. Weston, Racism in U.S. Imperialism (Columbia, South Carolina, 1972); T. H. White (ed.), The Stilwell Papers (New York, 1948), and A. Jacoby, Thunder out of China (London, 1947); C. A. Willoughby and J. Chamberlain, MacArthur, 1941–51 (New York, 1954); J. E. Wiltz, From Isolation to War, 1931–1941 (London, 1969); R. Wohlstetter, Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision (Stanford, 1962); E. M. Zacharias, Secret Missions: The Story of an Intelligence Officer (New York, 1946).

Soviet Interests and Policies in East Asia

M. Beloff, Soviet Policy in the Far East, 2 vols. (London, 1953); O. Braun, A Comintern Agent in China, 1932–1939 (Stanford, 1982); O. E. Clubb, China and Russia: The Great Game (New York, 1971); A. D. Coox, The Anatomy of a Small War: The Soviet-Japanese Struggle for Changkufeng/Khasan (Westport, Conn., 1977), Nomonhan: Japan against Russia, 1939,2 vols. (Stanford, 1985); J. Degras, Soviet Documents on Foreign Policy, 3 vols. (London, 1953); H. Feis, Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin (Princeton, 1957); G. A. Lenson, The Strange Neutrality: Soviet-Japanese Relations during the Second World War, 1941–1945 (Tallahassee, 1972); H. Lupke, Japans Russlandpolitik von 1939 bis 1941 (Frankfurt, 1962); H. L. Moore, Soviet Far Eastern Policy, 1931–1945(Princeton, 1945); J. W. Morley, The Japanese Thrust into Siberia, 1918 (New York, 1957), (ed.) Deterrent Diplomacy: Japan, Germany, and the U.S.S.R., 1935–1940 (New York, 1976); G. D. R. Phillips, Russia, Japan and Mongolia (London, 1942); R. Swearington, The Soviet Union and Japan (Stanford, 1978); P. S. Tang, Russia and Soviet Policy in Manchuria and Outer Mongolia, 1911–1931 (Durham, North Carolina, 1959).

Indian Nationalism

J. G. Elliott, A Roll of Honour: The Story of the Indian Army, 1939–1945 (London, 1965); N. Mansergh et al., The Transfer of Power, 1942–1947, 12 vols. (London, 1970–83); P. Morn, Gandhi and Modern India (London, 1968); B. R. Nanda, Mahatma Gandhi(London, 1958); B. N. Pandey, The Break-Up of British India (London, 1969); B. R. Tomlinson, The Political Economy of the Raj, 1914–1947: The Economics of Decolonization in India (London, 1979).

PART II: OCEAN CLASH

The Outbreak of the Pacific War

L. Allen, Singapore, 1941–1942 (London, 1977); C. A. Beard, President Roosevelt and the Coming of the War (New Haven, 1948); T. Carew, The Fall of Hong Kong (London, 1960); S. Chapman, The Jungle is Neutral (London, 1949); D. Crisp, Why We Lost Singapore (Bombay, 1945); L. Falk, Seventy Days to Singapore: The Malayan Campaign, 1941–1942 (London, 1975); S. Falk, The March of Death (New York, 1962); R. Grenfell, Main Fleet to Singapore (London, 1951); P. Herde, Pearl Harbor, 7. Dezember 1941: Der Ausbruch des Krieges zwischen Japan und den Vereinigten Staaten und die Ausweitung des Europāischen Krieges zum Zweiten Weltkrieg (Darmstadt, 1980); R. Hough, The Hunting of Force Z (London, 1963); N. Ike, Japan’s Decision for War: Records of the 1941 Policy Conferences (Stanford, 1967); J. Leasor, Singapore: The Battle that Changed the World (London, 1968); W. Lord, Day of Infamy (London, 1957); G. Morgenstern, Pearl Harbor: The Story of the Secret War (New York, 1947); I. Morrison, Malayan Postscript (London, 1942); L. Morton, The Fall of the Philippines (Washington, DC, 1952); A. E. Percival, The War in Malaya (London, 1949); G. W. Prange, At Dawn We Slept (New York, 1981); B. Rauch, Roosevelt from Munich to Pearl Harbor (New York, 1950); C. P. Romulo, I Saw the Fall of the Philippines (London, 1943); D. Russell-Roberts, Spotlight on Singapore (London, 1965); I. Simson, Too Little, Too Late (London, 1970); Sir J. Smith, Percival and the Tragedy of Singapore(London, 1971); J. Toland, Infamy: Pearl Harbor and its Aftermath (London, 1982); H. L. Trefousse, What Happened at Pearl Harbor (New York, 1958); M. Tsuji, Singapore: The Japanese Version (London, 1962); United States Congress: Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack, Hearings and Report (Washington, DC, 1946); H. Wallin, Pearl Harbor: Why, How: Fleet Salvage and Final Appraisal (Washington, DC, 1968); R. Wohlstetter, Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision (New York, 1963); S. Woodburn Kirby, Singapore: The Chain of Disaster (London, 1971).

PARTS III–IV : THE GREATER EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC WAR

War Crimes and the Misconduct of War

J. and C. Blair, Return from the River Kwai (London, 1979); T. Bowden, Changi Photographer: George Aspinall’s Record of Captivity (Sydney, 1984); R. Braddon, The Naked Island (London, 1952); Committee for the Compilation of Materials on Damage Caused by the Atomic Bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Physical, Medical and Social Effects of the Atomic Bombings (London, 1981); H. Feis, The Atom Bomb and the End of the War in the Pacific (Princeton, 1961); J. Fletcher-Cooke, The Emperor’s Guest, 1942–45 (London, 1971); A. Girdner and A. Loftis, The Great Betrayal: The Evacuation of the Japanese-Americans during World War II (Toronto, 1969); C. V. Glines, Doolittie’s Tokyo Raiders (Princeton, 1964); E. Gordon, Miracle on the River Kwai (London, 1963); L. Groves, Now It Can Be Told (New York, 1962); M. Hachiya, Hiroshima Diary (Chapel Hill, 1955); R. Hammond, The Flame of Freedom (London, 1988); Lord Hankey, Politics, Trials and Errors (Oxford, 1950); J. Hersey, Hiroshima (New York, 1946); B. Jeffrey, White Coolies (Sydney, 1954); J. Lane, Summer Will Come Again: The Story of Australian POWS’ Fight for Survival in Japan (Fremantle, 1987); T. Lawson, Thirty Seconds over Tokyo (London, 1943); H. L. Leffelaar, Through a Harsh Dawn: A Boy Grows Up in a Japanese Prison Camp (Barre, Mass., 1963); C. Lemay, Mission with Lemay (Garden City, New York, 1966); C. Lucas, Prisoners of Santo Tomas (London, 1975); C. McCormac, You’ll Die in Singapore(London, 1956); J. Miller, Guadalcanal: The First Offensive (Washington, DC, 1949); R. H. Minear, Victors’ Justice: The Tokyo War Crimes Trial (Princeton, 1971); P. R. Piccigallo, The Japanese on Trial: Allied War Crimes Operations in the East, 1945–1951(Austin, 1979); Laurens van der Post, The Night of the New Moon (London, 1970); R. Prising, Manila, Goodbye (London, 1976); R. J. Pritchard and S. M. Zaide (eds.), The Tokyo War Crimes Trial: Index and Guide, 5 vols. (New York, 1981–7), The Tokyo War Crimes Trial: The Complete Proceedings of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, 22 vols. (New York, 1981); L. Rawlings and B. Duncan, And the Dawn Came Up Like Thunder (n.p., 1972); A. F. Reel, The Trial of Yamashita (Chicago, 1949); R. D. Rivett, Behind Bamboo: An Inside Story of the Japanese Prison Camps (Sydney, 1947); Lord Russell of Liverpool, The Knights of Bushido (London, 1958); C. Sleeman, Trial of Gozawa Sadaiichi and Nine Others (London, 1948), and S. C. Silkin, The ‘Double Tenth’ Trial (London, 1951); A. P. Staufer, The Quartermaster Corps: Operations in the War against Japan (Washington, DC, 1956); D. S. Thomas and R. S. Nishimoto, The Spoilage: Japanese-American Evacuation and Resettlement during World War II (Berkeley, 1946); J. Thomas, Exile Within: The Schooling of Japanese Americans, 1942–1945 (Cambridge, Mass., 1987); Y. Uchida, Desert Exile: The Uprooting of a Japanese American Family (Seattle, 1982); USSR, Materials on the Trial of Former Servicemen of the Japanese Army charged with Manufacturing and Employing Bacteriological Weapons (Moscow, 1950); F. J. P. Veale, Advance to Barbarism: The Development of Total Warfare from Sarajevo to Hiroshima (New York, 1959); L. Warner and J. Sandilands, Women Beyond the Wire (London, 1982); P. Williams and D. Wallace, Unit 731: The Japanese Army’s Secret of Secrets (London, 1989).

The War in the Pacific

H. Agawa, The Reluctant Admiral: Yamamoto and the Imperial Navy (Tokyo, 1979); R. Appleman et al., Okinawa: The Last Battle (Washington, DC, 1948); H. H. Arnold, Global Mission (New York, 1949); D. E. Barbey, MacArthur’s Amphibious Navy(Annapolis, 1969); J. H. and W. M. Belote, Titans of the Seas: The Development and Operations of American Carrier Task Forces during World War II (New York, 1975), Typhoon of Steel: The Battle for Okinawa (New York, 1969); C. Blair, Silent Victory: The US Submarine War against Japan (Philadelphia, 1975); T. E. Buell, The Quiet Warrior: A Biography of Admiral Raymond Spruance (Boston, 1974), Master of Seapower: A Biography of Admiral Ernest J. King (Boston, 1980); H. Cannon, Leyte: The Return to the Philippines (Washington, DC, 1954); R. W. Coakley and R. M. Leighton, Global Logistics and Strategy, 2 vols. (Washington, DC, 1955); R. H. Connery, The Navy and the Industrial Mobilization in World War II (Princeton, 1951); P. Crowl, Campaign in the Marianas (Washington, DC, 1960), and E. G. Lowe, Seizure of the Gilberts and Marshalls (Washington, DC, 1955); M. Dexter, The New Guinea Offensives (Canberra, 1961); P. S. Dull, A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941–1945 (Annapolis, 1978); G. C. Dyer, The Amphibians Came to Conquer: The Story of Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner, 2 vols. (Washington, DC, 1969); S. Falk, Decision at Leyte (New York, 1966); M. Fuchida and M. Okumiya, Midway: The Battle that Doomed Japan(Annapolis, 1955); K. R. Greenfield (ed.), Command Decisions (Washington, DC, 1960); B. Greenhill et al., The Second World War in the Pacific: Plans and Reality (London, 1974); S. Griffith, The Battle for Guadalcanal (New York, 1963); W. F. Halsey and J. Bryan, Admiral Halsey’s Story (New York, 1947); M. Hashimoto, Sunk: The Story of the Japanese Submarine Fleet (New York, 1954); P. Hasluck, The Government and the People, 1939–1941 (Canberra, 1956); S. Hayashi, with A. D. Coox, Kōgun: The Japanese Army in the Pacific War (Quantico, 1959); G. P. Hayes, The Joint Chiefs of Staff and the War against Japan (Annapolis, 1982); R. D. Heinl, The Defense of Wake (Washington, DC, 1947); W. Hoffman, The Seizure of Tinian(Washington, DC, 1950); C. W. Hoffmann, Saipan: The Beginning of the End (Washington, DC, 1950); W. J. Holmes, Double-Edged Secrets (Annapolis, 1979); A. Iriye, Power and Culture: The Japanese-American War, 1941–1945 (Cambridge, Mass., 1981); J. A. Isely and P. A. Crowl, The US Marines and Amphibious War (Princeton, 1951); M. Ito, The End of the Imperial Japanese Navy (London, 1962); D. C. James, The Years of MacArthur, 2 vols. (New York, 1972, 1975); E. J. King and W. Whitehill, Fleet Admiral King: A Naval Record(New York, 1952); R. Leckie, Strong Men Armed: The US Marines Against Japan (New York, 1962); D. Lockwood, Australia’s Pearl Harbour: Darwin, 1942 (Sydney, 1967); W. Lord, Incredible Victory (London, 1968); J. B. Lundstrom, The First South Pacific Campaign: Pacific Fleet Strategy, December 1941–June 1942 (Annapolis, 1976); W. Manchester, American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur, 1880–1964 (Boston, 1978); S. Milner, The War in the Pacific: Victory in Papua (Washington, DC, 1957); S. E. Morison, [Official] History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, 15 vols. (Boston, 1947–62); R. Newcomb, Iwojima (New York, 1965); M. Nichols and H. Shaw, Okinawa: Victory in the Pacific (Washington, DC, 1948); G. Odgers, The Air War against Japan, 1943–1945 (Canberra, 1957); M. Okumiya and J. Horikoshi, Zero (New York, 1956); C. M. Petillo, Douglas MacArthur: The Philippine Years (Bloomington, Indiana, 1981); F. C. Pogue, George C. Marshall: Ordeal and Hope, 1939–1942 (London, 1968), George C. Marshall: Organizer of Victory, 1943–1945 (New York, 1973); J. D. Potter, Admiral of the Pacific: The Life of Yamamoto (London, 1965), Nimitz (Annapolis, 1976); C. G. Reynolds, The Fast Carriers: The Forging of an Air Navy (New York, 1968); H. M. Smith and P. Finch, Coral and Brass (New York, 1949); R. R. Smith, The Approach to the Philippines (Washington, DC, 1953), Triumph on the Philippines(Washington, DC, 1963); S. Smith, The Battle of Sawa (New York, 1962); J. J. Stephen, Hawaii under the Rising Sun: Japan’s Plan for Conquest after Pearl Harbor (Honolulu, 1984); R. W. Tregaskis, Guadalcanal Diary (New York, 1962); A. J. Watts and B. G. Gordon, The Imperial Japanese Navy (London, 1971); A. C. Wedemeyer, Wedemeyer Reports! (New York, 1958); L. Wigmore, The Japanese Thrust: Australia in the War of 1939–1945 (Canberra, 1957); F. L. W. Wood, The New Zealand People at War: Political and External Affairs (Wellington, 1958); W. T. Y’Blood, Red Sun Setting: The Battle of the Philippine Sea (Annapolis, 1980); M. Yoshida, Requiem for Battleship Yamato (Seattle, 1985).

The War in South-East Asia

L. Allen, Burma: The Longest War, 1941–45 (London, 1984); M. A. Aziz, Japan’s Colonialism and Indonesia (The Hague, 1955); Ba Maw, Breakthrough in Burma (New Haven, 1968); A. J. Barker, The March on Delhi (London, 1963); H. Benda, The Crescent and the Rising Sun: Indonesian Islam under Japanese Occupation (New Haven, 1958); M. Collis, First and Last in Burma, 1941–48 (London, 1956); E. R. Drachman, United States Policy toward Vietnam, 1940–1945 (Rutherford, New York, 1970); R. L. Eichelberger, Our Jungle Road to Tokyo (New York, 1950); F. Eldridge, Wrath in Burma (New York, 1946); W. H. Elsbree, Japan’s Role in Southeast Asian Nationalist Movements, 1940–1945 (Cambridge, Mass., 1953); T. Friend, Between Two Empires: The Ordeal of the Philippines (New Haven, 1965); A. Gilchrist, Bangkok. Top Secret(London, 1970); L. E. Gleek, General History of the Philippines: V, vol. 1: The American Half-Century, 1898–1946 (Manila, 1984); A. W. H. Harterdorp, Japanese Occupation of the Philippines (Manila, 1967); D. Jajanama, Thailand im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Hamburg, 1970); J. Keats, They Fought Alone (London, 1964); J. Legrand, L’Indochine à l’heure japonaise (Cannes, 1963); Marchand and Rollet, L’Indochine en guerre (Paris, 1954); J. Masters, The Road Past Mandalay (New York, 1961); H. J. van Mook, The Netherlands Indies and Japan: Battle on Paper, 1940–41(New York, 1944), The Stakes of Democracy in South-East Asia (London, 1950); Mordant, Au service de la France en Indochine (Saigon, 1950); Sir L. Mountbatten, Report to the Combined Chiefs of Staff (London, 1951); A. W. McCoy (ed.), Southeast Asia under Japanese Occupation(New Heaven, 1980); M. Murray, Escape a Thousand Miles to Freedom (Sydney, 1965); T. Nu, Burma Under the Japanese (London, 1954); T. O’Brien, The Moonlight War: The Story of Clandestine Operations in South-East Asia, 1944–5 (London, 1987); C. Ogburn, The Marauders(London, 1960); W. Peers and D. Brelis, Behind the Burma Road: The Story of America’s Most Successful Guerrilla Force (Boston, 1963); J. D. Potter, A Soldier Must Hang: The Biography of an Oriental General (London, 1963); B. Prasad (ed.), Official History of the Indian Armed Forces in World War II: Defence of India: Policy and Plans (n.p., 1963), Indian War Economy: Supply. Industry and Finance (n.p., 1962); G. Sabattier, Le destin de l’Indochine (Paris, 1952); W. Slim, Defeat into Victory (London, 1956); S. Woodburn Kirby, The Reconquest of Burma, 2 vols. (London, 1958, 1961).

The War in China

A. Chennault, Chennault and the Flying Tigers (New York, 1963); C. L. Chennault, Way of a Fighter (New York, 1949); J. W. Esherwick (ed.), Lost Chance in China: The World War II Despatches of John S. Service (New York, 1974); H. Feis, The China Tangle: The American Effort in China from Pearl Harbor to the Marshall Mission (Princeton, 1953); L. L. Liu, A Military History of Modern China (Princeton, 1956); M. E. Miles, A Different Kind of War: The Little Known Story of the Combined Guerilla Forces Created in China by the US Navy and the Chinese during World War II (Garden City, New York, 1967); C. F. Romanus and R. Sunderland, Stilwell’s Mission to China, Stilwell’s Command Problems and Time Runs Out in CBI (Washington, DC, 1953, 1956, 1959); L. K. Rosinger, China’s Wartime Politics, 1937–1944 (Princeton, 1944); L. van Slyke (ed.), The Chinese Communist Movement: A Report of the United States War Department, July 1945 (Stanford, 1968); J. W. Stilwell, The Stilwell Papers(London, 1949); G. Stuart and A. Levy, Kind-Hearted Tiger (London, 1965).

The War in Japan

E. J. Drea, The 1942 Japanese General Election: Political Mobilization in Wartime Japan (Lawrence, Kansas, 1979); G. K. Goodman (ed.), L. de Asis, From Bataan to Tokyo: Diary of a Filipino Student in Wartime Japan, 1943–1944 (Lawrence, Kansas, 1979); B.-A. Shillony, Politics and Culture in Wartime Japan (Oxford, 1981); G. Terasaki, Bridge to the Sun (London, 1958).

Russo-Japanese Relations During the Second World War

J. W. M. Chapman, The Sorge Cover-Up (Brighton, 1980); F. W. Deakin and G. R. Storry, The Case of Richard Sorge (London, 1966); C. Johnson, An Instance of Treason: The Story of the Tokyo Spy Ring (Stanford, 1964); G. A. Lenson, The Strange Neutrality: Soviet-Japanese Relations during the Second World War, 1941–1945 (Tallahassee, 1972); C. A. Willoughby, Sorge: Soviet Master Spy (London, 1952).

The Surrender of Japan

L. Allen, The End of the War in Asia (London, 1976); L. Brooks, Behind Japan’s Surrender: The Secret Struggle that Ended an Empire (New York 1967); J. F. C. Butow, Japan’s Decision to Surrender (Stanford, 1954); W. Craig, The Fall of Japan (New York, 1967); H. Feis, Japan Subdued: The Atomic Bomb and the End of the War in the Pacific (Princeton, 1961); T. Kase, Journey to the Missouri (New Haven, 1950).

The Aftermath of the War

E. A. Ackerman et al., Japan’s Prospect (Cambridge, Mass., 1946); J. E. Auer, The Postwar Rearmament of Japanese Maritime Forces (New York, 1973); H. Baerwald, The Purge of Japanese Leaders under the Occupation (Berkeley, 1959); T. A. Bisson, Zaibatsu Dissolution in Japan(Berkeley, 1954); R. Buckley, Occupation Diplomacy: Britain, the United States and Japan, 1945–1952 (Cambridge, 1982); T. W. Burkman (ed.), The Occupation of Japan: Education and Social Reform (Norfolk, 1982), The Occupation of Japan: The International Context (Norfolk, 1982); J. F. Cady, P. G. Barnett and S. Jenkins, The Development of Self-Rule in Burma, Malaya and the Philippines, 3 vols. (New York, 1948); W. J. Coughlin, Conquered Press: The MacArthur Era in Japanese Journalism (1952); W. H. M. Creemers, Shrine Shinto after World War II(Leiden, 1968); R. Dingman, Documents on New Zealand External Relations: vol. II, The Surrender and Occupation of Japan (Wellington, 1982); F. S. V. Donnison, British Military Administration in the Far East, 1943–46 (London, 1956); R. Drifte, The Security Factor in Japan’s Foreign Policy, 1945–52 (London, 1983); R. Fifield, The Diplomacy of South-East Asia, 1945–1958 (New York, 1958); J. W. Gaddis, Public Information in Japan under American Occupation (Geneva, 1950); G. Goodman (ed.), The American Occupation of Japan: A Retrospective View(Lawrence, Kansas, 1968); E. M. Hadley, Anti-Trust in Japan (Princeton, 1970); R. K. Hall, Shushin: The Ethics of a Defeated Nation (New York, 1949); N. Ito, New Japan: Six Years of Democratisation (Tokyo, 1952); K. Kawai, Japan’s American Interlude (Chicago, 1960); D. MacIsaac, Strategic Bombing in World War II (New York, 1976), The United States Strategic Bombing Survey, 10 vols. (New York, 1976); E. Martin, The Allied Occupation of Japan (Stanford, 1948); J. D. Montgomery, Forced to be Free: The Artificial Revolution in Germany and Japan (Chicago, 1957); Y. Nagai and A. Iriye (eds.), The Origins of the Cold War in Asia (Tokyo, 1977); I. Nish (ed.), The British Commonwealth and the Occupation of Japan (London, 1983), and C. Dunn (eds.), European Studies on Japan (Tenterden, Kent, 1979); T. Nishi, Unconditional Democracy: Education and Politics in Occupied Japan, 1945–1952 (Stanford, 1982); E. W. Pauley, Report on Japanese Reparations to the President of the US, November 1945 to April 1946 (Washington, DC, 1948); J. C. Perry, Beneath the Eagle’s Wings: Americans in Occupied Japan (New York, 1980); L. H. Redford, The Occupation and its Legacy to the Post-war World (Norfolk, 1976); M. Schaller, The American Occupation of Japan: The Origins of the Cold War in Asia (London, 1985); W. Sebald with R. Brines, With MacArthur in Japan: A Personal History of the Occupation(New York, 1965); K. Tsurumi, Social Change and the Individual: Japan Before and After Defeat in World War II (Princeton, 1970); J. Williams, Japan’s Political Revolution under MacArthur: A Participant’s Account(Georgia, 1979); R. Wolfe (ed.), Americans as Proconsuls: United States Military Government in Germany and Japan (Carbondale, Illinois, 1984); W. P. Woodard, The Allied Occupation of Japan, 1945–52 and Japanese Religions (Leiden, 1972); S. Yoshida, The Yoshida Memoirs: The Story of Japan in Crisis (London, 1961); M. M. Yoshitsu, Japan and the San Francisco Peace Settlement (New York, 1982).