The author expresses his gratitude to all interviewees (listed below), and to the staffs of: The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders Regimental Museum and Regimental HQ; The Australian National War Memorial; The Imperial War Museum; The National Archive; The National Army Museum; and The Royal Marines Museum. I must also especially thank a number of persons for supplying me with information and/or images, permitting me to quote from their books, arranging contacts/interviews or otherwise rendering assistance. They are: John Ambler Alf Argent, Joe Bermudez, Sunny Choi, Graham Coster, David Brady, Vince Courtney, Bob Elliot, Frank Ellison, Frank Fallows, Chelsey Fox, Jack Gallaway, Edgar Green, Olwyn Green, Jack Harris, Kim Song-hwan, Andrei Lankov, Jean Main, Maria and Nicholas Man, Ben O’Dowd, Maurie Pears, Barry Reed, Tony Rooney, Shim Jae-hoon, Viscount John Slim and David Thomson. Finally, I must apologise to my wife and daughter for endless late nights and the paper-strewn chaos they lived amongst.
Oral Sources
1st Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders:
Author Interviews: Sir Alexander ‘Sandy’ Boswell, Andrew Brown, Edward ‘Ted’ Cunningham, Eric Gurr, Dr Douglas Haldane, Alan Lauder, Owen Light, Adam MacKenzie, Jake Mutch, Viscount John Slim, Sir James Stirling, Harry Young
Imperial War Museum (IWM) Interviews: Henry ‘Chick’ Cochrane (18453), Joseph Fairhurst (18347), Ralph Horsfield (17968), Richard Peet (18344), Robert Searle (18470), Roy Vincent (17987), David Wilson (18699), Ronald Yetman (18003)
1st Battalion, Middlesex Regiment:
Author Interviews: Don Barrett, James Beverly, Tony Bradley, Edgar Green, Ken Mankelow, Edward ‘Paddy’ Redmond, Barry Reed, Ray Rogers, Frank Screeche-Powell, Harry Spicer, Frank Whitehouse, Bob Yerby
IWM Interviews: Albert Avis (18746), Stanley Boydell (18625), Edwin ‘Ted’ Haywood (20268), Arthur ‘Nick’ Hutley (18205), Reverend William Jones (18733), Ralph Main (30400), Andrew Man (9537), John Pluck (17430), Dennis Rendell (19055), John Shipster (18443)
3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment:
Author Interviews: Alf Argent, Reg Bandy, Sir Phillip Bennett, David Butler, Stan Connelly, Jack Gallaway, Stan Gallop, Tom Muggleton, Ben O’Dowd, John ‘Lofty’ Portener, Ian ‘Robbie’ Robertson, William ‘Dusty’ Ryan, Mick Servos, Don Woods
Australian War Memorial Interviews: Leonard Opie
27th Brigade Headquarters:
Author Interview: Peter Baldwin. IWM Interview: Reggie Jeffes (17155)
41 Commando, Royal Marines:
Author Interviews: Teddy Allen, David Brady, Jack Edmonds, Geoff King, Ron Moyse, Gordon Payne, Peter Thomas, John Underwood, John Walter
IWM Interviews:
Andrew Condron (9693), Leslie Coote (14964), Fred Hayhurst (15576), Henry Langton (16761), Gersham Maindonald (16627), Michael O’Brien (13522), George Richards (9859), Edward Stock (16790), Raymond Todd (16656)
Others:
Author Interviews: Lyle Bradley, 1st US MARDIV Air Wing; Max Desfor, AP Photojournalist; Harry Gordon, Melbourne Sun reporter; Olywn Green, widow of Charles Green; Hahm Sock-young, ROK Army attacked 1st MARDIV; Kim Song-hwan, artist; John Lee, ROK Army attached 1st MARDIV; Lim Geum-sook, refugee; Robert Lunney, US Navy, SS Meredith Victory; Father Richard Rubie, 1st US MARDIV
Books
Anderson, RCB, History of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, 1st Battalion, 1939–1954, Edinburgh, 1956
Anon, Kim Il-sung, Condensed Biography, Pyongyang, 2001
Appleman, Roy, Disaster in Korea: The Chinese Confront MacArthur, Texas, 1989
Appleman, Roy, Escaping the Trap: The US Army X Corps in Northeast Korea, 1950, Texas, 1990
Appleman, Roy, South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu, Washington DC, 1992 edition
Brady, Dave, One of the Chosin Few: A Royal Marine Commando’s Fight for Survival Behind Enemy Lines in Korea, Essex, 2003
Brown, Andrew, A Memoir: From Music to Wars, Aberdeen, 2001
Cameron, James, Point of Departure, London, 1967
Carew, Tim, How the Regiments Got their Nicknames, London, 1974
Carew, Tim, The Korean War: The Story of the Fighting Commonwealth Regiments, London, 1967
Cunningham-Boothe, Ashley and Farrar, Peter (ed) British Forces in the Korean War, London, 1998
Department of the Army, Handbook on the Chinese Communist Army, Washington DC, 1952
Drury, Bob, and Clavin, Tom, The Last Stand of Fox Company, New York, 2009
Evans, Ben, Out in the Cold: Australia’s Involvement in the Korean War – 1950–53, Canberra, 2001
Farrar-Hockley, Anthony, The British Part in the Korean War, Volume 1: A Distant Obligation, London, 1990
Foley, James, Korea’s Divided Families: Fifty Years of Separation, London, 2003
Gallaway, Jack, The Last Call of the Bugle: The Long Road to Kapyong, Queensland, 1994
George, Alexander L, The Chinese Communist Army in Action: The Korean War and its Aftermath, New York, 1967
Goncharov, Sergei Nikolaevich, Lewis, John Wilson, Xue Yitai, Uncertain Partners: Stalin, Mao and the Korean War, Stanford, 1993
Green, Olwyn, The Name’s Still Charlie, Queensland, 1993
Halberstam, David, The Coldest Winter, New York, 2007
Hammel, Eric, Chosin: Heroic Ordeal of the Korean War, New York, 1981
Harris, Alfred ‘Jack,’ Only One River to Cross: An Australian Soldier Behind Enemy Lines in Korea, Canberra, 2004
Hayhurst, Fred, Green Berets in Korea, Cambridge, 2001
Hickey, Michael, The Korean War: The West Confronts Communism, New York, 2000
Higgins, Margueritte, War in Korea: The Report of a Woman Combat Correspondent, New York, 1951
Leary, William, H., Anything, Anywhere, Anytime: Combat Cargo in the Korean War, Washington DC, 2000
Li Xiao-bing, Alan Millet, Bin Yu, Mao’s Generals Remember Korea, Kansas, 2001
Mahoney, Kevin, Formidable Enemies: The North Korean and Chinese Soldier in the Korean War, New York, 2001
Malcolm, GI, The Argylls in Korea, Edinburgh, 1952
Millett, Allan, They Came from the North: The Korean War 1950–1951, Kansas, 2010
Mossman, Billy, The United States Army in the Korean War: Ebb and Flow, Washington DC, 1990
Neillands, Robin, By Sea and Land: The Story of the Royal Marine Commandos, London, 1987
O’Neill, Robert, Australia in the Korean War 1950–53 Volume II: Combat Operations, Canberra, 1985
Roe, Patrick, C., The Dragon Strikes: China and the Korean War, June–December, 1950, New York, 2000
Russ, Martin, Breakout: The Chosin Reservoir Campaign, Korea, 1950, New York, 1999
Salisbury, Harrison, The Long March: The Untold Story, New York, 1985
Shipster, John (ed), The Diehards in Korea (revised edition), Privately published, 1983
Shipster, John, Mist on the Rice Fields, Yorkshire, 2000
Spurr, Russell, Enter the Dragon: China’s Undeclared War Against the US in Korea, 1950–51, New York, 1988
Thomas, Peter, 41 Independent Commando R.M., Korea 1950–1952, Portsmouth, 1990
Thompson, Reginald, Cry Korea: The Korean War: A Reporters’ Notebook, London, 1951
Tucker, Spencer, C., (ed), Encyclopedia of the Korean War, New York, 2002
Tunstall, Julian, I Fought in Korea, London, 1953
Wilson, David, The Sum of Things, Kent, 2001
Wilson, Jim, Retreat, Hell! New York, 1988
Zhang Shu-guang, Mao’s Military Romanticism: China and the Korean War, 1950–1953, Kansas, 1995
Articles
Anon, ‘Argylls Ordeal in Bombing,’ Glasgow Herald, 25 September 1950
Anon, ‘B Coy, Sariwon and Pakchon,’ The Thin Red Line, January 1951
Anon, ‘Fighting Withdrawal in N.E. Korea: 41 Commando in Action with American Marines,’ Globe and Laurel, 1951.
Anon, Hansard, 23 January 1951
Anon, ‘Hill 282’ in The Thin Red Line, January 1951
Anon, ‘American Commentary,’ in The Thin Red Line, September 1951
Camp, Dick, ‘41 Independent Commando, Royal Marines,’ Leatherneck magazine, January, 2001
Charlesworth, NR, ‘Pakchon – 4 Platoon Commander,’ in Duty First: The Royal Australian Regiment Association, Spring 1997
Clark, LG, ‘Through OC A Coy’s Eyes,’ in Duty First, Spring 1997
Connor, Steve, ‘War, what is it Good for? It Made us less Selfish,’ The Independent, 5 June 2009
Dicker, MC, ‘Paddo to Pakchon,’ Duty First: The Royal Australian Regiment Association, Volume 2, Number 5, Spring 1997
Dowling, Chuck, ‘Task Force Drysdale: The Story of 41 Commando and their ‘Cousins’ the US Marines,’ http://www.chuckdowling.com
Driberg, Tom, ‘Commando Raid on North Korea,’ Reynolds News Service/Japan Times, 18 October 1950
Dwyer, John, B, ‘Any Purpose Designated,’ Naval History, May/June 1996
Edmonds, Jack, ‘SBS Operations in Korea, 1950–1951’ Croaker (magazine of the SBS), 2009
Goldstein, Richard, ‘Leonard La Rue, Rescuer in the Korean War, Dies at 87,’ New York Times, 22 October 2001
Gurr, Eric; Charlesworth, Chick; Meighan, John; A Hill in Korea, www.britains-smallwars.com
Hegarty, John, HMS Jamaica, Korean War Service,www.britains-smallwars.com
Jones, Peter C, le P, Argylls in Korea, www.britains-smallwars.com
Koone, Howard, W., ‘Fox Seven’ in Changjin Journal, 15 June 2000
Macleod, Angus, ‘Death on Hill 282,’ Sunday Mail, January 21 1993
Man, Andrew, The Naktong River and Middlesex Hill: September 1950, in Cunningham-Boothe and Farrar, op cit. 1998
Mansourov, Alexandre, ‘Stalin, Mao, Kim and China’s Decision to Enter the Korean War, September 16–October 15, 1950: New Evidence from the Russian National Archive,’ The Cold War International History Project Bulletin 6/7
Robson, Seth, ‘Korean War Battle of Kunu-ri Remembered,’ Stars and Stripes, 5 December 2004
Roe, P, ‘Interview with General OP Smith’ at www.chosinreservoir.com
Walden, Corporal JT, USMC, ‘British Royal Marines’ in Leatherneck magazine, reprinted in Globe and Laurel, 1952, p. 129.
Warner, Denis, ‘A Warm Quayside Welcome,’ the Daily Telegraph, 20 August 1950
Zabecki, David, Stand or Die; 1950 Defense of Korea’s Pusan Perimeter, www.armchairgeneral.com
Unpublished Letters
Douglas Drysdale to General WI Nonweiler, The Admiralty, 2 November 1950. Held in RM Museum Archive
Douglas Drysdale to General WI Nonweiler, The Admiralty, 24 November 1950. Held in RM Museum Archive
Douglas Drysdale to General WI Nonweiler, The Admiralty, 12 December 1950. Held in RM Museum Archive
Morton Silver (US Navy, attached 1st USMC) to author Robin Neillands, 28 October 1995. Held in Royal Marines Museum Archive
John Smallbridge to BH Gandevia, 12 June 1992. Passed to the author by Dr. Douglas Haldane
Unpublished Documents
Anon, USS Perch, Report of 1st War Patrol, 7 Oct. 1950. Held in Royal Marines Museum
Anon, War Diary, 1st Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. (Annotated by Don Barrett). Held in National Army Museum
Anon, War Diary, 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment. Held at Australian War Memorial, Canberra
Anon, War Diary, 27th British (later Commonwealth) Infantry Brigade. Held in Public Record Office, Kew, London
Barrett, Don, 1st Battalion The Middlesex Regiment, Duke of Cambridge’s Own, The Korean War, August 1950–May 1951, 2005. Copy held in National Army Museum (Note: This work was collated by Barrett from the battalion War Diary and Signals Log)
Bermingham, Sergeant Edward, Package of papers covering his memories of 1st Middlesex in Korea, 1992. Presentation copy to Don Barrett. Held in National Army Museum
Bentinck, Major VN, 41 Independent Commando RM and the US Presidential Citation, Held in Royal Marines Museum
Coad, Major General, Basil, Report on Operations of 27th Brigade 29 August–31 March 1951. Held in Public Record Office, Kew, London
Green, Olwyn, Max Eberle Interview, 2002. Held at Australian War Memorial
Green Olwyn, Tim Holt Interview, Undated. Held at Australian War Memorial
Hanson, Major Thomas, America’s First Cold War Army: Combat Readiness in the Eighth US Army, 1949–1950, 2006. PhD Thesis, Ohio State University
Pounds, Captain EGD, All in a Night’s Work: An Account of a Raid in Korea, September (sic) 1950, 1960. Held in Royal Marines Museum Willoughby, Major General John, Notebooks, 1950. Held in Imperial War Museum
Audio Visual Materials
Korea: The Unknown War, Thames Television, 1988
Combat Bulletin Nos 102, 105, 106 of the Armed Forces, US Department of Defense, 1950
War in Korea: Looking Back, Part 1 Holding on the Naktong, British Defense Film Library, 1979