Books
Astor, Gerald. Crisis in the Pacific: The Battles of the Philippine Islands by the Men Who Fought Them. Donald I. Fine, 1996.
Battle Stations!: Your Navy in Action. Unattributed compilation. William H. Wise & Co., 1946.
Blair, Clay, Jr. MacArthur. Pocket Books, 1977.
Cox, Robert Jon. The Battle off Samar: Taffy III at Leyte Gulf 2d ed. Ivy Alba Press, 2001. Available on the author’s website, www.bosamar.com.
Cutler, Thomas J., The Battle of Leyte Gulf: 23-26 October 1944. HarperCollins, 1994.
J. Doscher, Henry, Jr. Little Wolf at Leyte: The Story of the Heroic USS Samuel B. Roberts, DE 413, in the Battle of Leyte Gulf during World War II. Eakin Press, 1996.
Dull, Paul S., A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy (1941-45). Naval Institute Press, 1978.
Dunnigan, James F.,and Albert A. Nofi. Victory at Sea: World War II in the Pacific. William Morrow, 1995.
The Pacific War Encyclopedia. Facts On File, 1998.
Fahey, James J., Pacific War Diary, 1942-45. Houghton Mifflin, 1963.
Falk, Stanley L. Decision at Leyte. W W Norton, 1966.
Field, James A., Jr. The Japanese at Leyte Gulf: The Sho Operation. Princeton University Press, 1947.
Friedman, Norman. U.S. Destroyers: An Illustrated Design History. Naval Institute Press, 1982.
Halsey, William F.,and J. Bryan III. Admiral Halsey’s Story. McGraw-Hill, 1947.
Hara, Tameichi. Japanese Destroyer Captain. Ballantine, 1961.
Hopper, E.B. Foreword to Ships of the United States Navy: Christening, Launching and Commissioning. Navy Department, Naval History Division, 1975.
Howarth, Stephen. To Shining Sea: A History of the United States Navy, 1775-1991. Random House, 1991.
Hoyt, Edwin P., The Battle of Leyte Gulf. David McKay Co., 1972.
The Men of the Gambier Bay. Paul S. Eriksson, 1979.
Hurley, Vic. Jungle Patrol: The Story of the Philippine Constabulary. E. P. Dutton, 1938. www.bakbakan.com; last viewed by author Nov. 22, 2002.
Ito, Masanori, with Roger Pineau. The End of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Translated by Andrew Y. Kuroda and Roger Pineau. W. W. Norton, 1962.
Jernigan, Emory J. Tin Can Man. Vandamere Press, 1993.
Kernan, Alvin. Crossing the Line: A Bluejacket’s World War II Odyssey. Naval Institute Press, 1994.
Lawson, Robert, and Barrett Tillman. Carrier Air War: U.S. Navy Air Combat, 1939-46. MBI Publishing Co., 1996.
Layton, Rear Adm. Edwin T., USN (Ret.). “And I Was There”: Pearl Harbor and Midway—Breaking the Secrets. William Morrow, 1985.
Love, Robert W., Jr. History of the U.S. Navy, vol. 2: 1942–1991. Stackpole, 1992.
Macintyre, Donald. Leyte Gulf: Armada in the Pacific (Ballantine’s Illustrated History of World War II, no. 11). Ballantine, 1969.
Mahan, Alfred Thayer. Mahan on Naval Warfare. Little Brown , 1941.
Manchester, William. American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur, 1880-1964. Little, Brown, 1978.
Mason, Theodore C. Battleship Sailor. Naval Institute Press, 1982.
Miller, Nathan. War at Sea: A Naval History of World War II. Scribner, 1995.
Morison, Samuel Eliot. History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, vol. 3: The Rising Sun in the Pacific, 1931-April 1942. Little, Brown, 1948.
History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, vol. 8: New Guinea and the Marianas, March 1944-August 1944. Little, Brown, 1953.
History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, vol. 12: Leyte: June 1944-January 1945. Little, Brown, 1958.
History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, vol. 13: The Liberation of the Philippines: Luzon, Mindanao, the Visayas, 1944-45. Little, Brown, 1959.
The Two-Ocean War: A Short History of the United States Navy in the Second World War. Little, Brown, 1963.
Naylor, Roger C., The Rangefinder: Tarawa to Tokyo, Destroyer Squadron 47. Privately published, 2002.
Nichols, David , ed. Ernie’s War: The Best of Ernie Pyle’s World War II Dispatches. Random House, 1986.
O’Connor, Raymond , ed. The Japanese Navy in World War II. Naval Institute, 1969.
Potter, E.B. Nimitz. Naval Institute Press , 1976.
Bull Halsey. Naval Institute Press, 1985.
Prados, John. Combined Fleet Decoded: The Secret History of American Intelligence and the Japanese Navy in World War II. Random House, 1995.
Pratt, Fletcher. Fleet Against Japan. Harper & Bros, 1946.
Reneau, Patricia Sprague,and Courtney Sprague Vaughan. Remembered and Honored, Clifton A. F. “Ziggy” Sprague, Vice Admiral, USN, 1896-1955. Privately published, 1992.
Roscoe, Theodore. United States Destroyer Operations in World War II. United States Naval Institute, 1953. Abridged and released as Tin Cans: The True Story of the Fighting Destroyers of World War II. Bantam Books, 1960.
Schofield, William G. Destroyers—60 Years. Bonanza Books, 1962.
Spector, Ronald H. Eagle Against the Sun: The American War with Japan. Vintage, 1985.
At War at Sea: Sailors and Naval Combat in the 20th Century. Viking, 2001.
Spurr, Russell. A Glorious Way to Die: The Kamikaze Mission of the Battleship Yamato April 1945., Newmarket Press, 1981.
Stafford, Edward P. Little Ship, Big War: The Saga of DE 343. William Morrow, 1984.
Stewart, Adrian. The Battle of Leyte Gulf. Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1980.
Taylor, Theodore. The Magnificent Mitscher. W W. Norton, 1954.
Toland, John. The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936-45. 2 vols. Random House, 1970.
Ugaki, Matome. Fading Victory: The Diary of Admiral Matome Ugaki, 1941-45. Edited by Donald M. Goldstein andKatherine V. Dillon. Translated by Masataka Chihaya. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1991.
Van der Vat, Dan. The Pacific Campaign: The U.S.-Japanese Naval War, 1941-45. Simon & Schuster, 1991.
Vann Woodward, C. The Battle for Leyte Gulf. Macmillan, 1947.
Wooldridge, E. T , ed. Carrier Warfare in the Pacific: An Oral History Collection. Smithsonian History of Aviation Series. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993.
Wouk, Herman. War and Remembrance. Little, Brown, 1985.
Wukovits, John F. Devotion to Duty: A Biography of Clifton A. F. Sprague. Naval Institute Press, 1995.
Y’Blood, William T Red Sun Setting: The Battle of the Philippine Sea. Naval Institute Press, 1981.
The Little Giants: U.S. Escort Carriers Against Japan. Naval Institute Press, 1987.
Yoshida, Mitsuru. Requiem for Battleship Yamato. University of Washington Press, 1985.
Official Reports and Government Documents
Commander in Chief, United States Fleet. Top Secret—Ultra, Summary of Radio Intelligence, Oct. 21-26, 1944. National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Md.
Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet. Top Secret—Ultra Intercepts, Oct. 24, 1944 (242029), Oct. 25, 1944 (250739), Oct. 25, 1944 (252034). National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Md.
Commander Task Unit 77.4.2 (Commander Carrier Division 24). “Reoccupation of Leyte Island in the Central Philippines, during the period from 18 October 1944 to 29 October 1944, including the air-surface engagement with major units of the Japanese Fleet on 25 October 1944.” Serial 00114, Nov. 2, 1944.
“Addenda to Action Report.” Serial 00121, Nov. 8, 1944.
Commander Task Unit 77.4.3 (Commander Carrier Division 25). “Action Against the Japanese Main Body off Samar Island, 25 October 1944, Special Report of.” Serial 00100, Oct. 29, 1944.
“Action Report—Leyte Operations—12 October through 27 October 1944.” Serial 00110, Nov. 6, 1944.
Commander Task Unit 77.4.32 (Commander Carrier Division 26). “Action off Samar Island, 25 October 1944—Special Report.” Serial 00014, Oct. 28, 1944.
“Support of Leyte Operations, 12 October-1 November 1944; Comments and Conclusions.” Serial 0030A, Nov. 14, 1944.
Composite Squadron Three (VC-3), USS Kalinin Bay. Aircraft Action Report No. 113, Oct. 25, 1944.
Composite Squadron Four (VC-4), USS White Plains. Aircraft Action Reports Nos. 60, 61, 62, 62-A, 63, covering action on Oct. 25, 1944.
Composite Squadron Five (VC-5), USS Kitkun Bay. “Action with Enemy Surface Fleet on 25 October 1944—Observations and Comments of.” Serial 008, Oct. 31, 1944; Aircraft Action Reports [Enclosures H and I to USS Kitkun Bay Action Report, Oct. 28, 1944].
Composite Squadron Ten (VC-10), USS Gambier Bay. Aircraft Action Reports Nos. 2-B, 3-B, 4-B, 5-B, and 6-B, Oct. 25, 1944 (included with CTU 77.4.32 Action Report, Serial 0157, Nov. 18, 1944).
Composite Squadron Twenty (VC-20), USS Kadashan Bay. “Squadron Commander’s Report.” Serial 003, Oct. 31, 1944; Aircraft Action Reports Nos. 69 (Oct. 26, 1944), 70, 71 (Oct. 27), 72 (Oct. 31), 73, 74, 75 (Oct. 26).
Composite Squadron Twenty-One (VC-21), USS Marcus Island. Aircraft Action Reports Nos. 64, 65, 66, 67, all covering attacks against the Japanese Center Force on Oct. 25, 1944.
Composite Squadron Sixty-Five (VC-65), USS St. Lo. Aircraft Action Reports Nos. 30-44, 31-44 (Nov. 1, 1944), 32-44 (Nov. 6, 1944), 33-44, covering action on Oct. 25, 1944.
Composite Squadron Sixty-Eight (VC-68), USS Fanshaw Bay. “Combat Report of Action with Units of Jap Fleet from 0650 to 1015, 25 October 1944, made by Lt. Comdr. R. S. Rogers, USN.” Oct. 25, 1944; Aircraft Action Reports Nos. 30-35.
“Composite Squadron Sixty-Eight, history and accomplishments of.” Serial 012, Nov. 11, 1944.
“War Record of Composite Squadron 68.” Dec. 26, 1944.
Composite Squadron Seventy-Five (VC-75), USS Ommaney Bay. “Squadron Commander’s Action Report, 22 October to 30 October inclusive.” Nov. 3, 1944; Aircraft Action Reports Nos. 48, 49, 50, 51, Oct. 25, 1944.
Composite Squadron Seventy-Six (VC-76), USS Petrof Bay. Aircraft Action Reports Nos. 70, 71, Oct. 25, 1944.
“Supplement to ACA Report No. 70” and “Supplement to ACA Report 71,” Nov. 28, 1944.
Composite Squadron Eighty (VC-80, USS Manila Bay). “War Diary—Period 1 September 1944-31 October 1944.” Nov. 1, 1944.
Department of the Army, Office of the Chief of Military History. The United States Army in World War II (The War in the Pacific), Leyte: The Return to the Philippines. Edited by M. Hamlin Cannon. 1954.
DesDiv 94 (destroyers of the Taffy 2 screen, Task Unit 77.4.23), “Combined TBS Log, USS Haggard, USS Hailey, USS Franks, 0600 to 1200 Item, 25 October 1944,” in Serial 0105, USS Haggard Action Report, Enclosure A.
Navy Department. The Bluejacket’s Manual. U.S. Naval Institute, 1943.
Navy Department. Communiqué No. 554, “Teamwork, Gallantry Aboard Carriers Lauded by Sprague.” Nov. 17, 1944. Published in Honolulu Advertiser, Nov. 17, 1944.
Navy Department, Bureau of Aeronautics. Pilot’s Handbook of Flight Operating Instructions, Navy Model FM-2, British Model Wildcat VI Airplanes. AN 01-190FB-1, Jun. 15, 1945.
Navy Department, Bureau of Aeronautics, Training Division. Gunnery Sense: Some Hints for Air Gunners. May 1943.
Navy Department, Bureau of Naval Personnel, Standards and Curriculum Division, Navy Training Courses. Gunner’s Mate 2c. 2 vols. Government Printing Office, 1945.
Navy Department, Bureau of Ships and Bureau of Aeronautics. Radar System Fundamentals. Navships 900,017, Apr. 1944.
Navy Department, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Naval History Division, Dictionary of American Fighting Ships, vol. 3. 1968.
Navy Department, U.S. Pacific Fleet. Press release No. 641, Nov. 19, 1944.
USS Albert W. Grant (DD-649). “Action Report—Operations Against Central Philippines, Leyte Area, and Night Surface Action of 24-25 October against Japanese Task Force in Surigao Strait.” Serial 0106, Nov. 11, 1944.
USS Boise (CL-47). “Action in Surigao Strait on Morning of 25 October 1944, Report of.” Serial 069, Oct. 30, 1944.
USS Daly (DD-519). “Battle of Surigao Strait, October 25, 1944—Action Report.” Serial 078, Oct. 30, 1944.
USS Dennis (DE-405). Deck Log. Oct. 20-27, 1944.
USS Fanshaw Bay (CVE-70). “Action Report on Leyte—Philippine Islands Operation.” Serial 0160, Nov. 2, 1944.
“Action Report on Leyte—Philippine Islands Operation, supplemental report on.” Serial 0173, undated.
Ship’s Log, Oct. 25, 1944.
USS Gambier Bay (CVE-73). “Report of Action of U.S.S. Gambier Bay (CVE-73), culminating in its loss 25 October 1944.” Serial 002, Nov. 27, 1944.
“Narrative by Captain W. V. R. Vieweg, USN, Commanding Officer,” Dec. 18, 1944.
USS Haggard (DD-555). “Combined TBS Log, DesDiv 94” (USS Haggard, USS Hailey, USS Franks), 0600-1200.” Serial 0105, Oct. 25, 1944.
USS Hoel (DD-533). “Combined Action Report and Report of Loss of USS Hoel (DD-533) on 25 October 1944.” Serial 0050, Nov. 15, 1944.
USS John C. Butler (DE-339). “Action of 25 October 1944 off Samar Island—Report of.” Serial 003, Nov. 9, 1944.
USS Johnston (DD-557). “Action Report, Kwajalein Atoll.” Serial 03, Feb. 3, 1944.
“Action Report—Island of Guam.” Serial 024, Aug. 12, 1944.
“Action Report—Surface Engagement off Samar, P.I., 25 October 1944.” Serial 04, Nov. 14, 1944.
USS Kadashan Bay (CVE-76). “Action Report—Leyte Island, Philippine Islands.” Serial 066, Oct. 31, 1944.
USS Kalinin Bay (CVE-68). “Action Report of 25 October 1944—Engagement with Enemy Units East of Leyte, P.I.” Serial 094, Oct. 30, 1944.
USS Kitkun Bay (CVE-71). “Surface Action Report—Submission of.” Serial 005, Oct. 28, 1944.
USS LCI(G)-340. Deck Log. Oct. 1944.
USS LCI(G)-341. Deck Log. Oct. 1944.
USS LCI(L)-337. “Report on Rescue Search Mission of 25 October through 27 October.” Nov. 2, 1944. www.bosamar.com/lci337.html; last viewed by author Jan. 19, 2001.
USS Ommaney Bay (CVE-79). “Action Report—Period 14-31 October 1944—Leyte Island Landing and Sea Action off Samar Island (25 October 1944).” Serial 0018, Nov. 3, 1944.
USS PC-623, Deck Log. Oct. 25-28, 1944.
USS PC-623 (Task Group 78.12). War Diary. Oct. 25-27, 1944.
USS Petrof Bay (CVE-80). “Action Report covering the period from 20-30 October 1944 during which the Petrof Bay, as part of TU 77.4.1, furnished Direct Air Support for the landings at Leyte Island in the Central Philippines and participated in the Battle with the Jap Surface Forces off Samar on 25 October 1944.” Serial 052, Nov. 2, 1944.
USS Raymond (DE-341). “Action Report—Leyte Gulf Operation and Samar Battle.” Serial 142, Nov. 2, 1944.
USS St. Lo (CVE-63, formerly USS Midway). “Action Report, Battle of Samar.” Nov. 23, 1944.
USS Samuel B. Roberts (DE-413). “Combined Action Report, Surface Engagement off Samar, Philippine Islands, and Report of Loss of USS Samuel B. Roberts, DE-413, on 25 October 1944.” Nov. 20, 1944.
Amplifying Report of Lt. William S. Burton, USNR. Prepared at the request of the Office of Naval Records and Library, Film No. 313, recorded Dec. 16, 1944.
USS West Virginia (BB-48). “Action in Battle of Surigao Strait, 25 October 1944, Report of.” Serial 0538, Nov. 1, 1944.
USS White Plains (CVE-66). “USS White Plains (CVE-66), Action Report of: Attack on Central Philippine Islands, 17 October-25 October 1944.” Serial 0011, Oct. 27, 1944.
United States Strategic Bombing Survey. Interrogation of Vice Adm. Takeo Kurita [commander of Center Force], USSBS No. 47, Tokyo, Oct. 16-17, 1945.
Interrogation of Cdr. Kokichi Mori [torpedo officer, Southern Force (Vice Adm. Shima)], USSBS No. 233, Tokyo, Nov. 3, 1945.
Interrogation of Cdr. Tonosuke Otani [Center Force staff operations officer], USSBS No. 437, Tokyo, Nov. 24, 1945.
Newspaper, Magazine, and Internet Articles
Arnold, O. Carroll, “Come on Boys, Let’s Get ’em.” Yankee, Dec. 1984, p. 78.
Ash, Leonard D., and Martin Hill. “In Harm’s Way.” Retired Officer, Oct. 1994: www.bosamar.com/harms.html; last visited by author Jan. 19, 2001.
Associated Press. “Tiny U.S. Carrier Force Routs Jap Squadron.” Nov. 30, 1944.
Baker, A. D. “Battlefleets and Diplomacy: Naval Disarmament Between the Two World Wars.” Warship International, no. 3, 1989: www.warships1.com/W-INRO/INRO_Battlefleet.htm; last visited by author Feb. 12, 2003.
Baldwin, Hanson W “4 Small U.S. Ships, Lost, Averted a Possible Philippines Disaster.” New York Times, Nov. 15, 1944, p. 1.
Brown Shipbuilding Company [Houston, Tex.]. “Samuel B. Roberts, Built at Brownship, Meets Death of Hero in Philippines.” Brown Victory Dispatch, Nov. 25, 1944, p. 1.
“He Saw Roberts Help Save Day Off Samar.” Brown Victory Dispatch, Dec. 16, 1944, p. 1.
“Samuel B. Roberts Hit Jap Cruiser in Torpedo Attack.” Brown Victory Dispatch, Jan. 13, 1945, p. 2.
Cutler, Thomas J. “Greatest of All Sea Battles.” Naval History, Sept./Oct. 1994, p. 10.
Czarnecki, Joseph. “Were the Best Good Enough?: The Performance of Japanese Surface Forces in Torpedo Attack versus the Expectations of the Decisive Battle Strategy.” www.warships1.com/W-Tech/tech-067.htm, Apr. 16, 2000; last visited by author Feb. 12, 2003.
“Performance of U.S. Battleships at Surigao Strait.” www.warships1.com/W-Tech/tech-079.htm, Jul. 16, 2001; last visited by author July 21, 2001.
Deac, Wilfred P. “The Battle off Samar.” American Heritage, Dec. 1966, p. 20.
Dickinson, Cdr. C. E., with Boyden Sparkes. “Plug That Last Rat Hole.” Saturday Evening Post, Jan. 27, 1945, p. 12.
DiGiulian, Tony. “Definitions and Information about Naval Guns.” www.warships1.com/Weapons/Gun_Data.htm, Jun. 7, 2001; last visited by author July 21, 2001.
DiGiulian, Tony, and Lloyd D. Morris. “Distance to the Horizon.” www.warships1.com/W-Tech/tech-011.htm, Apr. 18, 2001; last visited by author Jul. 21, 2001.
Farris, James W. “Tacloban.” Friends Journal, vol. 20, no. 1, Spring 1997; reprinted in USS St. Lo (CVE-63)/VC-65 Newsletter, vol. 35, Feb. 1998, p. 25.
Forester, C. S. “The Great Naval Battle of the Philippines.” Saturday Evening Post, Jan. 20, 1945, p. 18.
Hackett, Bob. “Senkan!: IJN Kongo: Tabular Record of Movement.” www.combinedfleet.com/kongo.htm; last visited by author Feb. 13, 2003.
“Senkan!: IJN Haruna: Tabular Record of Movement.” www.combinedfleet.com/haruna.htm; last visited by author Feb. 13, 2003.
Hagen, Robert C, as told to Sidney Shalett. “We Asked for the Jap Fleet—and Got It!” Saturday Evening Post, May 26, 1945, p. 9.
Hall, M. Royce. Letter to the editor, CVE Piper (newsletter of the Escort Carrier Sailors & Airmen Association, Inc.), Dec/Jan. 1999, p. 1.
Hathaway, Cdr. Amos T, USN. “The Battle as I Saw It,” American, Apr. 1945, p. 41.
Hayostek, Cindy. “Valor off Samar” (about Lt. Cdr. Edward Huxtable, VC-10), World War II, Sept. 1998. www.thehistorynet.com/WorldWarII/articles/1998/09982_text.htm; last visited by author May 23, 2001.
“Edward J. Huxtable.” www.ussgambierbay-vc10.com/officerbackground/hux.htm; last visited by author Oct. 3, 2001.
Hemingway, Al. “The Real MacArthur” (interview with Roger Olaf Egeberg, M.D., Douglas MacArthur’s personal physician). World War II, Sept. 2000. www.thehistorynet.com/WorldWarII/articles/2000/09002_1text.htm; last visited by author May 23, 2001.
Honolulu Advertiser, “Teamwork, Gallantry Aboard Carriers Lauded by Sprague.” Nov. 17, 1944.
Hubbard, Lucien. “Scrub Team at Tacloban.” Reader’s Digest, Feb. 1945, p. 8; originally published in Liberty magazine.
Jennings, Ed. “Crosley’s Secret War Effort: The Proximity Fuze.” www.warships1.com/W-Tech/tech-075.htm, Feb. 1, 2001; last visited by author Feb. 12, 2003.
Jurens, William J. “The Evolution of Battleship Gunnery in the U.S. Navy, 1920-1945,” pts. 1-2. Warship International, no. 3, 1991. www.warships1.com/W-INRO/INRO_BB-Gunnery_p1.htm; last visited by author Feb. 13, 2003.
Koyanagi, Tomiji. “The Battle of Leyte Gulf,” in The Japanese Navy in World War II, Raymond O’connor, ed. U.S. Naval Institute Press, 1969.
Levy, Allison M. “USS PC 623 Crewmen Recall Taffy 3 Rescue.” Patrol Craft Sailors Association Newsletter, no. 34, Oct./Dec. 1996. www.bosamar.com/pc623.html; last visited by author Jan. 19, 2001.
MacDonald, Scot. “Small Boys off Samar: ‘… Survival Could Not Be Expected.’” Surface Warfare, Feb. 1980, p. 13.
“In the Footsteps of Brave Men: USS Samuel B. Roberts Commissioned.” Surface Warfare, Mar./Apr. 1986, p. 2.
McAvoy, John. “Hathaway Leaves the Citadel.” Brigadier (newspaper of The Citadel), Jan. 19, 1979. Courtesy of the Citadel Archives & Museum, Charleston, S.C.
McKenna, Michael F. (son of Capt. Francis McKenna, USS St. Lo). “A Brief Summary of the Battle off Samar and Tribute to Clifton A. F. Sprague.” Address delivered at memorial ceremony, Ft. Rosecrans National Cemetery, Pt. Loma, San Diego, Calif., Oct. 25, 1994. Courtesy of Courtney Sprague Vaughan.
McMurtry, Charles H. “Battle of Philippines: Trapped U.S. Fleet Stands Off Japs.” Associated Press, Nov. 24, 1944.
Mitchell, John. “Remembering the Battle of Leyte Gulf.” Thousand Oaks (Calif.) News Chronicle, Oct. 25, 1987, p. 13.
Mullener, Elizabeth. “Remembrances of World War II: The Battle for Leyte Gulf.” New Orleans Times-Picayune, Oct. 26, 1994, p. 1.
Okun, Nathan. “Underwater Projectile Hits.” Sept. 7, 1999. www.warships1.com/W-Tech/tech-041.htm; last visited by author Feb. 13, 2003.
Ottenheimer, Eldon. “Why Powerful Jap Fleet Failed to Sink Small U.S. Force Remains Mystery,” Dallas Times, Nov. 1, 1944.
Pasadena Star-News, “Pasadena Flyer Sighted Strong Jap Task Force, Aided in Historic Battle.” Jan. 1, 1945.
Reynolds, Quentin, George E. Jones, Frank D. Morris, and Ralph Teatsorth. “America’s Greatest Naval Battle.” Collier’s, three-part series, Jan. 13, 1945, p. 11; Jan. 20, 1945, p. 18; Jan. 27, 1945, p. 18.
Roby, Richard. “Stories of Two Taffy III Airmen.” USS St. Lo (CVE-63) VC-65 Newsletter, vol. 34, Sept. 1997. Originally published in Old Shipmates, newsletter of the USS Gambier Bay Survivors Association, May/Aug. 1995.
Slover, Gene. “The Mark 1 Fire Control Computer.” www.warships1.com/W-Tech/tech-056.htm, May 29, 2000; last visited by author Feb. 12, 2003.
“Roll, Pitch and Yaw: Fire Control Problems and Mark 1/1A Solutions.” www.warships1.com/W-Tech/tech-074.htm, July 6, 2000; last visited by author Feb. 12, 2003.
Sprague, Rear Adm. C.A.F., as told to Lt. Philip H. Gustafson. “The Japs Had Us on the Ropes.” American, Apr. 1945, p. 40.
Tully, Anthony P. “Shell Game at Surigao: The Entangled Fates of Battleships Fuso and Yamashiro.” www.combinedfleet.com/atully06.htm. Posted Jun. 15, 1999; last visited by author Apr. 24, 2003.
“Solving Some Mysteries of Leyte Gulf: Fate of the Chikuma and Chokai.” Warship International, no. 3, 2000, p. 248.
USS St. Lo/VC-65 Association. “History of Composite Squadron 65 (VC-65).” www.stlomidway6365.org/squadron/history.html; last visited by author May 6, 2001.
Welch, Stuart. “1200 Survivors of U.S. Carrier ‘Gambier Bay,’ Sunk in Philippines, Arrive in S.F.” San Francisco Chronicle, Dec. 2, 1944, p. 3. Courtesy of George Bray.
Whitney, Harold E. “The Battle of Samar.” Our Navy, Nov. 1, 1946, p. 12.
“World Battlefronts” (news summary on the Leyte campaign). Time, Nov. 6, 1944, p. 26.
Wright, David Curtis. “Ensigns H. L. Jensen, W C. Brooks, and the Beginning of the Battle off Samar, 25 October 1944.” Unpublished manuscript. Courtesy of David Curtis Wright, University of Calgary, March 2003.
Eyewitness Accounts—Unpublished or Privately Published
[Individuals are identified by their rank or rating as of Oct. 25, 1944.]
Bedard, C. K. [AMM3, USS Kitkun Bay]. Excerpt from journal, Oct. 14-31, 1944. Courtesy of Michelle Bedard.
Brown, Joseph [USS Gambier Bay]. “Account of Joseph Brown.” www.ussgambierbay-vc10.com/leytegulf_reports/survivors.htm; last visited by author Dec. 30, 2001.
Budnick, Larry, and Wayne Hammett [Lts. (jg), VC-65, USS St. Lo]. “S-Q-U-A-D-R-O-N” [narrative history of pilot training and VC-65]. Undated. Courtesy of William C. Brooks, Jr.
Carlsen, Verner [Chaplain, USS Gambier Bay]. “Account of Verner Carlsen.” www.ussgambierbay-vc10.com/leytegulf_reports/survivors.htm; last visited by author Dec. 30, 2001.
Ciolek, John S. [AOM2, VC-65, USS St. Lo]. “What Did You Do During the War, Daddy?” Undated narrative. Courtesy of Les Shodo.
Copeland, Robert W, Rear Adm., USNR [Lt. Cdr., USS Samuel B. Roberts], with Jack E. O’Neill and Richard K. Rohde, eds. The Spirit of the Sammy B. 1950. USS Samuel B. Roberts Survivors Association, 2000.
Cordner, William F. [Lt. (jg), USS Gambier Bay]. www.ussgambierbay-vc10.com/leytegulf_reports/survivors.htm; last visited by author Dec. 30, 2001.
DeSpain, Bob [S1, USS Hoel]. Personal narrative. Undated.
Dix, John C. W [Lt., USS Hoel]. Missing off Samar. 1949, reissued by Pocahontas Press, 2000.
Farris, James W “The St. Lo—A Story of Survival.” Undated. Courtesy of William C. Brooks, Jr.
Fetridge, Arthur E. [Lt. Cdr., USS Kalinin Bay]. “To the Men on the Kalinin Bay.” Oct. 30, 1944.
Fluke, R. W [AOM3, USS Fanshaw Bay], rewritten by C. L. Wright. “The Fighting Fanny Bee” [prose poem]. Courtesy of M. Royce Hall.
Frenn, Willard [GM1, USS Hoel]. Personal narrative. Undated.
Gibson, W R. “VC-65 Personnel History, Before and After October 25, 1944.” Undated. Courtesy of William C. Brooks, Jr.
Goheen, Leo Carl [S1, USS St. Lo]. “The Sinking of the USS St. Lo, CVE-63.” Undated. Courtesy of William C. Brooks, Jr.
Green, Maurice Fred [Lt., USS Hoel]. “Fred Green Report.” www.ussjohnston-hoel.bigstep.com/generic.html?pid=31; last visited by author Feb. 16, 2003.
Harrington, Joe. [USS Fanshaw Bay]. “Turn On the Lights,” personal narrative. Undated. From the collection of Elden L. McClintock.
Hobbs, Bishop [Air Dept., USS Gambier Bay]. “Account of Bishop Hobbs.” www.ussgambierbay-vc10.com/leytegulf_reports/survivors.htm; last visited by author Dec. 30, 2001.
Holloway, James L., III [Lt., USS Bennion]. “The Battle of Surigao Straits.” Address to the Naval Historical Foundation’s Leyte Gulf Symposium, Oct. 22, 1999. www.navyhistory.org/whats_new/holloway.htm; last visited by author Mar. 4, 2003.
Kanaskie, Adam [Electrical Dept., USS Gambier Bay]. “Account of Adam Kanaskie.” www.ussgambierbay-vc10.com/leytegulf_reports/survivors.htm; last visited by author Dec. 30, 2001.
Katsur, William [F1, USS Samuel B. Roberts]. Untitled narrative. Undated (c. 1994).
Keeler, George H., Jr. [Lt., USS Kalinin Bay]. “Memories of the USS Kalinin Bay (CVE 68).” Jun. 17, 1988. www.bosamar.com/keeler.html; last visited by author Jan. 19, 2001.
Lamar, Hal. I Saw Stars: Some Memories of Commander Hal Lamar, Fleet Admiral Nimitz’s Flag Lieutenant, 1941-45. Admiral Nimitz Foundation, 1985.
Lewis, David A. “Life in the Navy During World War II, 1942 through 1945.” Undated. Courtesy of David A. Lewis.
Lewis, David A. “Rest in Peace, Eddie” [on the death of Eddie Thrasher, AMM2, USS Fanshaw Bay]. Nov. 12, 2001. Courtesy of David A. Lewis.
Mackay, Donald E. [Lt. (jg), USS St. Lo]. Letter to Michael F. McKenna. May 20, 1982. Courtesy of Donald E. Mackay.
Mallgrave, Fred J. [Ens., USS Gambier Bay]. “Account of F. J. Mallgrave.” www.ussgambierbay-vc10.com/leytegulf_reports/survivors.htm; last visited by author Dec. 30, 2001.
McClintock, Elden L. [Ship’s Historian, USS Fanshaw Bay]. “Turn on the Lights.” Undated narrative. Courtesy of Elden L. McClintock.
McKay, Keith, ed. At Rest 4,000 Fathoms Under the Waves, USS Hoel, DD 533 [collecting many survivors’ narratives]. USS Johnston/Hoel Association, 1990.
McKenna, Capt. Francis J., USN [Capt., USS St. Lo]. “Narrative of Events Concerning Loss of USS St. Lo (CVE 63).” www.bosamar.com/slloss.html; last visited by author Feb. 16, 2003.
Mercer, Bill [S1, USS Johnston]. “GQ Johnny: A Very Short Story.” Undated narrative. Courtesy of Bill Mercer.
Mercer, Bill, and Bob Chastain, eds. The Fighting and Sinking of the USS Johnston (DD-557) as Told by Her Crew [collecting many survivors’ narratives]. USS Johnston/Hoel Association, 1991.
Moore, Jack [Ens., USS Samuel B. Roberts]. “A Japanese Admiral’s Dream Come True.” Nov. 1944.
Murphy, James [Lt. j.g., VC-3, USS Kalinin Bay]. “I Remember,” Spinning a Yarn (USS Kalinin Bay/VC-3 Association newsletter). March 1999, p. 14.
Nickless, F. P. [QM, USS St. Lo]. “The Battle off Samar Four Days Later—One Man’s Story.” Oct. 29, 1944. Courtesy of William C. Brooks, Jr.
Parkin, Glenn H. [S1, USS Hoel]. “Historical Account of Glenn H. Parkin.” www.ussjohnston-hoel.bigstep.com/generic.html?pid=48; last visited by author Feb. 15, 2003.
Phillips, D. H. [Chaplain, USS Heermann]. God Rode Destroyer ‘X.’ Privately published, 1956.
Pierson, Verling W. [Lt., USS Fanshaw Bay]. “Fighting Fanny Bee.” Oct. 27, 1944. Courtesy of Robert C. Hagen.
Rabenstein, Maynard [RM2, USS Dennis]. “Invasion of the Philippine Islands (Leyte).” www.bosamar.com/rabenstein.html; last visited by author Feb. 17, 2003.
Raynor, Gilbert S. [AGM2, VC-5, USS Kitkun Bay]. “Notes on Battle off Samar.” www.bosamar.com/account.html; last visited by author Jan. 19, 2001.
Roberts, Everett E. [Lt., USS Samuel B. Roberts]. Autobiographical narrative (unabbreviated version). Feb. 15, 1995. Courtesy of William Katsur.
Shodo, Leslie [AMM2, VC-65, USS St. Lo]. “Diary of Leslie Shodo.” Oct. 1-Nov. 29, 1944. Courtesy of Les Shodo.
Short, Winston B. [SM3, USS St. Lo] “St. Lo Experience—Memories of Oct. 25, 1944.” Undated narrative (ca. June 2003). Courtesy of Winston B. Short.
Sisul, Joe [GM1, USS Fanshaw Bay]. “Navy Days.” 2001. Courtesy of Elden L. McClintock.
Sochor, Bob [S1, USS Johnston]. “Come Hell and High Water.” Apr. 14, 1991. www.bosamar.com/sochor.html; last visited by author Jan. 19, 2001.
Sprague, Clifton A. F. [Rear Adm., Task Unit 77.4.3 (Taffy 3)]. Handwritten marginalia in his copy of The Battle for Leyte Gulf by
C. Vann Woodward. Courtesy of John F. Wukovits.
Urbanski, Stanley R., ed. [S1, USS Heermann]. History of USS Heermann, 1943-46, ‘Destroyer X’ [collecting many survivors’ narratives]. USS Heermann Survivors Association, 1988.
USS Gambier Bay & VC-10 survivors’ accounts. www.ussgambierbay-vc10.com/leytegulf_reports/survivors.htm. Includes accounts by Earl Bagley, James Ball, Joseph Brown, Verner Carlsen, William Cordner, Wayne Galey, Charles Heinl, Bishop Hobbs, Andy Judd, Adam Kanaskie,
William Kroger, W. E. Lynch, William McClendon, F. J. Mallgrave, Marshall L. Mitchell, Donald Topczewski, Michael Towstick, Louis Vilmer. Last visited by author Feb. 16, 2003.
USS St. Lo Association. Attack on the St. Lo [featuring the artwork of John M. Downs]. USS St. Lo CVE-63/VC-65 Association.
Van Brunt, Thomas B. [Lt., VC-65, USS St. Lo]. “October 25, 1944: A Day to Remember.” Undated. Courtesy of William C. Brooks, Jr.
“A Bird’s-Eye View of History’s Greatest Naval Battle: The Battle for Leyte Gulf, October 24 and 25, 1944.” Speech given to the Rotary Club of Tallahassee, Florida, Aug. 30, 1995. Courtesy of Thomas B. Van Brunt.
Welch, Ellsworth [Lt. (jg), USS Johnston]. Untitled Memorial Day address. May 30, 1994. Courtesy of Ellsworth Welch.
Whitney, Harold [CY, USS Heermann]. Untitled narrative. Jan. 7, 2003. Courtesy of Harold Whitney.
Wood, Russell [Lt. (jg), VC-4, USS White Plains]. “Memoir of Battle.” www.bosamar.com/vc4bat.html; last visited by author Feb. 21, 2003.
Videotapes
“Destroyer Escorts of the 1940s and 1950s.” Traditions Military Video.
“Great Lakes Naval Training Center: Navy Boot Camp in the 1940s.” Traditions Military Video.
“Leyte Gulf Battle—Veterans.” Courtesy of Hank Pyzdrowski, USS Gambier Bay Survivors Association, 1977.
“Navy Man in the 1940s.” Traditions Military Video.
“Showdown at Leyte Gulf” [documentary]. A&E Home Video, 1993.
“Taffy 3 Remembered” [footage of the dedication of the Taffy 3 Memorial in San Diego, with cut-ins of battle footage]. Traditions Military Video.
“USS Kalinin Bay CVE-68/VC-3 Pilots & More” [interviews with personnel from Composite Squadron Three]. Courtesy of Elmer T Glenn, USS Kalinin Bay Survivors Association.
Interviews
Archer, Earl “Blue,” Lt. (jg), VC-3, USS Kalinin Bay, Nov. 10, 2001.
Barrett, Myles, Lt. (jg), USS Hoel, Jan. 30, 2002.
Bassett, Burt, Lt., VC-10, USS Gambier Bay, Mar. 16, 2001.
Bebb, Edwin, Lt., USS Heermann, May 27, 2002.
Branham, Bill, S1, USS Samuel B. Roberts, Mar. 16, 2001.
Bray, George, S1, USS Samuel B. Roberts, Apr. 13-14, 2001.
Breeding, Ed, Ens., VC-65, USS St. Lo, Apr. 16, 2001.
Brooks, Bill, Ens., VC-65, USS St. Lo, Mar. 18, 27-28, 2001; Mar. 11, 2002.
Budnick, Larry, Lt. (jg), VC-65, USS St. Lo, Apr. 4, 2001.
Carter, Clint, GM2, USS Johnston, Sept. 18, 2001.
Chastain, Bob, S1, USS Johnston, Oct. 1, 2001.
Chastain, Bob, interview by Ronald E. Marcello, University of North Texas Oral History Collection, Aug. 2, 1994. Transcript courtesy of Bob Chastain.
Cochran, Jesse, Lt. (jg), USS Johnston, Nov. 6, 2001.
Comet, Bud, S1, USS Samuel B. Roberts, Jan. 15, 2002.
Copeland, Harriet, widow of Lt. Cdr. Robert W. Copeland, USS Samuel B. Roberts, Feb. 12, 2001.
Correll, Jim, GM1, USS Johnston, Oct. 25, 2001.
Crawforth, Holly, RT2, USS St. Lo, Mar. 27, 2001.
Cuming, Bill, Ens., USS Gambier Bay, Dec. 30, 2001.
DiGardi, Ed, Lt. (jg), USS Johnston, Apr. 17-18, 2001.
Dodd, Peggy Carr, sister of Paul Henry Carr, GM3, USS Samuel B. Roberts, Apr. 10, 2002.
Downs, Joe, AOM3, VC-65, USS St. Lo, Apr. 27, 2001.
Durfee, Bud, USS Kalinin Bay, May 24, 2001.
Getas, John, AOM3, USS St. Lo, Apr. 18, 2001.
Gifford, Earl, ARM1, VC-68, USS Fanshaw Bay, Jul. 13, 2002.
Goodrich, Vince, SOM3, USS Samuel B. Roberts, Jan. 29, 2002.
Hagen, Robert C, Lt., USS Johnston, May 22, 2001.
Hall, M. Royce, AOM1, VC-68, USS Fanshaw Bay, May 2, 2002.
Hammett, Wayne, Lt. (jg), VC-65, USS St. Lo, Apr. 11, 2001.
Hartley, Suzanne, daughter of Lt. Cdr. Robert W. Copeland, USS Samuel B. Roberts, Feb. 12, 2002.
Heric, E. Don, SM2, USS Gambier Bay, Sept. 14, 2001.
Hippe, Kenneth, Lt. (jg), VC-3, USS Kalinin Bay, May 26, 2001.
Hollenbaugh, Robert, BM1, USS Johnston, Oct. 14, 2001.
Hood, Clarence, QM3, USS Hoel, Jan. 21, 2002.
Johnson, Allen, EM1, USS Johnston, Oct. 31, 2001.
Katsur, William, F1, USS Samuel B. Roberts, Mar. 11, 2003.
Kight, Harold L., SC3, USS Fanshaw Bay, May 26, 2001.
Lewis, Steve, son of Dave Lewis, GM2, USS Johnston, Sept. 12, 2001.
Lucas, Sam, S1, USS Hoel, Jan. 31, 2002.
Lupo, Thomas J., Lt (jg), VC-68, USS Fanshaw Bay, Sept. 29, 2001.
Mercer, William, S1, USS Johnston, Apr. 1, 2001.
Mostowy, John, Cox, USS Johnston, Sept. 12, 2001.
Moylan, Dudley, Ens., USS Samuel B. Roberts, Jul. 25, 2002.
Murry, William, MaM3, USS Fanshaw Bay, Oct. 8, 2001.
Pace, John E., Lt. Cdr., USS John C. Butler, interview by John F. Wukovits. Nov. 15, 1993. Transcript courtesy of John F. Wukovits.
Pehl, Milt, USS Johnston, Oct. 8, 2001.
Randles, Dale, MM1, USS Johnston, Sept. 6, 2001.
Reneau, Patricia Sprague, daughter of Rear Adm. Clifton A. F. Sprague, interviewed in “Taffy 3 Remembered” videotape, Oct. 24, 1996.
Rhodes, Harold “Dusty,” S1, USS Johnston, Oct. 30, 2001.
Roby, Richard, Lt., VC-10, USS Gambier Bay, Feb. 28, 2002.
Rogers, Richard S., Lt. Cdr., VC-68, interview by John F. Wukovits. 1993. Transcript courtesy of John F. Wukovits.
Rohde, Richard, RM2, USS Samuel B. Roberts, Mar. 15, 2001.
Steinberg, Julius, Lt. (jg), USS Heermann, Apr. 16, 2001. Stevenson, Thomas, Lt. (jg), USS Samuel B. Roberts, Mar. 16, 2001. Thompson, Derrill, CRM, USS Hoel, Feb. 2, 2002. Turner, Morris, S1, USS Kalinin Bay, May 24, 2001. Van Brunt, Thomas B., Lt., VC-65, USS St. Lo, Mar. 15, 2001. Welch, Ellsworth, Lt. (jg), USS Johnston, Oct. 31, 2001. Whitney, Harold, CY, USS Heermann, Jan. 31, 2003. Yusen, Jack, S2, USS Samuel B. Roberts, Jan. 13-15, 2002.
Correspondence
Archer, E. L. (“Blue”) [Lt. (jg), VC-3, USS Kalinin Bay]. Letter to William Long, USS Kalinin Bay Survivors Association, April 2001. Courtesy of Blue Archer.
Bacon, Betty [widow of Robert Bacon, USS Johnston]. Letter to author, Sept. 15, 2001.
Beagle, Clayton [USS John C. Butler]. Letter to author, Mar. 18, 2001.
Bray, George [S2, USS Samuel B. Roberts]. Correspondence with shipmates, responses to Battle off Samar questionnaire, various dates, 1984.
Brooks, William C, Jr. [VC-65, USS St. Lo]. Letters and e-mails to author, various dates.
Budnick, Larry [Lt. (jg), VC-65, USS St. Lo]. E-mails to author, various dates.
Canter, Shelton Carl. Letter to Mrs. John S. LeClercq, Dec. 22, 1945. From the collection of Robert LeClercq.
Carew, Robert E. [SM1 (flag), USS Fanshaw Bay]. Letter to Harold Kight, Mar. 14, 1986. Courtesy of Harold Kight.
Chambers, Ray [USS Samuel B. Roberts]. Letter to Geroge Bray, undated (probably 1984). See Bray Correspondence with shipmates above. Courtesy of George Bray.
Copeland, Robert W [Lt. Cdr., USS Samuel B. Roberts]. Letters to William Katsur, Apr. 24, 1945, and Dec. 27, 1945.
Downs, Joseph A. [AOM3, VC-65, USS St. Lo]. Letter to author, Apr. 20, 2001.
Follmer, Frank [CM1, USS Fanshaw Bay]. Letters to Harold Kight, Mar. 11, 1986, and Apr. 10, 1986.
Getas, John [AOM3, USS St. Lo]. Letter to author, Apr. 23, 2001.
Glenn, Elmer T. [USS Kalinin Bay]. Letter to author, Apr. 23, 2001.
Glocheski, Virgil [Lt. (jg), USS Fanshaw Bay]. Letters to Harold Kight, Jun. 14, 1986, and Sept. 6, 1986. Courtesy of Harold Kight.
Hagen, Robert C. [Lt., USS Johnston]. Letter to author, May 1, 2001.
Letter to Naval History magazine, Dec. 28, 1999.
Hall, M. Royce [AOM1, VC-68, USS Fanshaw Bay]. Letters and e-mails to author, various dates.
Letter to Henry A. Pyzdrowski, Jan. 14, 1988; published in Heritage, newsletter of the Heritage Foundation of the USS Gambier Bay and VC-10, Oct. 1988, p. 17.
Letter to James H. Flatley, Jul. 1997. Courtesy of Royce Hall.
Harrington, Joe C. [USS Fanshaw Bay]. Letter to Harold Kight, Mar. 10, 1986. Courtesy of Harold Kight.
Harrington, Red [BM1, USS Samuel B. Roberts]. Letter to George Bray, received May 22, 1984. Courtesy of George Bray.
Jacobs, Vice Adm. Randall, Western Union Telegram to Mr. and Mrs. John S. LeClercq. Nov. 19, 1944.
Kight, Harold [SC3, USS Fanshaw Bay]. Correspondence with shipmates, in response to Battle off Samar questionnaire, various dates, Mar.-Dec. 1986. From the collection of Harold Kight.
LeClercq, John S., II [Lt. (jg), USS Samuel B. Roberts]. Letters home. Various dates, Aug.-Oct. 1944. From the collection of Robert LeClercq.
Lupo, Thomas J. [Lt. (jg), VC-68, USS Fanshaw Bay]. Letter to author, May 17, 2002.
Mackay, Donald E. [Lt. (jg), USS St. Lo]. Letter to author, Nov. 7, 2001.
Mayuzumi, Haruo [Capt., IJN Tone]. Letter to Henry A. Pyzdrowski, July 23, 1984. Courtesy of Henry A. Pyzdrowski.
McClintock, Elden L. [Ship’s Historian, USS Fanshaw Bay]. Correspondence with various shipmates.
Mercer, Bill [S1, USS Johnston]. Letters and e-mails to author, various dates.
Michiels, Larry [shipmate of Cox. Samuel Booker Roberts]. Letter to Lloyd Gurnett, Sept. 7, 1984. Courtesy of George Bray.
Miller, Vernon [WT1, USS Fanshaw Bay]. Letters to Harold Kight, Mar. 14, 1986, and Apr. 12, 1986. Courtesy of Harold Kight.
Mittendorff, William. Letter to Mrs. John S. LeClercq and narrative titled “Johnny Was Like That.” Undated, circa Mar. 1947. From the collection of Robert LeClercq.
Moser, Leonard [AMM1, USS Fanshaw Bay]. Letter to Harold Kight, Apr. 25, 1986. Courtesy of Harold Kight.
Moylan, J. Dudley [Ens., USS Samuel B. Roberts]. Letter to Mr. and Mrs. John S. LeClercq, Oct. 25, 1954. From the collection of Robert LeClercq.
Letter to George Bray, May 27, 1984. Courtesy of George Bray.
Orgill, Dale V. [AMM3, USS St. Lo]. Letter to author, Feb. 9, 2002.
Philipps, Ernest [AOM, USS Fanshaw Bay]. Letters to Harold Kight, Jun. 1986 and Aug. 18, 1986. Courtesy of Harold Kight.
Pyzdrowski, Henry A. [Lt. (jg), VC-10, USS Gambier Bay]. Letter to author, Mar. 15, 2001.
Reid, J. M. [USS Samuel B. Roberts]. Letter to Mrs. John S. LeClercq, Sr., Jan. 16, 1945. From the collection of Robert LeClercq.
Rhodes, Dusty [S1, USS Johnston]. Letters to author, Sept. 13, 2001, and Nov. 6, 2001.
Rinn, Paul X. [Capt., USS Samuel B. Roberts, FFG-58]. E-mail to author, Dec. 3, 2002.
Roberts, Everett E. [Lt., USS Samuel B. Roberts]. Letters to William Katsur, Feb. 15, 1995, and Feb. 16, 1996.
Rohde, Dick [RM3, USS Samuel B. Roberts]. Letters and e-mails to author, various dates.
Rutter, Robert [Lt. (jg), USS Heermann]. Letter to author, June 22, 2002.
Saunders, Gene [VOC-2 (observation composite squadron), USS Fanshaw Bay]. Letter to Harold Kight, Dec. 12, 1986. From the collection of Harold Kight.
Skau, Rudolph H. [CTM, USS Samuel B. Roberts]. Letter to George Bray, undated (probably May 1984). Courtesy of George Bray.
Steinberg, Julius [Lt. (jg), USS Heermann]. Letter to author, Apr. 5, 2001.
Stevenson, Tom [Lt. (jg), USS Samuel B. Roberts]. Letter to Mrs. John S. LeClercq, Sr., Dec. 1, 1944. From the collection of Robert LeClercq.
Letter to author, Mar. 30, 2001.
Letter to Mark G. Pond, Oct. 25, 1982. Courtesy of Tom Stevenson.
Turner, Bob [AMM1, USS Fanshaw Bay]. Letter to Harold Kight, Dec. 1986. Courtesy of Harold Kight.
Van Brunt, Tom [Lt. VC-65, USS St. Lo]. Letter to author, Mar. 17, 2001.
Vaughan, Courtney Sprague [daughter of Rear Adm. Clifton A. F. Sprague]. Letter to author, Oct. 15, 2001.
Welch, Ellsworth. [Lt. (jg), USS Johnston]. Letter to author, Nov. 7, 2001.
Internet Sites
USS Gambier Bay/VC-10 Survivors Association website: www.ussgambierbay-vc10.com
USS Johnston/USS Hoel Survivors Association website: www.ussjohnston-hoel.bigstep.com
USS St. Lo (CVE-63)/VC-65 Association website: www.stlomidway6365.org
USS Samuel B. Roberts Survivors Association website: www.de413.org
Battle off Samar website (by Robert Jon Cox): www.bosamar.com