BOOKS
Annals of War by Leading Participants North and South (Philadelphia: Times Publishing Company, 1879).
Bancroft, George. Martin Van Buren to the End of His Public Career (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1889).
Basler, Roy, ed. The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln (Springfield, IL: Abraham Lincoln Association, 1953). Referred to in notes as CW.
Bates, David. Lincoln and the Telegraph Office (New York: The Century Company, 1907).
Beale, Howard, ed. The Diary of Edward Bates (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1933).
Benton, Thomas Hart. Thirty Years’ View, Volumes I–III (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1854).
Boulard, Gary. The Expatriation of Franklin Pierce (Bloomington, IN: iUniverse, 2006).
Bridgman, Edward Payson, and Parsons, Luke Fisher. With John Brown in Kansas (Madison, WI: J.N. Davidson, 1915).
Buchanan, James. Mr. Buchanan’s Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion (New York: D. Appleton, 1866).
———. The Works of James Buchanan, Volumes I–XI (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1911).
Burlingame, Michael. Abraham Lincoln: A Life, Volumes I–II (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 2008). References are to unedited manuscript hosted by Knox College online,
———, ed. At Lincoln’s Side: John Hay’s Civil War Correspondence and Other Writings (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2006).
———. Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2009).
———. With Lincoln in the White House: Letters, Memoranda, and Other Writings of John G. Nicolay (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000).
Chitwood, Oliver. John Tyler: Champion of the Old South (Newtown, CT: American Political Biography Press, 1990).
Cole, Donald. Martin Van Buren and the American Political System (Fort Washington, PA: Eastern National, 2004).
Crapol, Edward. John Tyler, the Accidental President (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012).
Crawford, Samuel Wylie. The Genesis of the Civil War: the Story of Sumter, 1860–1861 (New York: Charles L. Webster, 1887).
Curtis, George Ticknor. Life of James Buchanan (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1883).
DeRose, Chris. Congressman Lincoln: The Making of America’s Greatest President (New York: Simon & Schuster/Threshold, 2013).
Donald, David Herbert, ed. Inside Lincoln’s Cabinet: The Civil War Diary of Salmon Chase (New York: Longmans, Green and Company, 1954).
———. Lincoln (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995).
Etcheson, Nicole. Bleeding Kansas: Contested Liberty in the Civil War Era (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2004).
Grant, Ulysses. Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant, Volumes I–II (New York: Charles L. Webster, 1885).
Guelzo, Allen. Lincoln and Douglas: The Debates that Defined America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008).
Helm, Katherine. Mary, Wife of Lincoln (New York: Harper Brothers, 1918).
Herndon, William, and Jesse Weik. Herndon’s Lincoln: The True Story of a Great Life (New York: Da Capo, republished 2008).
Hertz, Emanuel. Lincoln Talks: An Oral Biography (New York: Viking Press, 1939).
Hollister, James. The Life of Schuyler Colfax (New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1886).
Holt, Michael. The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), 17280 (digital version).
Holzer, Harold. Lincoln President-Elect (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009).
Howard, Robert Lorenzo. American State Trials, Volume IX (St. Louis: Thomas Law Book Company, 1919).
Johnson, Robert Underwood, ed. Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, Volumes I–IV (New York: The Century Company, 1887). Referred to in notes as BL.
Jones, J. B. A Rebel War Clerk’s Diary, Volumes I–II (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1866).
Julian, George. The Life of Joshua R. Giddings (Chicago: McClurg, 1892).
Kennedy, Francis. The Civil War Battlefield Guide (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1998) Referred to in notes as CWB.
Lamon, Ward Hill. Recollections of Abraham Lincoln 1847–1865 (Washington, DC: Published by his daughter, Dorothy Lamon Teillard).
Lawson, John David. American State Trials, Volume XIII (St. Louis: Thomas Law Book Company, 1921).
Mackay, Charles. Through the Long Day (London: W.H. Allen, 1887).
Martin, David G. The Vicksburg Campaign (New York: Da Capo, 1990).
McCabe, James Dabney. The Life and Public Services of Horatio Seymour (New York: United States Publishing Company, 1868).
McClellan, George. McClellan’s Own Story (New York: Charles L. Webster and Company, 1887).
McCullough, Hugh. Men and Measures of a Half Century (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1888).
McPherson, James. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (New York: Oxford, 1988).
Meacham, Jon. American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House (New York: Random House, 2008).
Meigs, Montgomery. The Life of Thomas Hart Benton (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1904).
Merry, Robert. A Nation of Vast Designs: James K. Polk, the Mexican War, and the Conquest of the American Continent (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009).
Miller, Marion Mills, ed. Great Debates in American History (New York: Current Literature Publishing Company, 1913).
Miner, Margaret, and Rawson, Hugh. The Oxford Dictionary of American Quotations (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006).
Monaghan, Jay. Diplomat in Carpet Slippers (Indianapolis: Bobbs Merrill, 1945).
Nevins, Allan. Ordeal of the Union, Volumes I–VIII (New York: Scribner’s, 1947).
Nichols, Roy. Franklin Pierce: Young Hickory of the Granite Hills (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1969).
Nicolay, John, and Hay, John. Abraham Lincoln: A History, Volumes I–X (New York: The Century Company, 1914).
Niven, John. Martin Van Buren: The Romantic Age of American Politics (Newtown, CT: American Political Biography Press, 2000).
Official Proceedings of the Democratic National Convention (Cincinnati: Enquirer Company Steam Printing Establishment, 1856).
Parton, James. The Life of Andrew Jackson (New York: Houghton, Mifflin, and Company, 1888).
Poore, Benjamin Perley. Reminiscences of Sixty Years in the National Metropolis (Philadelphia: Hubbard Brothers, 1886).
Potter, David. The Impending Crisis: America Before the Civil War (New York: Harper and Row, 1976).
Pryor, Sarah. Reminiscences of Peace and War (New York: Macmillan, 1905).
Quaife, Milton, ed. The Diary of James K. Polk During His Presidency, Volumes I–IV (Chicago: McClurg, 1910).
Randall, James. Lincoln the President, Volumes I–IV (Gloucester, MA: Peter Smith, 1965).
Rayback, Robert. Millard Fillmore: Biography of a President (Buffalo: Publications of the Buffalo Historical Society, 1959).
Remini, Robert. Henry Clay, Statesman for the Union (New York: W.W. Norton, 1991).
Renda, Lex. Running on the Record: Civil War Era Politics in New Hampshire (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1997).
Rhodes, John Ford. History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the Restoration of Home Rule at the South in 1877, Volume III (New York: Macmillan, 1907).
Riddle, Albert Gallatin. Recollections of War Times (New York: Putnam’s Sons, 1895).
Scarry, Robert. Millard Fillmore (Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Company, 2001).
Seale, William. The President's House (Washington, DC: White House Historical Association, 2008).
Severance, Frank, ed. The Papers of Millard Fillmore, Volumes I–II (Buffalo: Buffalo Historical Society, 1907).
Silbey, Joel. Martin Van Buren and the Emergence of American Popular Politics (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002).
Smith, Elbert. The Presidencies of Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1988).
Stoddard, William. Inside the White House in War Times (New York: Ogilve, 1895).
Sumner, Charles. Memoir and Letters (Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1877).
Taney, Roger. The Merryman Habeas Corpus Case Baltimore: The United States Government a Military Despotism (Jackson, MS: J.L. Power, 1861).
———. The Proceedings in the Case of John Merryman (Baltimore: Lucas Brothers, 1861).
Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, ed. The Letters and Times of the Tylers, Volumes I–III (Richmond: Whittet & Shepperson, 1884).
Van Buren, Martin. The Autobiography of Martin Van Buren (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1920).
Wallace, William Warden. The Pen and Pencil, Volume I (Cincinnati: Publisher unknown).
Wallner, Peter. Franklin Pierce, Volumes I–II (Concord: Plaidswede Publishing, 2007).
Welles, Gideon. Diary of Gideon Welles: Secretary of the Navy Under Lincoln and Johnson (New York: Houghton, Mifflin, 1911).
Whipple, Wayne. The Story Life of Lincoln (Philadelphia: John C. Winston, 1908).
MANUSCRIPT COLLECTIONS
Papers of Millard Fillmore, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
Papers of John J. Hardin, Chicago Historical Society, Chicago, IL.
Papers of Franklin Pierce, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
Papers of Martin Van Buren, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
ARTICLES
Chambrun, Marquis de. “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln.” Scribner’s, January 1893.
Crook, William. “Lincoln’s Last Day,” Harper’s Magazine, Colume 115.
Gineapp, William. “Abraham Lincoln and the Border States.” Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association, Vol. 13, No. 1, 1992.
Hawthorne, Nathaniel. “Chiefly About War Matters.” Atlantic Monthly, June 2, 1862.
Milton, George Fort. “Stephen A. Douglas’ Efforts for Peace.” Journal of Southern History, Vol. 1, No. 3 (August 1935), 269.
Nevins, Allan. “Stephen A. Douglas: His Weaknesses and His Greatness,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, Vol. 42, No. 4 (December 1949).
Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture. “Edmund Ruffin’s Visit to Sherwood Forest.” William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. 14, No. 3 (January 1906).
Pfanz, Donald. “The Union Army Retreats,” http://fredericksburg.com/CivilWar/Battle/0915CW.
Somit, Albert. “Jackson as Administrator.” Public Administration Review, Vol. 8, No. 3 (Summer 1948).
DIGITAL
American Memory, Memory.loc.gov
American Presidency Project, www.presidency.ucsb.edu
Blackjack Battlefield, BlackJackBattlefield.org
Fredericksburg, Fredericksburg.com
Georgia Encyclopedia Online, www.georgiaencyclopedia.org
The History Channel, History.com
Kansas State Historical Society Online, kshs.org
The Lincoln Log, Lincolnlog.org
National Park Service, Nps.gov
St. Paul’s Church, Richmond, VA, www.stpaulsepiscopal.org
Territorial Kansas Online, territorialkansasonline.org
United States House of Representatives, House.gov
United States Senate, Senate.gov
Virginia Secession Convention, University of Richmond, collections.richmond.edu/secession
NEWSPAPERS
Albany Evening Journal, Albany, NY
Baltimore Sun, Baltimore, MD
Boston Courant, Boston, MA
Boston Courier, Boston, MA
Boston Semi-Weekly Courier, Boston, MA
Buffalo Commercial Advertiser, Buffalo, NY
Buffalo Morning Express, Buffalo, NY
Columbian Register, New Haven, CT
Congressional Globe, Washington, DC
The Constitution, Atlanta, GA
Daily Confederation, Montgomery, AL
Daily Constitutional Union, Washington, DC
Daily Evening Bulletin, San Francisco, CA
Daily Ohio Statesman, Columbus, OH
Daily Picayune, New Orleans, LA
Farmer’s Cabinet
Fremont Journal, Fremont, OH
Glasgow Weekly Times, Glasgow, MO
Hartford Daily Courant, Hartford, CT
Liberator, Boston, MA
Litchfield Republican, Litchfield, CT
Lowell Daily Citizen, Lowell, MA
Milwaukee Morning Sentinel, Milwaukee, WI
National Intelligencer, Washington, DC
New Hampshire Patriot, Concord, NH
New York Daily Tribune, New York, NY
New York Herald, New York, NY
New York Times, New York, NY
New York Tribune, New York, NY
Philadelphia Daily Age, Philadelphia, PA
Philadelphia Inquirer, Philadelphia, PA
Richmond Dispatch, Richmond, VA
Richmond Examiner, Richmond, VA
Richmond Times, Richmond, VA
Richmond Whig, Richmond, VA
Salem Register, Salem, MA
San Francisco Bulletin, San Francisco, CA
Springfield Weekly Republican, Springfield, MA
St. Louis Missouri Republican, St. Louis, MO
Vermont Phoenix, Brattleboro, VT
Washington Star, Washington, DC
Western Reserve Chronicle, Warren, OH
Wisconsin Daily Patriot, Madison, WI
Worcester Daily Spy, Worcester, MA
The World, New York, NY
OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS
The Journal of the Confederate Congress
The Journal of the United States House of Representatives
The Journal of the United States Senate
Report of the Committee on Reconstruction
Report of the Special Committee to Investigate the Troubles in Kansas (“Howard Report”)