Maps
Wales and the Marches
The Battle of Pilleth
The North
The Battle of Homildon Hill
Shrewsbury: The Campaign 6 July-10 July 1403
Shrewsbury: The Campaign 11 July-20 July 1403
Shrewsbury: Approach to Battle
Shrewsbury: The Battle
1367 Birth of Henry Bolingbroke (King Henry IV).
1377 Accession of Richard II.
1387 Lords Appellant limit Richard’s powers.
1388 Battle of Otterburn (5 August).
1398 Henry Bolingbroke exiled; death of John of Gaunt.
1399 Henry Bolingbroke returns; deposition of Richard II; Bolingbroke crowned as Henry IV.
1400
January: Pentecost Plot against Henry foiled.
February: Richard II probably murdered; unsuccessful campaign against Scots.
September: rebellion of Owain Glyn Dwr begins; first chevauchée by Henry IV.
1401
April: Welsh surprise Conwy Castle; Glyn Dwr rebellion spreads into Central Wales; Ricardian plotting in England continues.
October: Henry’s second Welsh expedition.
1402
Further Ricardian conspiracies.
22 June: Battle of Bryn Glas – Welsh defeat and capture Sir Edmund Mortimer.
September: Henry IV’s third Welsh expedition.
14 September: Battle of Homildon Hill – Percys defeat the Scots.
October-December: king refuses to ransom Sir Edmund Mortimer; tensions rise with Hotspur over Scottish prisoners.
1403
March: king grants Percys any lands they conquer in Scotland; throughout the spring and early summer growing tensions between king and Percys over money.
May: Prince Henry destroys Glyn Dwr’s homes at Sycarth and Glyndyfrdwy.
July: Glyn Dwr campaigns in South Wales.
10 July: Hotspur begins rebellion at Chester.
12 July: rumours of revolt reach the king at Nottingham.
17 July: Hotspur’s forces rendezvous at Sandiway; king at Lichfield.
20 July: Hotspur arrives before Shrewsbury but refused entry; king arrives at Haughmond Abbey.
21 July: Battle of Shrewsbury.
23 July: Earl of Worcester and other rebel leaders executed.
August: Earl of Northumberland submits to king at York.
September: King Henry’s fourth Welsh campaign.
1404
January: Northumberland pardoned by Parliament.
Spring: Glyn Dwr takes Harlech and Aberystwyth Castles and probably crowned as Prince of Wales.
Summer: Glyn Dwr holds Parliament at Machynlleth; in control of most of Wales.
1405
February: attempt to take Earl of March to Wales fails; Tripartate Indenture between Glyn Dwr, Mortimer and Northumberland.
11 April: Welsh defeated by Prince Henry at Grosmont.
May: Welsh defeat at Pwll Melyn; Rising in North Yorkshire headed by Richard Scrope, Archbishop of York, and the Earl Marshal, with Percy involvement.
6 June: Scrope and Earl Marshal captured and executed two days later; Northumberland and Lord Bardolph flee to Scotland.
Summer: Percy castles surrender.
August: French forces land in Pembrokeshire to support Glyn Dwr; Franco-Welsh army advances to Woodbury Hill before returning to Wales; king’s fifth Welsh expedition.
1406
Further reverses for Glyn Dwr; Anglesey and parts of South Wales submit to king.
1407
Further Welsh defeats; First Siege of Aberystwyth Castle.
1408
Northumberland and Bardolph rebel in the north; defeated and both killed at Bramham Moor 19 February; Second Siege of Aberystwyth, which falls c. September; Siege of Harlech begins.
1409
February: fall of Harlech; death of Sir Edmund Mortimer; Glyn Dwr reverts to guerrilla warfare.
1410
Last major Welsh raid on Shropshire defeated; death of Henry IV; Glyn Dwr rejects offer of pardon from Henry V; probable death of Glyn Dwr; son Maredudd continues to resist.
1421
8 April: Submission of Maredudd ab Owain marks effective end of organized Welsh rebellion.