A Bolshevik from his early days, Litvinov was Soviet Commissar for Foreign Affairs from 1930. He was in favor of Soviet cooperation with the west and advocated the use of the League of Nations, as an anti-Fascist organization. However he was replaced on 3 May 1939 by MOLOTOV who reversed Litvinov’s policies and made a pact with Germany. From 1941 to 1943 he was Soviet Ambassador to the USA. At the same time but continuing until 1946 he was Deputy Commissar for Foreign Affairs.