Appendix 1

Select List of Roman Emperors

Emperors from Augustus to Constantine

Emperor

Reign

Augustus (Imp. Caesar Augustus)

27 BC–AD 14

Tiberius (Ti. Caesar Augustus)

AD 14–37

Gaius / Caligula (C. Caesar Augustus Germanicus)

37–41

Claudius (Ti. Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus)

41–54

Nero (Imp. Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus)

54–68

Galba (Ser. Sulpicius Galba Imp. Caesar Augustus)

68–69

Otho (Imp. M. Otho Caesar Augustus)

69

Vitellius (A. Vitellius Augustus Germanicus Imp.)

69

Vespasian (Imp. Caesar Vespasianus Augustus)

69–79

Titus (Imp. Titus Caesar Vespasianus Augustus)

79–81

Domitian (Imp. Caesar Domitianus Augustus)

81–96

Nerva (Imp. Caesar Nerva Augustus)

96–98

Trajan (Imp. Caesar Nerva Traianus Augustus)

98–117

Hadrian (Imp. Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus)

117–138

Antoninus Pius (Imp. Caesar T. Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius)

138–161

Marcus Aurelius (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus)

161–180

Lucius Verus (Imp. Caesar L. Aurelius Verus Augustus)

161–169

Commodus (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus)

176–192

Pertinax (Imp. Caesar P. Helvius Pertinax Augustus)

193

Didius Julianus (Imp. Caesar M. Didius Severus Julianus Augustus)

193

Septimius Severus (Imp. Caesar L. Septimius Severus Pertinax Augustus)

193–211

Clodius Albinus (Imp. Caesar D. Clodius Septimius Albinus Augustus)

193–197

Pescennius Niger (Imp. Caesar C. Pescennius Niger Justus Augustus)

193–194

Caracalla (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus)

198–217

Geta (Imp. Caesar P. Septimius Geta Augustus)

209–211

Macrinus (Imp. Caesar M. Opellius Macrinus Augustus)

217–218

Diadumenianus (Imp. Caesar M. Opellius Antoninus Diadumenianus Augustus)

218

Elagabal (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Antoninus Augustus)

218–222

Severus Alexander (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Severus Alexander Augustus)

222–235

Maximinus (Imp. Caesar C. Julius Verus Maximinus Augustus)

235–238

Gordian I (Imp. Caesar M. Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus Senior Augustus)

238

Gordian II (Imp. Caesar M. Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Africanus Iunior Augustus)

238

Balbinus (Imp. Caesar D. Caelius Calvinus Balbinus Augustus)

238

Pupienus (Imp. Caesar M. Clodius Pupienus Augustus)

238

Gordian III (Imp. Caesar M. Antonius Gordianus Augustus)

238–244

Philip (Imp. Caesar M. Julius Philippus Augustus)

244–249

Decius (Imp. Caesar C. Messius Quintus Traianus Decius Augustus)

249–251

Trebonianus Gallus (Imp. Caesar C. Vibius Trebonianus Gallus Augustus)

251–253

Volusianus (Imp. Caesar C. Vibius Afinius Gallus Veldumianus Volusianus Augustus)

251–253

Aemilianus (Imp. Caesar M. Aemilius Aemilianus Augustus)

253

Valerian (Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Valerianus Augustus)

253–260

Gallienus (Imp. Caesar P. Licinius Egnatius Gallienus Augustus)

253–268

Claudius II (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Claudius Augustus)

268–270

Quintillus (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Claudius Quintillus Augustus)

270

Aurelian (Imp. Caesar Domitius Aurelianus Augustus)

270–275

Tacitus (Imp. Caesar M. Claudius Tacitus Augustus)

275–276

Florianus (Imp. Caesar M. Annius Florianus Augustus)

276

Probus (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Probus Augustus)

276–282

Carus (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Carus Augustus)

282–283

Carinus (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Carinus Augustus)

283–285

Numerianus (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Numerius Numerianus Augustus)

283–284

Diocletian (Imp. Caesar C. Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus Augustus)

284–305

Maximian (Imp. Caesar M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Augustus)

286–305

Constantius (Imp. Caesar Flavius Valerius Constantius Augustus)

305–306

Galerius (Imp. Caesar C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus Augustus)

305–311

Severus (Flavius Valerius Severus Augustus)

306–307

Maxentius (M. Aurelius Valerius Maxentius Augustus)

306–312

Constantine (Imp. Caesar Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus)

307–337

Licinius (Imp. Caesar Valerius Licinianus Licinius Augustus)

308–324

Maximin (C. Valerius Galerius Maximinus Augustus)

308/9–313

Emperors from Diocletian to Romulus

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