Ancient History & Civilisation

CHAPTER NINE

THE SEPARATIST EMPIRES

THE ROMANO-GALLIC EMPIRE A.D. 260ñ274

Postumus, A.D. 260ñ369

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	IMP C M CASS LAT POSTVMVS P F AVG
	IMP C POSTVMVS PIVS F AVG
	IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG
	IMP POSTVMVS AVG
	POSTVMVS AVG
	POSTVMVS PIVS AVG

Except where noted, busts are right-facing, laureate, often draped and/or cuirassed.

Claudius II (as Augustus)

2376	AV Medallion of 8-Aurei obv Laur., cuir, bust r. rev CONCORDIA EXERCITVS, Concordia stg. facing, hldg. two standards with eagles. RIC 1.	7000ñ10,000	15,000ñ20,000	30,000ñ50,000
2377	AV Aureus	1000ñ1500	2000ñ3000	5000ñ7500
2378	Billon Double-Denarius obv Rad. bust r.	ó	5ñ15	20ñ14
2379	ó obv Rad. half-bust 1., hldg. spear and/or shield	15ñ25	20ñ40	100ñ150
2380	ó rev ADVENTVS AVG, Claudius II on horseback 1., saluting. RIC 13.	15ñ25	20ñ40	100ñ150
2381	ó rev DACIA FELIX, Dacia stg. 1., hldg. ass-headed staff. RIC 143.	15ñ25	30ñ50	150ñ200
2382	ó rev DEO CABIRO, one of the Cabiri stg., hldg. hammer and nails. RIC 204.	20ñ40	70ñ100	200ñ300
2383	ó rev REGI ARTIS, one of the Cabiri stg., hldg. hammer and tongs. RIC 215.	20ñ40	70ñ100	200ñ300

Postumus (as Augustus)

2521	AV Aureus	2000ñ3000	5000ñ7500	12,000ñ18,000
2522	ó obv Helm., cuir, bust 1. of Postumus rev Various types. RIC 3ff.	3000ñ5000	6000ñ10,000	20,000ñ35,000
2523	ó obv Laur., cuir, bust 1. rev AETERNITAS AVG, three young, rad. hds., ctr. one facing, the other two at the sides, confr. RIC 18.	ó	ó	ó
2524	ó obv Jugate, laur. hds. r. of Postumus and Hercules rev HERCVLI LIBVCO, Hercules strangling Antaeus. RIC 273. N ote: One of several aurei of Postumus depicting the labors of Hercules.	4000ñ6000	8,000ñ12,000	30,000ñ50,000
2525	ó obv Bare-headed bust nearly fully facing, his cuir, torso at an angle rev INDVLG PIA POSTVMI AVG, Postumus std. 1., on curule chair, kneeling suppliant before. RIC V, pt. II, p. 359, 277. Note: This impressive bust also occurs as a reverse type (RIC 280).	ó	ó	ó

Postumus (as Augustus)

2526	ó rev LIBERALITAS AVG, Postumus std. 1. on platform with lictor and Liberalitas stg. beside, citizens below. RIC 27ñ8.	2000ñ3000	6000ñ10,000	20,000ñ30,000
2527	ó rev P M TR P COS P P, rad. lion adv. 1., thunderbolt in jaws. RIC 1.	2000ñ3000	5000ñ8000	20,000ñ30,000
2528	ó rev VIRTVS EXERCITVS, pile of arms and armor. RIC 44.	2000ñ3000	5000ñ8000	20,000ñ30,000
2529	AV Quinarius	1500ñ2000	4000ñ6000	ó
2530	ó obv Helm., cuir. bust 1. rev QVINQ VENN ALES AVG, Victory stg. r., foot on helmet, inscr. V X or Q on shield. RIC 50.	1500ñ2000	5000ñ8000
2531	Billon Double-Denarius obv Rad. bust r. Illustrated p. 469.	ó	5ñ15	30ñ50
2532	ó As prev., but from early in reign and of higher silver content (about 20%).	5ñ15	15ñ25	50ñ75
2533	ó obv Rad. bust 1. with club and lionís skin at shoulder rev Various types. RIC 292ff.	20ñ40	100ñ150	250ñ350
2534	ó rev C C A A COS IIII or COL CL AGRIP COS IIII, Aequitas stg. 1., hldg. scales and cornucopia. RIC 285ñ6. Note: The inscription names the mint-city Cologne (Colonia Claudia Agrippina Augusta).	70ñ100	200ñ300	900ñ1200
2535	ó rev DIANE REDVCI, Diana adv. r., hldg. bow and leading stag. RIC 300.	20ñ40	100ñ150	250ñ350
2536	ó rev IOVI VICTORI, Jupiter adv. 1., hldg. scepter and thunderbolt, C A in field. RIC 311. Note: The C A is a mint mark for Cologne.	70ñ100	200ñ300	900ñ1200
2537	ó rev PACATOR ORBIS, rad., dr. bust r. of Sol. RIC 317.	20ñ40	100ñ150	200ñ300
2538	ó rev SALVS PROVINCIARVM, the Rhine reel. RIC 87.	20ñ40	50ñ75	100ñ150
2539	Billon Denarius	200ñ300	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000
2540	ó obv Jugate, laur. busts 1. of Postumus and Hercules rev CASTOR, Castor, hldg. spear, stg. next to horse. RIC 335.	400ñ600	1000ñ1500	ó
2541	ó obv As prev. rev HERCVLIIMMORTALI, Hercules hldg. club and lionís skin, dragging Cerberus. RIC 347. Note: From a series of denarii of Cologone honoring Hercules on the obverse and reverse.	400ñ600	1250ñ1750

Postumus (as Augustus)

2542	ó As 2527. RIC 95.	250ñ350	900ñ1200	ó
2543	Billon Quinarius	200ñ300	500ñ800	1500ñ2000

2553

Postumus (as Augustus)

2544	Æ Double' Sestertius obv Rad. hd. r.	30ñ50	200ñ300	700ñ1000
2545	ó rev FELICITA(S) on architrave of decorated triumphal arch, AVG in ex. RIC 118ñ9.	250ñ350	900ñ1200	ó
2546	ó rev FELICITAS AVG (SC) or GERMANICVS MAX V, trophy betw. two captives. RIC 120,9.	70ñ100	400ñ600	900ñ1200
2547	ó rev HER(C) DEVSONIENS(I) or PACIFERO, Hercules stg., hldg. various implements, AVG sometimes in ex. RIC 13Off.	100ñ150	700ñ1000
2548	ó rev HERCVLI MAGVSANO, Hercules stg. r., leaning on club with lionís skin set on rock. RIC 139.	100ñ150	700ñ1000
2549	ó rev VICTORIA GERMANICA SC, Victory adv. r., hldg. wreath and palm branch. RIC 177.	70ñ100	400ñ600	900ñ1200
2550	Æ Sestertius Note: The five issues below also occur as double-sestertii.	30ñ50	150ñ200	400ñ600
2551	ó rev ADVENT VS AVG SC, Postumus on horseback 1., hldg. spear and raising r. hand. RIC 115.	100ñ150	700ñ1000	ó
2552	ó rev EXERCITVS AVG SC, Postumus on horseback 1., addressing three soldiers who hold standards. RIC 116.	250ñ350	900ñ1200
2553	ó rev LAETITIA (SC), galley with rowers, AVG sometimes in ex. RIC 142ff. Note: The galley sometimes has a steersman or a mast (rarely with a sail).	50ñ75	250ñ350	700ñ1000
2554	ó rev RESTITVTOR GALLIAR SC, Postumus stg. 1., hldg. spear and raising kneeling fig. of Gaul hldg. a branch. RIC 157ñ9.	100ñ150	400ñ600	ó

Postumus (as Augustus)

chVF

2555	ó rev VICTO RK A or AE) AVG (SC), two Victories stg., placing shield on palm tree; two captives std. at base. RIC 166ñ8.	30ñ50	150ñ200	400ñ600
2556	Æ Dupondius obv Rad. hd. r.	30ñ50	150ñ200	400ñ600
2557	ó rev Better types (most every type listed above for double-sestertii and sestertii occur) RIC 186ñ241.	70ñ100	300ñ400	700ñ1000
2558	Æ As	30ñ50	150ñ200	400ñ600
2559	ó rev FIDES EXERCITVS, four standards, one being a legionary eagle. RIC 244.	50ñ75	300ñ400	ó
2560	ó rev I O M SPONSORI SAECVLI AVG, Jupiter Optimus Maximus stg. at 1., hldg. thunderbolt and scepter, facing Postumus, stg. at r., sacrificing from patera over tripod. RIC 248.	100ñ150	700ñ1000	ó
2561	ó rev SAECVLI FRVGIFERO, winged caduceus. RIC 240.	50ñ75	400ñ600	ó
2562	ó rev VIRTVS POSTVMI AVG, Hercules capturing stag. RIC 253.	100ñ150	700ñ1000	ó

Aureolus, A.D. 267(?)ñ268

ALLY OF POSTUMUS

Obverse inscriptions:

Postumus:	IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG
	IMP (C) POST VM VS AVG

Aureolus (striking in the name of Postumus)

2563	AV Aureus obv Rad. hd. r. of Postumus, dr. or dr. and cuir, rev Various types. RIC V, pt. II, p. 367, 366ñ9. Note: All seemingly struck with doubledenarius dies; one laureate issue is suspect.	1500ñ2000	4000ñ6000	10,000ñ15,000
2564	Billon Double-Denarius obv Rad. hd. r. of Postu-mus, dr. or dr. and cuir, rev Various types. RIC 37089. Illustrated above.	20ñ40	50ñ75	100ñ150

Note: Aureolus struck at Milan in the name of Postumus, with whom he seems to have had a pact. The officina markers P, S or T often appear in the exergue on the reverse, and most of the reverse inscriptions end with AEQVIT, EQVIT or EQVITVM (for example: CO N CORD AEQVIT, FIDES EQVIT or VIRTVS EQVITVM). See his Numismatic Notes for details.

Laelianus, A.D. 269

Obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	IMP C VLP COR LAELIANVS
	IMP (C) LAELIANVS P F AVG

The bust is right-facing, laureate, cuirassed and/or draped.

Laelianus (as Augustus)

2565	AV Aureus	7000ñ10,000	20,000ñ30,000	60,000+
2566	ó rev TEMPORVM FELICITAS, Hispania reel. 1., hldg. branch, rabbit at her side. RIC V, pt. II, p. 372, 1. Note: This reverse type of Hispania is one of several pieces of evidence indicating Laelianus was of Spanish origin.	8000ñ12,000	25,000ñ30,000	75,000+
2567	Billo Illustrated above.	100ñ150	300ñ400	700ñ1000
2568	Billon Denarius rev VIRTVS MILITVM, Virtus stg. 1., hldg. spear and standard (ensign) inscr. XXX. RIC 10. Note: The inscription on the ensign alludes to the Legion XXX Ulpia Victrix, which was stationed on the Rhine in Lower Germany.	ó	ó	ó

Marius, A.D. 269

Obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	IMP C M AVR MARIVS (P F) AVG
	IMP C MARIVS P F AVG

Except where noted, the bust is right-facing, laureate, draped and/or cuirassed.

Marius (as Augustus)

2569	AV Aureus	7000ñ10,000	20,000ñ30,000	60,000+
2570	Billon Double-Denarius obv Rad. hd. r. Illustrated above.	70ñ100	200ñ300	400ñ600
2571	ó rev CONCORD(IA or IAE) MILIT(VM), clasped hands. RIC V, pt. II, p. 377, 5ñ8. Note: Being one of Marius most common types, this would seem to celebrate the unity of the armies which formerly had supported Postumus and Laelianus.	70ñ100	200ñ300	400ñ600

Domitianus, c. A.D. 269 (?) or 271 (?)

Domitianus (as Augustus)

2572

Billon or Æ Double-Denarius obv IMP C DOMITIANVS P F AVG, rad., dr. cuir, bust r. of Domitianus rev CONCORDIA MILITVM, Concordia stg. 1., hldg. patera and cornucopia. RIC V, pt. II, p. 590, 1.

The values are estimates for conservatively graded, essentially problem-free coins. Defects or merits will alter prices, often significantly. Dashes (ó) indicate values which cannot be accurately determined (at the high end) or which are negligible (at the low end). Coins with the same value range are not always equally valuable, for they may represent different ends of the same spectrum.

Victorinus, A.D. 269ñ271

UNCLE OR FATHER(?) OF TETRICUS

GREAT UNCLE OR GRANDFATHER(?) OF TETRICUS II

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	IMP C VICTORINVS (P) AVG
	IMP (C or CAES) VICTORINVS P F AVG
	IMP C (M) PIAVVONI(VS) VICTORINVS P F AVG
	IMP VICTORINVS AVG
Deified:	DIVO VICTORINO PIO

Except where noted, busts are right-facing, laureate, and usually draped and/or cuirassed.

Victorinus (as Augustus)

2573	AV Aureus	3000ñ5000	7000ñ10,000	20,000ñ30,000
2574	ó obv Rad. or laur., cuir. half-bust r., hldg. shield and spear.	3000ñ5000	7000ñ10,000	ó
2575	ó rev COMES AVG, helm., cuir. bust r. of Mars. RIC 6.	3000ñ5000	8,000ñ12,000	ó
2576	ó rev FIDES MILITVM, eagle with wreath in beak stg. on globe betw. two standards. RIC V, pt. II, p. 387, 7.	3000ñ5000	7000ñ10,000	ó
2577	ó rev Various legionary types. RIC 11ñ25.	3000ñ5000	8,000ñ12,000	ó
2578	ó rev ROMAE AETERNAE, helm., dr. bust r. of Roma. RIC 26.	3000ñ5000	8,000ñ12,000	ó
2579	ó obv Jugate, laur., dr. busts r. of Victorinus and Mars or laur., cuir. half-bust r., hldg. shield and spear rev VICTORIA AVG, winged half-bust r. of Victory, hldg. wreath and palm. RIC 30,101ñ2. Note: Some attribute the bust on the reverse to Victori-misí mother, who may have been named Victoria.	ó	ó	ó
2580	AV Quinarius	ó	ó	ó
2581	Billon Double-Denarius obv Rad. hd. r. Illustrated above.	ó	5ñ15	30ñ50

Victorinus (as Augustus)

2582	ó obv Rad. half-bust 1., hldg. spear and shield rev LEG XXX VLP VICT P F, Jupiter stg., hldg. scepter and thunderbolt, capricorn at feet. RIC 52. Note: Legion XXX Ulpia Victrix was stationed on the Rhine in Lower Germany; its usual badge was Neptune, not Jupiter and a capricorn. The P F on most of Victorinus legionary coins is an indication of the pia fidelis (piety and fidelity) of the soldiers.	50ñ75	150ñ200	300ñ400
2583	ó rev VIRTVS AVG, Diana stg. 1., hldg. scepter, placing r. hand on stag. RIC 81. Note: Victorinus claimed Diana as his helper (adjutrix).	15ñ25	50ñ75	100ñ150
2584	Billon Denarius	250ñ350	500ñ800	1500ñ2000
2585	ó rev LEG XXII PRIMIGENIE, Hercules stg., hldg. club and bow, capricorn at feet. RIC 91.	300ñ400	900ñ1200	ó

Victorinus (Posthumous Commemoratives)

2586

Billon Double-Denarius obv Rad. hd. r. rev CON S(E or A)CRATIO, eagle stg. r. or 1. on globe or base of column, with wreath in its beak. RIC 82ñ5. Note: RIC lists four non-commemorative reverse types (86ñ9) that are muled with this obverse.

15ñ25

70ñ100

300ñ400

Tetricus I, A.D. 271ñ274

Augustus: A.D. 271ñ274

(A.D. 271ñ274: Sole reign)

(A.D. 274: Briefly with Tetricus II(?))

NEPHEW OR SON(?) OF VICTORINUS

FATHER OF TETRICUS I

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	IMP C C P ESV TETRICVS AVG
	IMP C (C) P ESVVIVS TETRICVS AVG
	IMP C TETRICVS (P F) AVG
	IMP TETRICVS PIVS (or P F) AVG
	IMP TETRICVS AVG

Except where noted, busts are right-facing, laureate, and usually draped and/or cuirassed.

Tetricus I (as Augustus)

2587	AV Aureus. Illustrated p. 476.	2000ñ3000	4000ñ6000	15,000ñ20,000
2588	ó obv Laur., cuir. half-bust 1., hldg. shield and scepter or spear. RIC V, pt. II, pp. 4034, 19ñ20,28,32.	2000ñ3000	5000ñ8000	20,000ñ30,000
2589	ó obv Laur. hd. 1. rev VICTORIA GERM, Tetricus I stg. 1., hldg. globe, being crowned by Victory, hldg. palm; captive at feet. RIC 38.	2000ñ3000	5000ñ8000	20,000ñ30,000
2590	Billon or Æ Double-Denarius obv Rad. hd. r.	ñ	5ñ15	30ñ50
2591	ó rev Various issues with inscr. ending AVGG. RIC V, pt. II, pp. 421' 4, 225ff. Note: More than 20 issues of Tetricus I with this form of reverse inscription are listed in RIC.	5ñ15	15ñ25	50ñ75
2592	ó rev VOTA PVBLICA, altar. RIC 149.	15ñ25	30ñ50	100ñ150
2593	Billon or Æ Denarius	250ñ350	500ñ800	ó

2596

Tetricus I and Tetricus II (Joint-Coinage)

2594	AV Aureus obv IMP TETRICI AVGG, Confr. busts of Tetricus I, laur., dr. and/or cuir., and Tetricus II, dr. and bare-headed rev P M TR P COS III P P, Tetricus I presenting globe to Tetricus II, both hldg. scepters, altar betw., VOTA or VOT X in ex. RIC 204' 5.	ó	ó	ó
2595	ó obv IMPP TETRICI PII AVGG (or var.), jugate busts r. of Tetricus I, laur. and cuir., and Tetricus II, bare-headed and dr. rev Various types. RIC 206ñ11. Illustrated p. 478.	ó	ó	ó
2596	Billon or Æ Double-Denarius Sim. to prev. RIC 212ñ3.	250ñ350	500ñ800	ó
2597	Billon or Æ Denarius obv Sim. to 2594 rev P M TRñP COS III P P, Tetricus I stg., sacrificing from patera at altar, beside which Tetricus II stgs., hldg. globe and being crowned by Victory. RIC 214	ó	ó	ó

Tetricus II, A.D. 274(?)

Caesar: A.D. 273ñ274 (under Tetricus I)

Augustus (?) A.D. 274: (with Tetricus I)

SON OF TETRICUS I

GRAND NEPHEW OR GRANDSON(?) OF VICTORINUS

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Caesar:	C PIV ESV TETRICVS CAES
	C P (E or ES or ESV) TETRICV S CAES
	PIVS ESV TETRICVS
Augustus:	IMP C PES TETRICVS C AVG
	C PIV TETRICV S P AVG
	Note: CAES is often abbreviated CA, CS CES or ES.

Except where noted, busts are right-facing, radiate and draped.

Tetricus II (as Caesar)

2598	AV Aureus obv Dr., bare-headed bust r.	3000ñ5000	10,GOO-15,000	30,000ñ50,000
2599	Billon or Æ Double-Denarius	ó	5ñ15	100ñ150
2600	ó rev Various issues with inscr. ending AVGG. RIC V, pt. II, pp. 421ñ4, 225ff. Note: More than ten issues of Tetricus II with this form of reverse inscription are listed in RIC.	5ñ15	50ñ75	150ñ200
2601	ó rev HERC COMITI, Hercules stg. in temple. RIC 230.	5ñ15	50ñ75	150ñ200
2602	Billon or Æ Denarius obv Dr., bare-headed bust r.	300ñ400	100015 00	ó

Tetricus II (as Caesar)

2603

Billon or Æ Double-Denarius

100ñ150

300ñ400

Note: For joint-coinages of Tetricus II and his father, see the listings of the latter.

THE KINGDOM OF PALMYRA C. A.D. 260ñ272

Zenobia, A.D. 267ñ272

Queen: A.D. 267ñ270/1

Augusta: A.D. 270/1ñ272

WIFE OF ODAENATHUS

MOTHER OF VABALATHUS

Obverse inscriptions:

Augusta:	S ZENOBIA AVG
	ZENOBIA AVG

Zenobia (as A ugusta, with V abalathus)

2604	Billon Double-Denarius obv Diad., dr. bust r. of Zenobia on crescent rev IVNO REGINA, Juno stg. 1., hldg. patera and scepter, peacock at feet, star before, H in ex. RIC V, pt. II, p. 584, 2.	1000ñ1500	1750ñ2250	4000ñ6000
2605	ó rev PIETAS AVG, Pietas std. 1., hldg. hand of child and leaning on spear. RIC 1.	1000ñ1500	1750ñ2250	4000ñ6000

Zenobia (Provincial Coinage)

chVF

2606

Billon Tetradrachm of Alexandria, 271/2. obv CEEITIMIA ZHNOBIA CEB, diad., dr. bust r. of Zenobia rev Homonoia stg. L, hldg. double-cornucopiae and raising r. hand, LE(= yr.5 of Zenobia) in field. Milne 4353. Illustrated above.

1000ñ1500

1750ñ2250

4000ñ6000

Vabalathus, A.D. 267ñ272;

King: A.D. 267ñ270/I

Augusta: A.D. 270/1ñ272

SON OF ODAENATHUS AND ZENOBIA

Obverse inscriptions:

King:	VABALATHVS VCRIMDR
Augustus:	IM C VHABALATHVS AVG

Vabalathus (as King, with Aurelian)

2607

Billon Double-Denarius obv Laur., dr. and cuir. bust r. of Vabalathus rev IMP C AVRELIANVS AVG, rad., cuir. bust r. of Aurelian, officina letter below. RIC V, pt. I, p. 308, 381. Note: These dual-portrait coins were struck only at Antioch. To cope with the production demands, Aurelian added an officina to the eight already in use. The officinae are indicated by letters below the bust of Aurelian, with the ninth represented by 0 (in Greek) or AH (in Latin).

15ñ25

30ñ50

100ñ150

Vabalathus (Provincial Coinage)

chVF

2608	Billon Tetradrachm of Alexandria, 270/1. obv A K A AOM (or AYT K A A) AVPHAIANOC CEB, laur., dr., cuir, bust r. of Aurelian, LA(= yr.l of Aurelian) in field rev IAC OYABAΛΛΛωOC AΘN(O)V A(VT) CP(ω), laur.-diad., dr. and cuir, bust r. of Vabalathus, LΔ(=yr.4 of Vabalathus) in field. Milne 4303ñ26.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
2609	ó, 271/2. As prev., but obv LB(= yr.2 of Aurelian), rev LE(=yr.5 of Vabalathus). Milne 4330ñ48.	20ñ40	50ñ75	150ñ200
2610	Æ Drachm (c. 21ñ25mm), , 270/1. obv AVPHΛIANOC KAI AΘHNOΔωPOC, confr. busts of Aurelian, laur., dr. and cuir, at 1., and Vabalathus, dr. and wearing hem-hem crown at r. rev Wreath with LA(= yr.l of Aurelian) and LΔ(= yr.4 of Vabalathus). Milne 4327ñ9.	70ñ100	200ñ300	ó

Vabalathus (as Augustus, with Zenobia)

2611	Billon Double-Denarius obv Rad., dr. bust r. of Vabalathus rev Various types. RIC V, pt. II, p. 585, 1ñ8. Illustrated p. 479.	150ñ200	300ñ400	700ñ1000
2612	ó rev I WENT VS (IVENVS or VIRTVS) AVG, Hercules stg., lionís skin dr. over arm, leaning on club, hldg. apples. RIC 4,7.	150ñ200	300ñ400	900ñ1200

Vabalathus (Provincial Coinage)

chVF

2613	Billon Tetradrachm of Alexandria, 271/2. obv AVT K OYABAΛΛΛΘOC AΘNO CEB, laur., dr. and cuir, bust r. of Vabalathus rev Rad., dr. bust r. of Helios, LE(= yr.5 of Vabalathus) before. Milne 4349.	250ñ350	500ñ800	1000ñ1500
2614	ó rev Homonoia stg. 1., hldg. double-comucopiae and raising r. hand, LE(= yr.5 of Vabalathus) in field. Milne 4350-2.	300ñ400	900ñ1200	ó

THE ROMANO-BRITISH EMPLRE A.D. 286/7ñ296/7

Carausius, A.D. 286/7ñ293

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	CARAVSIVS P F AVG
	IMP (C) CARAVSIVS AVG
	IMP CARAVSIVS P F
	IMP (C) CARAVSIVS P F AVG
	VIRT(VS) CARAVSI (AVG)
	Note: The titles Pontifex Maximus and Augustus are often misspelled or are abbreviated improperly. Many other inscriptions are recorded.

Except where noted, busts are right-facing, laureate, draped and/or cuirassed.

Carausius (as Augustus)

2615	AV Aureus	4000ñ6000	10,000ñ15,000	30,000+
2616	ó obv V IRTVS CARAVSI, helm., cuir, half-bust 1., hldg. shield and spear rev ROMANO RENOVA, she-wolf and twins. RIC 534.	5000ñ8000	15,000ñ20,000	ó
2617	AR Denarius. Illustrated above.	250ñ350	900ñ1200	1500ñ2000
2618	ó obv Laur. half-bust 1. wearing consular robes and hldg. eagle-tipped scepter or globe rev Various types.	500ñ800	1500ñ2000	4000ñ6000
2619	ó rev ADVENTVS AVG, Carausius, hldg. scepter and saluting, on horseback 1., a captive std. below horseís raised r. foreleg. RIC 535ff.	250ñ350	1000ñ1500	1750ñ2250
2620	ó rev EXPECTAT(E or I) VENI, Britannia stg. at 1., hldg. standard or trident, greeting Carausius, stg. at r., hldg. scepter. RIC 554ñ7. Note: This and the previous type allude to Carausius arrival in Britain.	250ñ350	1000ñ1500	1750ñ2250
2621	ó rev VIRTVS AVG, rad. lion adv. 1., thunderbolt in jaws. RIC 591-2.	500ñ800	1500ñ2000	4000ñ6000

Carausius (as Augustus)

2622	ó rev VOTO PVBLICO or VOTVM PVBLIC(VM) around altar inscr. MVLTIS XX IMP in three lines. RIC 595ñ7. Note: This type seems to celebrate his fourth consulate, accompanied by a donative, vows and Saecular Games.	300ñ400	1000ñ1500	2000ñ3000
2623	Billon or Æ Double-Denarius obv Rad. bust r.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
2624	ó obv Full-facing bust, bare-headed, dr. and cuir. rev SALVS AVG, Salus stg. 1., hldg. scepter and feeding snake rising from altar. RIC 400.	400ñ600	1500ñ2000
2625	ó obv Laur. half-bust 1. wearing consular robes and hldg. eagle-tipped scepter or globe rev Various types.	70ñ100	250ñ350	500ñ800
2626	ó obv Rad., cuir. half-bust 1., hldg. shield and spear, sometimes wearing plumed helm, rev Various types.	50ñ75	150ñ200	400ñ600
2627	ó obv Jugate busts r. of Carausius, wearing consular robes, and Sol, hldg. whip rev PAX AVGVSTI, Pax adv. 1., hldg. branch and scepter. RIC 341.	200ñ300	700ñ1000
2628	ó rev COHR(T) (or COH) PRAET, four standards. RIC 13,741ñ2. Note: This reverse rather optimistically honors the praetorian guardsmen (cohorts) stationed in Rome.	70ñ100	250ñ350	500ñ800
2629	ó rev GENIO BRITANNI, Genius stg. 1. bef. altar, hldg. patera and cornucopiae. RIC 240.	70ñ100	250ñ350	500ñ800
2630	ó rev VICTOR(IA) GERMA(N) or VICT(ORIA) GER(M), trophy betw. two captives. RIC 432,5312,1030ñ1. Note: These types (and related issues inscribed GERMANICVS MAX V; RIC 39ñ40) probably refer to Carausius victories prior to his revolt, but they may allude to actions during the Carausian occupation of northeastern Gaul.	50ñ75	150ñ200	400ñ600
2631	ó rev Legionary types. RIC 55ñ84,268ñ76. Note: This large series seems to honor the legionary detachments which supported Carausius.	70ñ100	250ñ350	500ñ800
2632	ó rev PAX CARAVSI AVG, Pax stg. 1., hldg. branch and scepter. RIC 146.	50ñ75	150ñ200	400ñ600
2633	ó rev SAECVLARES AVG around cippus inscr. COS IIII. RIC 393.	100ñ150	300ñ400	ó
2634	ó rev TVTELA (AVG), Tutela stg. 1. by altar, hldg. patera, wreath (or flower) and cornucopia or scepter. RIC 682ñ9. Note: Variants exist.	70ñ100	250ñ350	500ñ800

Note: Carausius used several mints in Britain and Gaul, including (at the very least) London, Colchester, and Rouen. The mint marks are always on the reverse, in the exergue and/or in the field. RIC references are to volume V, pt. II, pp. 463ñ549.

Carausius (striking in names of Diocletian and Maximian)

2635	Billon or Æ Double-Denarius obv CARAVSIVS ET FRATRES SVI, jugate, rad., cuir, busts 1. of Carausius, Diocletian and Maximian rev PAX AVGGG, Pax stg. 1., hldg. branch and scepter. RIC 1. Note: Several other reverse types have been recorded since volume V of RIC was published in 1933.	700ñ1000	2000ñ3000	ó
2636	ó obv IMP C DIOCLETIAN VS P F AVG, rad., cuir, bust r. of Diocletian rev Various types with inscr. ending AVGGG. RIC 3ñ31. Note: Many obverse inscriptions and bust types are known.	20ñ40	70ñ100	250ñ350
2637	ó obv IMP C MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, rad., cuir, bust r. of Maximian rev As prev. RIC 32ñ49. Note: Many obverse inscriptions and types are known.	20ñ40	70ñ100	250ñ350
2638	ó obv Type normal to Carausius, with his bust and inscr. rev Various types with inscr. ending AVGGG. see RIC 334ñ6,43,62ñ72,8,443,95ñ6,510ñ12,21, etc.	20ñ40	50ñ75	200ñ300

Note: RIC references are to volume V, pt. II, pp. 550ñ6; the last entry refers to pp. 493ñ507.

Allectus, A.D. 293ñ296/7

MINISTER OF CARAUSIUS

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	(IMP) ALLECTVS P F AVG
	IMP C ALLECTVS P F AVG
	IMP C ALLECTVS P (or P F I) AVG
	IMP C ALLECTVS (PIVS) FELIX AVG
	IMP C ALLECTVS P F IN(V) AVG

Except where noted, busts are right-facing, laureate, draped and/or cuirassed.

Allectus (as Augustus)

2639	AV Aureus. Illustrated above.	5000ñ8000	15,000ñ3.,000	50,000+
2640	Billon Denarius rev SALVS AVG, Salus stg. 1., feeding snake in her arms. RIC 15.	700ñ1000	2000ñ3000	ó
2641	Billon or Æ Double-Denarius obv Rad. bust r.	15ñ25	50ñ75	200ñ300

Allectus (as Augustus)

2642	ó obv Helm., rad., cuir. half-bust 1., hldg. shield and spear rev PAX AVG, Pax stg. 1., hldg. branch and scepter. RIC 28.	70ñ100	250ñ350	500ñ800
2643	ó rev LEGIO II, lion adv. 1. RIC 24.	70ñ100	250ñ350	500ñ800
2644	ó rev ROMA AETER(N), Roma stg. 1. in temple. RIC 40,113.	50ñ75	150ñ200	400ñ600
2645	ó rev VIRTVS AVG, Hercules stg. 1. in temple. RIC 52.	50ñ75	150ñ200	400ñ600
2646	ó rev VIRTVS EXERCIT, four standards. RIC 123.	50ñ75	150ñ200	400ñ600
2647	Billon or Æ Reduced Double-Denarius obv Rad. bust r. rev LAETITIA AVG, galley variously outfitted. RIC 124ñ7. Note: This issue is usually misdescribed as a ëquinarius.í	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200
2648	ó As prev., but rev inscr. VIRTVS AVG. RIC 559,128ñ31. Note: Sometimes there is a bird on the mast, or Victory or Neptune is aboard.	15ñ25	50ñ75	150ñ200

Note: Though Allectus continued to use more than one mint (seemingly London and Colchester), he struck only in Britain because Carausius had lost the continental territories. Mint marks are always on the reverse, in the exergue and/or in the field. RIC references are to volume V, pt. II, pp. 558ñ570.

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