Ancient History & Civilisation

CHAPTER TWELVE

THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE, A.D. 364ñ480

Valentinian I, a.d. 364ñ375

A.D. 364ñ367: Sole reign

A.D. 367ñ375: Senior Augustus (with GRATian)

BROTHER OF VALENS

FATHER OF GRATIAN AND VALENTINIAN II

FATHER-IN-LAW OF THEODOSIUS I AND CONSTANTIA (d. OF CONSTANTIUS II)

GRANDFATHER OF GALLA PLACIDIA

GREAT-GRANDFATHER OF VALENTINIAN III AND HONORIA

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	D N Valentinianvs P F AVG (also used by Valentinian II & III)
	D N Valentinianvs AVG
	Valentinianvs AVG

Except where noted, busts are right-facing, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

Valentinian I (as A ugustus)

NMS

3483	AV ëFestaureusí obv Diad., dr., cuir, bust 1. rev Gloria Romanorvm, emperor, nimbate in facing quadriga, distributing coins. RIC IX, p.209, 1. Note: When this was struck the solidus was the Empireís standard gold coin and the aureus (at 60 to the Roman pound) was a ceremonial item representing a 1ñ1/5 solidus.	5000ñ8000	20,000ñ30,000	40,000ñ60,000
3484	AV Solidus	200ñ300	400ñ600	900ñ1200
3485	óobv Diad. half-bust 1., wearing consular robes hldg. mappa and scepter rev SALVS REIP,, emperor adv. 1., hldg. labarum and Victory on globe, foot on captive. RIC IX, p. 173, 3a.	500ñ800	1500ñ2000	ó
3486	AV Semissis	200ñ300	300ñ400	450ñ600
3487	AV 1ñ1/2 Scripulum (Nine-Siliqua)	500ñ800	900ñ1200	1250ñ1750

Valentinian I (as A ugustus)

3488	AR Heavy Miliarensis	400ñ600	1250ñ1750	2000ñ3000
3489	AR Light Miliarensis obv Bust r. or 1.	300ñ400	900ñ1200	1500ñ2000
3490	AR Heavy Siliqua obv Bust r. or 1.	150ñ200	300ñ400	700ñ1000
3491	AR Light Siliqua. Illustrated p. 577.	30ñ50	70ñ100	150ñ200
3492	Æ1	200ñ300	900ñ1200	ó
3493	Æ2 rev Gloria Romanorvm, campgate, Sabove.	200ñ300	900ñ1200	ó
3494	Æ3	5ñ15	20ñ40	70ñ100
3495	órev SECVRITAS Reipvblicae, emperor stg. facing, hldg. labarum and shield; officina mark (such as OF III) in field. RIC IX,, p.66, 17a.	15ñ25	30ñ50	100ñ150
	Note: For Festival of Isis issues, see nos. 3468ñ73.

Note: Though the inscription D N Valentinianvs P F AVG is used by all three Valentinians, their coins can be distinguished by the portraits styles: Valentinian I is broad-headed and middle-aged, Valentinian II has a long, thin and youthful profile, A.D. in comparison to both, Valentinian Illís effigy is simplisticly engraved.

Gratian, A.D.367ñ383

A.D. 367ñ375: Junior Augustus (with Valentinian I)

A.D. 375ñ383: Senior Augustus (with Valentinian II)

SON OF VALENTINIAN I

HUSBAND OF CONSTANTIA

(d. OF CONSTATIUS II)

NEPHEW OF VALENS

HALF-BROTHER OF VALENTINIAN II

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	D N GRATIANVS P F AVG
	D N GRATIANVS AVG
	D N GRATIANVS AVGG AVG

Except where noted, busts are right-facing, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

GRATian (as A ugustus)

NMS

3496	AV Solidus	200ñ300	400ñ600	900ñ1200
3497	AV Semissis	200ñ300	300ñ400	450ñ600
3498	AV 1ñ1/2 Scripulum (Nine-Siliqua)	500ñ800	900ñ1200	1250ñ1750

GRATian (as A ugustus)

3499	AR Heavy Miliarensis	400ñ600	1250ñ1750	2000ñ3000
3500	AR Light Miliarensis obv Bust r. or 1. Illustrated p. 578.	300ñ400	900ñ1200	1500ñ2000
3501	AR Heavy Siliqua	250ñ350	500ñ800	ó
3502	AR Light Siliqua	30ñ50	70ñ100	150ñ200
3503	órev Perpetvetas, Phoenix stg. 1. on globe.RIC IX,, p.25, 56a.	150ñ200	700ñ1000	ó
3504	AR Heavy Half-Siliqua	250ñ350	500ñ800	ó
3505	AR Light Half-Siliqua	250ñ350	500ñ800	ó
3506	Æ1	200ñ300	900ñ1200	ó
3507	Æ2	5ñ15	30ñ50	100ñ150
3508	órev GLORIA ROMANORVM, campgate, S above.	200ñ300	900ñ1200	ó
3509	Æ3	5ñ15	20ñ40	70ñ100
3510	órev GLORIA NOVI SAECVLI,, emperor stg. facing, hldg. labarum and shield; officina mark (such as OF III) infield. RIC Ix, p.66, 15.	15ñ25	3 0ñ50	100ñ150
3511	Æ4	5ñ15	20ñ40	ó
	Note: For Festival of Isis issues, see nos. 3478ñ80.

The values are estimates for conservatively graded, essentially problem-free coins. Defects or merits will alter prices, often significantly. Dashes (ó) indicate values which cannot be accurately determined (at the high end) or which are negligible (at the low end). Coins with the same value range are not always equally valuable, for they may represent different ends of the same spectrum.

Valentinian II, A.D. 375ñ392

A.D. 375ñ 383:Junior Augustus

(with G ratian)

A.D. 383ñ392 : Sole reign

SON OF VALENTINIAN I

HALF-BROTHER OF GRATIAN

NEPHEW OF VALENS

BROTHER-IN-LAW OF THEODOSIUS I

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	D N Valentinianvs P F AVG (also used by Valentinian I & III)
	D N Valentinianvs IVN P F AVG

Except where noted, busts are right-facing, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

Valentinian II (as A ugustus)

NMS

3512	AV Solidus	200ñ300	400ñ600	900ñ1200
3513	AV Semissis	200ñ300	300ñ400	450ñ600
3514	AV 1ñ1/2 Scripulum (Nine-Siliqua). Illustrated above.	500ñ800	900ñ1200	1250ñ1750
3515	AV Tremissis	100ñ150	200ñ300	350ñ500

Valentinian II (as A ugustus)

3516	AR Heavy Miliarensis	400ñ600	1250ñ1750	2000ñ3000
3517	AR Light Miliarensis obv Bust r. or 1.	300ñ400	900ñ1200	1500ñ2000
3518	AR Heavy Siliqua	250ñ350	500ñ800	ó
3519	AR Light Siliqua	30ñ50	70ñ100	150ñ200
3520	órev Perpetvetas, Phoenix stg. 1. on globe. RIC Ix, p.25, 56b.	150ñ200	700ñ1000	ó
3521	AR Heavy Half-Siliqua	250ñ350	500ñ800	ó
3522	AR Heavy Half-Siliqua	250ñ350	500ñ800	ó
3523	ëMedallicí Æ 1 obv Helm., diad., cuir, half-bust r., hldg. shield and scepter with Chi-Rho top rev GLORIA ROMANORVM,, Roma std. 1. on shield, hldg. spear and Victory. RIC IX,, p. 125, 37.	ó	ó	ó
3524	Æ1 rev Victory adv.	200ñ300	900ñ1200	ó
3525	Æ2.	5ñ15	30ñ50	100ñ150
3526	Æ3	5ñ15	20ñ40	70ñ100
3527	Æ4	5ñ15	20ñ40	ó
	Note: For Festival of Isis issues, see nos. 3481ñ2.

Magnus Maximus, A.D.383ñ388

A.D. 383ñ387: Sole reign

A.D. 387ñ388: Senior Augustus

(with Flavius Victor)

FATHER OF FLAVIUS VICTOR

Obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	D N MAG MAXIMVS P F AVG
	D N MAXIMVS P F AVG (æs of Constantinople)

Busts are right-facing, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

Magnus M aximus (as A ugustus)

NMS

3528	AV Solidus. Illustrated above.	1750ñ2250	2500ñ4000	4500ñ6000
3529	AV Semissis	1750ñ2250	3000ñ5000	ó
3530	AV Tremissis	1000ñ1500	1750ñ2250	ó

Magnus M aximus (as A ugustus)

3531	AR Heavy Miliarensis	900ñ1200	1750ñ2250	5000ñ8000
3532	AR Light Miliarensis	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000	4000ñ6000
3533	AR Light Siliqua	30ñ50	70ñ100	200ñ300
3534	Æ2	50ñ75	200ñ300	400ñ600
3535	Æ4 (large module of c. 14ñ16mm) Note: This larger size of Magnus Maximusí small bronzes seems only to have been struck at Trier, Lugdunum and Arelate; apparently none were struck for his son.	50ñ75	200ñ300	400ñ600
3536	Æ4 (small module of c. 12ñ13mm)	30ñ50	150ñ200	300ñ500

Note: Some of this usurperís coins were struck at Theodosian mints, including Constantinopie, from extremely rare solidi and Æ 2 ís are attested. The evidence is clear on this point (see D.O. pp. 101ñ2). Thus, we must consider that some coins of Valentinian II, Theodosius I and Arcadius with AVGGGg on the reverse (see RIC IX, 224ñ5, nos. 46ñ7) belong to the period of Maximusí recognition, mid-384 to mid-387, rather than to the earlier period, 378ñ383, when the same inscription would have referred to GRATian, Valentinian II, Theodosius I and Arcadius.

Flavius Victor, A.D. 387ñ388

Junior Augustus (with Magnus Maximus)

SON OF MAGNUS MAXIMUS

Obverse inscription:

Augustus:	D N FL VICTOR P F AVG
	Note: There are variants of this main inscription.

Busts are right-facing, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

Flavius Victor (as Augustus)

NMS

3537	AV Solidus	5000ñ8000	10,000ñ15,000	20,000ñ30,000
3538	órev BONO Reipvblice NATI, two emperors std. facing, Victory with spread wings behind. RIC Ix, p.79, 15.	5000ñ8000	10,000ñ15,000	ó
3539	AV Semissis	4000ñ6000	10,000ñ15,000	ó
3540	AV Tremissis	1750ñ2250	3000ñ5000	ó

Flavius Victor (as A ugustus)

3541	AR Light Siliqua Illustrated above.	100ñ150	200ñ300	400ñ600
3542	Æ4 rev Campgate.	50ñ75	200ñ300	ó

Eugenius, A.D. 392ñ394

Obverse inscription:

Augustus:

D N EVGENIYS P F AVG

Busts are right-facing, bearded, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

Eugenius (as Augustus)

NMS

3543	AV Solidus	10,000ñ15,000	20,000ñ30,000	35,000ñ50,000
3544	AV Tremissis	3000ñ5000	6000ñ9000	ó

Eugenius (as A ugustus)

3545	AR Heavy Miliarensis	2000ñ3000	5000ñ8000	15,000ñ20,000
3546	AR Light Miliarensis	1500ñ2000	4000ñ6000	10,000ñ15,000
3547	AR Light Siliqua Illustrated above.	100ñ150	200ñ300	400ñ600
3548	AR Light Half-Siliqua	200ñ300	500ñ800	ó
3549	Æ4	50ñ75	250ñ350	ó

Honorius, A.B. 393ñ423

Sole reign (except 421, with Constantius III)

SON OF THEODOSIUS I AND AELIA FLACCILLA

BROTHER OF ARCADIUS

BROTHER-IN-LAW OF AELIA EUDOXIA

UNCLE OF THEODOSIUS II AND

AELIA PULCHERIA

HALF-BROTHER OF GALLA PLACIDIA

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	D N HONORI AVG
	D N HONORIVS P F AVG
	D N ONORIVS P F AVG

Except where noted, busts are right-facing, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

Honorius (as Augustus)

NMS

3550	AV ëFestaureusí rev Gloria Romanorvm, Victory adv. 1., hldg. wreath and palm. RIC 1203. Note: When this was struck the solidus was the Empireís standard gold coin and the aureus (at 60 to the Roman pound) was a ceremonial item representing a 1ñ1/5 solidus.	2500ñ3500	5000ñ8000	12,000ñ15,000
3551	AV Solidus	200ñ300	400ñ600	900ñ1200
3552	ñ obv Helm., diad. half-bust 3/4ñfacing, hldg. shield and spear rev Various types. Illustrated p. 583.	150ñ250	300ñ400	500ñ800
3553	óobv Helm., diad., dr. and cuir, bust r. rev VICTO RIA AVGGG,, emperor stg. facing, foot on lion, crowned by hand of God, hldg. sword and p-cross scepter, RV in field, COB in ex. RIC 1310.	250ñ350	500ñ750	1500ñ2000
3554	óobv Diad. half-bust 1., wearing consular robes, hldg. mappa and eagle-tipped scepter rev Vota Pvblica, two emperors std. facing, MD in field, COMOB in ex. RIC 1207.	600ñ900	1500ñ2000	25,000ñ35,000
3555	óobv Full-facing diad. bust, wearing consular robes, hldg. mappa and scepter rev VO T XXX MVLT XXXX,, emperor std. facing, hldg. mappa and eagle-tipped scepter, RV in field, COMOB in ex. RIC 1330.	4000ñ6000	15,000+	ó
3556	AV Semissis	200ñ300	300ñ400	45ñ600
3557	AV Tremissis	100ñ150	200ñ300	350ñ500

3555

Honorius (as A ugustus)

3558	AR Heavy Miliarensis	400ñ600	1250ñ1750	2000ñ3000
3559	AR Light Miliarensis obv Bust r. or 1.	300ñ400	900ñ1200	1500ñ2000
3560	AR Light Siliqua	30ñ50	70ñ100	150ñ200
3561	AR Light Half-Siliqua	100ñ150	250ñ350	400ñ600
3562	Æ2 rev Gloria Romanorvm, emperor stg. facing, hldg. standard and globe. RIC 55.	5ñ15	30ñ50	100ñ150
3563	Æ 3	5ñ15	20ñ40	70ñ100
3564	Æ4 rev Cross.	5ñ15	20ñ40	ó

Constantine III, A.D. 407ñ411

A.D.407ñ408 :Sole Reign

A.D. 408ñ409 /410 : Augustus

(with Constans II, as Caesar)

A.D. 409/410ñ411 : Senior Augustus

(with Constans II)

FATHER OF CONSTANS II

Obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	D N CONSTANTINVS P F AVG(also used by Constantine I & Constantine II)
	FL CL CONSTANTINVS AVG(also used by Constantine II)
	FL CL CONSTANTINVS P F AVG(also used by Constantine II)

Busts are right-facing, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

Constantine III (as A ugustus)

NMF

3565	AV Solidus rev VIC TO RIA AVGGG (or AAVGGG, AAAVGGGG),, emperor stg. r., hldg. standard and Victory on globe, foot on captive; various mint marks. RIC 1502ff.	2000ñ3000	3000ñ5000	5000ñ8000
3566	AV Tremissis rev VIC TO RIA AAVGGG,, Victory adv. r., hldg. wreath and globe, Ar in field, CONOB in ex. RIC 1524.	1750ñ2250	3000ñ5000	ó

Constantine III (as A ugustus)

3567	AR Light Siliqua rev VICTO RIA AAVGGG (or AAAVGGGG), Roma std. 1., hldg. spear and Victory on globe, various mint marks. RIC 1525ff. Illustrated above.	200ñ300	400ñ600	900ñ1200
3568	Æ4 rev Victo Ria Avggg, Victory adv. 1., hldg wreath and palm, Lvgp in ex. RIC 1546.	ó	ó	ó

Note: Though Constantine Illís obverse inscriptions were used previously by Constantine I and Constantine II, his coins are easily distinguished by their cruder style and fabric. Half-sil-iquae in the name of Constantine III with an anepigraphic reverse depicting a Chi-Rho flanked by an Alpha and Omega are considered by some authorities to be false.

Constans II, A.D. 409/10ñ411

A.D. 408ñ409/10: Caesar (under Constantine III)

A.D. 409/410ñ411: Junior Augustus(with Constantine III)

SON OF CONSTANTINE III

Obverse inscription:

Augustus:

D N CONSTANS P F AVG (also used by Constans)

Constans II (as A ugustus)

3569	AR Light Siliqua obv Diad., dr., cuir, bust r. rev VICTORIA AAAVGGGG,, Roma std. 1. on cuirass, hldg. Victory on globe and spear, SMTR in ex. RIC 1540.	5000ñ8000	12,000ñ18,000	25,000ñ30,000
3570	óAs prev., but in KONT ex. RIC 1540ñ1. Note: Constans II sometimes wears a laurel-and-rosette diadem on this issue of Arles.	5000ñ8000	12,000ñ18,000	25,000ñ30,000

Note: Constans IPs siliquae are easily distinguished from those of Constans (A.D. 337ñ350) with the same inscription by their crude style and fabric and their different reverse type.

Maximus, A.D. 409ñ411

SON OF GERONTIUS(?)

Obverse inscription:

Augustus:

D N MAXIMVS P F AVG

Busts are right-facing, bearded, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

Maximus (as Augustus)

3571	AR Light Siliqua rev VICTOR(sic) AAAVGGG, Roma std. 1. on cuirass, hldg. spear and Victory on globe, SMBA in ex. RIC 1601. Note: Forgeries exist with the mint mark Smb. Illustrated above.	900ñ1200	2000ñ3000	4000ñ6000
3572	Æ 2(c. 20mm) rev VICTORIA AVGGG, emperor stg. 1., hldg. Victory on globe, raising kneeling fig., Smba in ex. RIC 1602ñ3. 3573 Æ 3 or Æ 4 (c. 12mm) rev As	ó	ó	ó
3573	Æ3 or Æ 4 (c. 12mm) rev As prev., but type of Victory adv. 1., hldg. wreath and palm. RIC 1604.	200ñ300	500ñ800	ó

Priscus Attalus

First Reign,

A.D. 409ñ410

Obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	IMP PRISCVS ATTALVS P F AVG
	IMP PRISCVS ATTALVS P F AVG
	PRISCVS ATTALVS P F AVG

Busts are right-facing, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

Priscus Attalus (as Augustus, First Reign)

NMS

3574	AV Solidus. Illustrated above.	7000ñ10,000	15,000ñ20,000	30,000ñ50,000
3575	AV Tremissis	4000ñ6000	7000ñ10,000	ó

Priscus Attalus (as Augustus, First Reign)

3576	AR Medallion of 24 Siliquae rev INVICTA ROMA AETERNA,, Roma std. facing, hldg. spear and Victory on globe, lionís heads decorating sides of throne. RIC 1408. Note: This massive piece (c. 50mm) was the silver equivalent of a gold solidus.	10,000ñ15,000	30,000ñ40,000	75,000+
3577	AR Heavy Miliarensis	4000ñ6000	15,000ñ20,000	ó
3578	AR Light Miliarensis	4000ñ6000	15,000ñ20,000	ó
3579	AR Light Siliqua	3000ñ5000	7000ñ10,000	ó
3580	óof Ravenna(?) or of Visigothic manufacture(?) rev VICTORI AAVGG (or AVGGG), Roma std. 1., in ex. PSRV RIC 3701ñ2. Note: Some authorities attribute this issue to Attalusí second reign.	ó	ó	ó
3581	AR Light Half-Siliqua rev VICTO RIA ROMANORVM,, Victory adv. 1., hldg. wreath and palm, PST in ex. RIC 1413.	3000ñ5000	7000ñ10,000	ó
3582	Æ3	ó	ó	ó
3583	Æ4 obv Partial inscr.: Ö. TALVSÖ, bust r. rev Victory adv. 1., RM in ex. Unlisted in RIC.	1000ñ1500	ó	ó

Note: Coins of Priscus Attalusí second reign are listed as nos. 3589ñ90.

Jovinus, A.D. 411ñ413

A.D. 411ñ412: Sole reign

A.D. 412ñ413: Senior Augustus

(with Sebastianus)

BROTHER OF SEBASTIANUS

Obverse inscription:

Augustus:

D N IOVINVS P F AVG (the AVG sometimes in ligature)

Busts are right-facing, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

Jovinus (as Augustus)

NMS

3584	AV Solidus rev VICTORIA AVGG, emperor stg. r., hldg. standard and Victory on globe, foot on captive. RIC 1701ñ2.	7000ñ10,000	15,000ñ20,000	30,000ñ50,000
3585	óAs prev., but rev inscr. RESTITVTORREIR RIC 1703ñ8.	7000ñ10,000	15,000ñ20,000	30,000ñ50,000

Jovinus (as Augustus)

3586	AR Light Siliqua rev VIC TO RIA AVGG,, Roma std. 1. on stylized cuirass or chair, hldg. Victory on globe and spear. RIC 1718ñ9. Illustrated above.	700ñ1000	1250ñ1750	ó
3587	óAs prev., but rev inscr. RESTITV TO R REIR RIC 1720ñ1.	700ñ1000	1250ñ1750	ó

Note: Half-siliquae in the name of Jovinus with an anepigraphic reverse depicting a Chi-Rho flanked by an Alpha and Omega are considered false by some authorities. Also, examples of Jovinusí siliquae which seemingly are of double-weight are doubted by some authorities.

Sebastianus,A.D. 412ñ413

Junior Augustus(with Jovinus)

BROTHER OF JOVINUS

Obverse inscription:

Augustus:

D N SEBASTIAN VS P F AVG (the AVG sometimes in ligature)

Sebastianus (as Augustus)

3588

AR Light Siliqua obv Diad., dr., cuir bust r. rev VICTORIA AVGG, Roma std. 1 on stylized cuirass or chair, hldg. Victory on globe and spear, Kont in ex. RIC 1718ñ9. Illustrated above.

5000ñ15000

10,000ñ15,000

25,000+

Priscus Attalus

Second Reign, A.D.415ñ416

Obverse inscription:

Augustus:

IMP PRISCVS ATTALVS P F AVG

Priscus Attalus (as Augustus, Second Reign)

NMS

3589

AV Solidus obv Diad., dr., cuir bust r. rev RESTITVTIO REIP, emperor hldg. standard and raising kneeling fig.; NB in field, COMOB in ex. RIC 1416. Note: Though the mint mark allows attribution of this solidus to Narbonne, the siliqua below is variously attributed to Narbonne or Ravenna.

Priscus A ttalus (as Augustus, Second Reign)

3590

AR Light Siliqua As prev., but rev Roma std. 1. RIC 1417. Note: Attalusí siliquae with the mint mark PSRV (no. 3580) may be from his second reign.

Note: Coins of Priscus Attalusí first reign are listed as nos. 3574ñ83.

Constantius III, A.D. 421

Junior Augustus (with Honorius)

SECOND HuSBAND OF GALLA PLACIDIA

FATHER OF VALENTINIAN III AND HONORIA

HALF-BROTHER-IN-LAW OF HONORIUS AND ARCADIUS

FATHER-IN-LAW OF LICINIA EUDOXIA

GRANDFATHER OF PLACIDIA THE YOUNGER (w. OF OLYBRIUS)

Obverse inscription:

Augustus:

D N CON STANTIVS P F AVG (also used by Constantius II)

Constantius III (as Augustus)

NMS

3591	AV Solidus obv Diad., dr., cuir bust r. rev V ICTORIA AVGGG,, emperor stg. facing., hldg. standard and Victory on globe, foot upon captive, RV in field, COMOB in ex. RIC 1325. Illustrated above.	5000ñ8000	10,000ñ15,000	20,000ñ30,000
3592	AV Tremissis obv As prev. rev VICTO RIAAVGVSTORVM,, Victory adv., hldg. wreath and globus cruciger, RV in field, COM or COMOB in ex. RIC 1339 & 1341.	3000ñ5000	5500ñ8000	ó

Note: Because of their cruder style and fabric and their different reverse type, the solidi of Constantius III are easily distinguished from those of Constantius II (A.D. 337ñ361) with the same inscription. Constantius II did not strike tremisses.

Galla Placidia

Augusta, A.D. 421ñ450

DAUGHTER OF THEODOSIUS I

WIFE OF ATHAULF (THE VISIGOTH) AND

CONSTANTIUS III

MOTHER OF VALENTINIAN III and HONORIA

HALF-SISTER OF ARCADIUS AND HONORIUS

MOTHER-IN-LAW OF LICINIA EUDOXIA

Obverse inscriptions:

Augusta:	D N GALLA PLACIDIA P F AVG
	AEL PLACIDIA AVG
	GALLA PLACIDIA AVG

Except where noted, busts are right-facing, diademed and draped.

Galla Placidia (as Augusta)

NMS

3593	AV Solidus obv Diad., dr. bust r., crowned by hand of God rev VOT XX MVLT XXX, Victory stg. 1., hldg. long cross, star and RM or RV in field, COMOB in ex. RIC 2007ff. Illustrated above.	3000ñ5000	6000ñ8000	9000ñ12,000
3594	óAs prev., but rev officina letter following inscr., no mint letters in field, CONOB in ex. RIC 230ñ1. Note: Other types of eastern solidi were also struck.	ó	ó	ó
3595	AV Semissis rev SALVS REIPVBLICAE, Chi-Rho in wreath, COMOB in ex. RIC 2054.	2000ñ3000	4000ñ6000	7000ñ10,000
3596	AV Tremissis rev No inscr., cross in wreath, COMOB in ex. RIC 2066ñ7.	1000ñ1500	2000ñ3000	3500ñ5000

Galla Placidia (as Augusta)

3597	AR Light Siliqua rev SALVS REIPVBLICAE, Victory std. r. on cuirass, inscr. Chi-Rho on shield, RVPS in ex. RIC 2082.	400ñ600	1500ñ2000	ó
3598	AR Light Half-Siliqua rev No inscr., Chi-Rho in wreath, RV in ex. RIC 2092.	400ñ600	1250ñ1750	ó
3599	Æ4	150ñ200	400ñ600	ó

Note: Siliquae and half-siliquae of Galla Placidia with mint marks of Aquileia are considered false by some authorities.

Johannes, A.D. 423ñ425

Obverse inscription:

Augustus:

D N IOHANNES P F AVG

Busts are right-facing, bearded, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

Johannes (as Augustus)

NMS

3600	AV Solidus revVICTO RIA AVGGG,, emperor stg. r., hldg. standard and Victory on globe, foot on captive, RV or MD in field, COMOB in ex. RIC 1901ñ2. Illustrated above.	3000ñ5000	6000ñ8000	10,000ñ15,000
3601	AV Semissis rev VICTO RIA AVGVSTORVM, Victory std. r. on cuirass, hldg. shield inscr. with Chi-Rho supported by column and Genius, RV in field, COMOB in ex. RIC 1903.	2000ñ3000	ó
3602	AV Tremissis As prev., but rev Victory adv., hldg. wreath and Victory on globe. RIC 1904ñ6.	1500ñ2000	3000ñ5000	ó

Johannes (as Augustus)

3603	AR Light Siliqua rev VRBS ROMA, Roma std. 1., hldg. scepter and Victory on globe, RVPS in ex. RIC 1907.	3000ñ5000	7000ñ10000	ó
3604	AR Light Half-Siliqua rev VICTORIA AVGG, Victory adv. 1., hldg. wreath and palm, RV in ex. RIC 1908.	3000ñ5000	7000ñ10000	ó
3605	Æ4 rev As prev., but PCON or RM in ex. RIC 1909ñ11.	100ñ150	500ñ800	ó
3606	órev SALVS Reipvblice, Victory adv. 1., hldg. trophy, dragging captive, p-cross in field, RM, PRM or RPM in ex. RIC 1912ñ23.	100ñ150	500ñ800	ó

Note: The portraits on most of Johannesí precious metal issues are rosette-diademed, whereas his bronzes are pearl-diademed.

Valentinian III, A.D. 425ñ455

A.D. 424ñ425 : Caesar

(under Theod osius II)

A.D. 425ñ455 : Sole reign

SON OF CONSTANTIUS III AND GALLA PLACIDIA

FIRST HUSBAND OF LICINIA EUDOXIA

BROTHER OF HONORIA

GRANDSON OF THEODOSIUS I (AND GALLA)

GREAT-GRANDSON OF VALENTINIAN I (AND JUSTINA)

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	D N PLA VALENTINIANVS P F AVG
	D N PL VALENTINIANVS P F AVG
	D N VALENTINIANVS P F AVG (also used by Valentinian I & II)
	D N VALENTINIANO (or further abbreviated; for æs only)

Except where noted, busts are right-facing, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

Valentinian III (as Augustus)

NMS

3607	AV Solidus. Illustrated above.	200ñ300	400ñ600	900ñ1200
3608	óobvDiad. half-bust 1., wearing consular robes, hldg. mappa and cross-headed scepter rev VOT XXX MVLT XXXX, emperor stg. facing, raising kneeling female, RM in field, COMOB in ex. RIC 2040ñ6.	600ñ1000	1500ñ2000	3000ñ4000
3609	óAs prev., but rev Various inscr., emperor std. facing, hldg. mappa and long cross, RV in field, COMOB in ex. RIC 2032ñ6.	600ñ1000	1500ñ2000	3000ñ4000
3610	AV Semissis	700ñ1000	1500ñ2000	2500ñ3500
3611	AV Tremissis	100ñ150	200ñ300	350ñ500

Valentinian III (as Augustus)

3612	AR Light. Siliqua.	900ñ1200	1500ñ2000	ó
3613	AR Light Half-Siliqua.	900ñ1200	1500ñ2000	ó
3614	Æ2 (c. 20mm) obv Helm., diad., bearded half-bustr., hldg. shield and spear rev CONCORDIA AGV, two emperors nimbate stg. facing, each hldg. spear A.D. betw. them, a long cross. RIC 461.	50ñ75	200ñ300	ó
3615	ìÆî3(c. 15mm)	70ñ100	250ñ350	ó
3616	Æ4	50ñ75	150ñ200	ó

Note: Though the inscription D N VALENTINIANVS P F AVG is used by all three Valentinians, their coins can be distinguished by the portraits styles: Valentinian I is broad-headed and middle-aged, Valentinian II has a long, thin and youthful profile, A.D. in comparison to both, Valentinian Illís effigy is simplisticly engraved. For solidi depicting V lentinian III as Caesar see no. 3739; for solidi depicting him as Augustus see no. 3740.

Honoria

Augusta, A.D. 426(?)ñ450(?)

SISTER OF VALENTINIAN III

DAUGHTER OF CONSTANTIUS III AND

GALLA PLACIDIA

SISTER-IN-LAW OF LICINIA EUDOXIA

Obverse inscription:

Augusta:	D N IVST GRAT HONORIA P F AVG
	Note:This inscription on tremisses sometimes has GRT for GRAT.

Except where noted, busts are right-facing, diademed and draped.

Honoria (as Augusta)

NMS

3617	AV Solidus obv Diad., dr. bust r., crowned by hand of God rev BONO REIPVBLICAE,, Victory stg. 1., hldg. long cross, star above, RM in field, COMOB in ex. RIC 2022. Illustrated above.	2000ñ3000	5000ñ8000	10000ñ15000
3618	AV Semissis rev SALVS REIPVBLICAE,, Chi-Rho in wreath, COMOB in ex. RIC 2053ff.	2000ñ3000	5000ñ7000	8000ñ10000
3619	AV Tremissis rev No inscr., cross in wreath, COMOB in ex. RIC 2063ff.	1500ñ2000	2500ñ4000	4500ñ6000

Licinia Eudoxia

Augusta, A.D. 439ñc.490

WIFE OF VALENTINIAN III AND PETRONIUS MAXIMUS

DAUGHTER OF THEODOSIUS II AND AELIA EUDOCIA

DAUGHTER-IN-LAW OF CONSTANTIUS III and GALLA PLACIDIA

SISTER-IN-LAW OF HONORIA

Obverse inscription:

Augusta:	AEL EVDOXIA AVG (also used by Aelia Eudoxia)
	D N ELIA EVDOXIA P F AVG
	LICINIA EVDOXIA P F AVG

Except where noted, busts are right-facing, diademed and draped.

Licinia Eudoxia (as Augusta)

NMS

3620	AV Solidus obv LICINIA EVDOXIA P F AVG, dr. full-facing bust, wearing rad. headdress and diadem with cross rev SALVS REIPVBLICAE, empress enthroned facing, RV in field, COMOB in ex. RIC 2023. Illustrated above.	7000ñ10000	20000ñ30000	ó
3621	óobv AEL EVDOXIA AVG,, diad., dr. bust r., crowned by hand of God rev Various inscr., Constantinopolis std. 1., hldg. globus cruciger and scepter. RIC 264, 290, 298, 306, 318, 328ñ9.	1750ñ2250	3500ñ5500	6000ñ8000
3622	óobv As prev. rev VICTO RIA AVGGG, Victory stg. 1., hldg. long cross, COMOB in ex. RIC 513. Note: This issue was struck under Marcian.	1750ñ2250	5000ñ8000	ó
3623	AV Tremissis obv AEL EVDOXIA AVG, diad., dr. bust r. rev No inscr., cross in wreath, CONOB* in ex. RIC 336, 346 & 522.
3624	óAs prev., but obv D N ELIA EVDOXIA P F AVG. RIC 2074. Note: This issue (attributed to Rome or Ravenna under Valentinian III) is obverse die-linked to the half-siliqua that follows.	ó	ó	ó

Licinia Eudoxia (as Augusta)

3625

AR Light Half-Siliqua obv As prev. rev No inscr., Chi-Rho in wreath. RIC 2093.

Note: Licinia Eudoxiaís gold coinage with the inscription AEL EVDOXIA AVG is often confused with coins bearing the same inscription issued for her grandmother, Aelia Eudoxia. The confusion only exists with certain solidi and tremisses of Constantinople, for in all other cases the obverse inscription, the mint, or the denomination allows them to be separated. The coins in question can be distinguished as follows: 1) solidi: Aelia Eudoxia uses a seated Victory reverse type, Licinia Eudoxia does not; 2) tremisses: since both women use the same reverse type ó cross in wreath ó the diagnostic is the mint mark, with CON being used by Aelia Eudoxia, and CONOB* being used by Licinia Eudoxia.

Petronius Maximus, A.D. 455

SECOND HUSBAND OF LICINIA EUDOXIA

SON-IN-LAW OF THEODOSIUS II AND AELIA EUDOCIA

Obverse inscription:

Augustus:

D N PETRONIVS MAXIMVS P F AVG

Petronius Maximus (as Augustus)

NMS

3626	AV Solidus obv Diad., dr., cuir bust r. rev VICTO RIA AVGGG, emperor stg. facing, hldg. long cross and Victory on globe, foot upon human-headed serpent, RM in field, COMOB in ex. RIC 2201ñ2. Illustrated above.	7000ñ10000	15000ñ20000	20000ñ30000
3627	óAs prev., but RV in field on rev. RIC 2203. Note: This issue of Ravenna shows Petronius Maximus wearing a rosette-diadem, whereas on the solidus above, from Rome, he wears a pearl-diadem.	7000ñ10000	15000ñ20000	20000ñ30000

Avit US,A.D. 455ñ456

Obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	D N AVITVS PERP AVG (or AG)
	D N (or A N) AVITVS PERP F AVG
	D N AVITVS P F AVG

The values are estimates for conservatively graded, essentially problem-free coins. Defects or merits will alter prices, often significantly. Dashes (ó) indicatevalues which cannot be accurately determined (at the high end) or which are negligible (at the low end). Coins with the same value range are not always equally valuable, for they may represent different ends of the same spectrum.

Busts are right-facing, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

AVitus (as Augustus)

NMS

3628	AV Solidus rev VICTORIA AVGGG, emperor stg. r., hldg. long cross (or standA.D. and Victory on globe, foot on captive, AR, MD or RM in field, COMOB in ex. RIC 2401ff. Illustrated p. 595.	6000ñ9000	17000ñ25000	35000+
3629	AV Tremissis rev No inscr., cross in wreath, COMOB in ex. RIC 2405ff.	4000ñ6000	ó	ó

AVitus (as Augustus)

3630	AR Light Siliqua rev VRBIS ROMA,, Roma std. 1., hldg. spear and Victory on globe, RMPS in ex. RIC 2410.	4000ñ6000	ó	ó
3631	Æ4	ó	ó	ó

Note:Avitus is shown bearded on his solidi from Arelate and Milan, whereas on all other of his coins he is clean-shaven.

Majorian, A.D. 457ñ461

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	D N IVLI VS MAIORIANVS P F AVG
	D N IVL MAIORI AN VS P F AVG
	D N M AIORIAN VS P F AVG
	Note: Many varieties of Majorianís inscriptions are recorded.

Majorian (as Augustus)

NMS

3632	AV Solidus obv Helm., diad., dr., cuir, bust r., hldg. spear and shield inscr. with Chi-Rho rev VICTORIA AVGGG, emperor stg. facing, hldg. long cross and Victory on globe. RIC 2605ff. llustrated above.	2000ñ3000	3500ñ5500	6000ñ8000
3633	óobv Diad., full-facing half-bust, wearing consular robes, hldg. mappa and long cross rev VOTIS MVLTIS, two emperors enthroned facing, RV in field, COMOB in ex. RIC 2601ñ3.	ó	ó	ó
3634	óobv Diad., dr., cuir, bust r. rev As 3632. RIC 2604.	ó	ó	ó
3635	AV Tremissis obv As 333 revCross in wreath. RIC 2611.	1000ñ1500	1750ñ2250	ó

Majorian (as Augustus)

3636	AR Light Siliqua or Half-Siliqua obv As prev. rev VICTORIA AVGG, Victory stg. 1., hldg. long cross. RIC 2650ñ3.	3000ñ5000	7000ñ10000	ó
3637	Æ3 or Æ4 obv As 3634.	100ñ150	500ñ800	ó

Note:Siliquae/half-siliquae of Avitus with the reverse type VOTIS MVLTIS, emperor stg. facing, hldg. spear and shield (RIC 2649), are seemingly false.

Libius Severus (Severus III),

A.D. 461ñ465

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	D N LIBIVS SEVERVS PERPETV AVG
	D N LIBIVS SEVERVS P F AVG
	D N LIB SEVERVS P F AVG
	Note: Varieties of these inscriptions exist.

Busts are right-facing, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

Libius Severus (as Augustus)

NMS

3638	AV Solidus rev VICTORIA AVGGG,, empror stg. facing, hldg. long cross and Victory on globe, foot on human-headed serpent, RV, RM, MD or AR in field, COMOB in ex. RIC 2702ff. Illustra ed above.	2000ñ3000	3500ñ5500	6000ñ8000
3639	AV Semissis rev SALVS REIPVBLICAE, Chi-Rho in wreath, COMOB in ex. RIC 2707ñ8.	2000ñ3000	3500ñ5500	ó
3640	AV Tremissis rev No inscr., cross in wreath, COMOB in ex. RIC 2709ff.	1000ñ1500	1750ñ2250	3500ñ5000

Libius Severus (as Augustus)

3641	AR Light Siliqua rev VRBIS ROMA, Roma std. 1. on cuirass, hldg. spear and Victory on globe, RMPS in ex. RIC 2711.	1500ñ2000	4500ñ6000	ó
3642	AR Light Half-Siliqua As 3640. RIC 2712ñ3.	900ñ1200	1500ñ2000	ó
3643	Æ4 rev VICTO AVG, Victory stg. 1., hldg. wreath and palm branch. RIC 2714. Note: For Severusí Æ4ís with the monogram of RICimer, see no. 3644.	250ñ350	500ñ800	ó

RICimer

Master of Soldiers, A.D. 456ñ472

SON-IN-LAW OF ANTHEMIUS AND AELIA EUPHEMIA

HUSBAND OF ALYPIA

UNCLE OF GUNDOBAD

RICimer (as Magister Militum)

3644

Æ4 obv Crude inscr. naming Libius Severus around diad, dr., cuir, bust r. rev Monogram of RICimer, sometimes in wreath, no mint mark. RIC 2715ñ7. Illustrated above.

300ñ400

700ñ1000

Anthemius, A.D. 467ñ472

HUSBAND OF AELIA EUPHEMIA

FATHER OF ALYPIA

FATHER-IN-LAW OF RICIMER

SON-IN-LAW OF MARCIAN

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	D N ANTHEMIVS PERPET AVG
	D N ANTHEMIVS PERPETV AVG
	D N ANTHEMIVS P F AVG
	Note:Many varieties of Anthemiusí inscriptions exist.

Except where noted, busts are right-facing, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

Anthem ius (as Augustus)

NMS

3645	AV Solidus obv Helm., diad. half-bust 3/4ñfacing, hldg. shield and spear rev SALVS REIPVBLICAE, two emperors stg. facing, together hldg. globus cruciger, various objects or mint marks betw. RIC 2802ff. Illustrated p. 598.	1250ñ1750	2000ñ3000	3500ñ5000
3646	óobv Diad., dr., cuir, bust r. revAs prev., but hldg. long cross betw. RIC 2866.	ó	ó	ó
3647	AV Semissis rev SALVS REIPVBLICAE, Chi-Rho in wreath, COMOB in ex. RIC 2836ñ9.	2000ñ3000	4000ñ6000	ó
3648	AV Tremissis rev No inscr., cross in wreath, COMOB in ex. RIC 2841ff.	1250ñ1750	2000ñ3000	ó

A nthem ius (as Augustus)

3649	AR Light Half-Siliqua rev No inscr., Chi-Rho in wreath, RM in ex. RIC .	1000ñ1500	2000ñ3000	ó
3650	AR Light Quarter(?)-Siliqua rev SALVS REIPVBLICAE, Roma std. 1, hldg. spear and Victory on globe, CONOB in ex. RIC 2905. Note: Perhaps a reduced-weight half-siliqua (see pp. 102ñ3).	ó	ó	ó
3651	Æ3 or Æ4 rev Monogram of Anthemius in wreath, RM in ex. RIC 2857ñ65. Note: Many varieties of Anthemiusí monogram are recorded.	100ñ150	500ñ800	ó

Aelia Euphemia

Augusta, A.D. 467ñ472(?)

WIFE OF ANTHEMIUS

DAUGHTER OF MARCIAN

MOTHER OF ALYPIA

MOTHER-IN-LAW OF RICIMER

Obverse inscriptions:

Augusta:	D N AEL MARC EVFEMIAE AVG
	D N AEL MARC EVFEMIAE P F (or P P) AVG
	D N AELIAE MARCIAE EVFIMI AG
	D N EVYFYMIA P F AVG

Busts are right-facing, diademed and draped.

Aelia Euphemia (as Augusta)

NMS

3652

AV Solidus rev VICTORIA AVGGG*, Victory stg.1., hldg. long cross, COMOB in ex. RIC 2827ñ9. Note: For another solidus, see no. 3654. Illustrated p. 599.

15000ñ20000

35000+

A elia Euphemia (as Augusta)

3653

AR Light Siliqua rev VRBIS ROMA, Roma std. facing, hldg. spear and Victory on globe, RMPS in ex. RIC 2853.

Alypia

Augusta(?), A.D. 467(?)ñ472(?)

WIFE OF RICIMER

DAUGHTER OF ANTHEMIUS AND AELIA EUPHEMIA

GRANDDAUGHTER OF MARCIAN

Alypia (as Augusta[?])

NMS

3654

AV Solidus of Aelia Euphemia obv D N EVFYMIA P F AVG, dr. full-facing bust, wearing rad. headdress and diadem with cross rev GLORIA REIPVBLICAE, Aelia Euphemia (larger, at 1.) and Alypia (smaller, at r.) stg., facing, each nimbate, crowned and hldg. globus cruciger, RM in field, COMOB in ex. RIC 2805. Note: This coin ñ presently unique ñ may have been struck in 467 to celebrate Alypiaís marriage to the Master of Soldiers RICimer.

Olybrius, A.D. 472

HUSBAND OF PLACIDIA THE YOUNGER

SON-IN-LAW OF LICINIA EUDOXIA

Obverse inscription:

Augustus:	D N ANICIVS OLYBRIVS AVG (or AG)
	Note: Variants occur with the letter S reverted.

Olybr ius (as Augustus))

NMS

3655	AV Solidus obv Full-facing, diad., dr., cuir, bust rev SALVS MVNDI, cross, COMOB in ex. RIC 3001.	20000ñ30000	50000+	ó
3656	AV Tremissis obv Diad., dr., cuir, bust r. rev As prev. RIC 3002ñ3. Illustrated p. 600.	15000ñ25000	35000+	ó
3657	órev No inscr., cross in wreath., COMOB in ex. RIC 3004	15000ñ25000	35000+	ó

Note: The SALVS MVNDI issues are attributed to Rome, the anepigraphic tremisses to Milan.

Glycerius, A.D. 473ñ474

Obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	D N GLVCERIVS F P (or P F) AVG
	D N GLYCERIVS F P AVG

Busts are right-facing, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

Glycerius (as Augustus)

NMS

3658	AV Solidus rev VICTORIA AVGG (or AVGGG), emperor stg. r. (or facing), hldg. long cross and Victory on globe, sometimes with 1. foot on step, RV or MD in field, COMOB in ex. RIC 3101ff.	8000ñ15000	50000+	ó
3659	AV Tremissis rev No inscr., cross in wreath, COMOB in ex. RIC 3108ff. Illustrated above.	5000ñ8000	10000ñ15000	ó

Glycerius (as Augustus)

3660

AR Light Half-Siliqua rev VICTORIA AVGGG, Victory adv. 1., hldg. wreath and palm, RM in ex. RIC 3111.

Note:Glyceriusí head is variously adorned with a pearl-diadem, rosette-diadem or laurelí rosette crown. Small bronzes of Glycerius are reported by Cohen, b t are unconfirmed.

The values are estimates for conservatively graded, es entially problem-free coins. Defects or merits will alter prices, often significantly. Dashes (ó) indicate values which can not be accurately determined (at the high end) or w hich are negligible (at the low end). Coins with the same value range are not always equally valuable, for they may r present different ends of the same spectrum.

Gundobad

Master of Soldiers, A.D. 472ñ474

NEPHEW OF RICIMER

Gundobad (as Magister Militum)

3661

Imitative (ënon-Imperialí) Æ4 of Zeno obv Crude inscr. naming Zeno around diad., dr., cuir, bust r. rev Monogram of Gundobad in wreath, no mint mark. RIC 3785.

300ñ400

700ñ1000

Julius Nepos,

A.D. 474ñ475 & 477ñ480

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	D N IVL NEPOS P F AVG (sometimes with AVG in ligature)
	D N IVLI NEPOS P F AVG
	D N IVLIVS NEPVS IVG

Except where noted, busts are right-facing, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

Julius Nepos (as Augustus)

NMS

3662	AV Solidus obv Helm., diad. half-bust 3/4-facing, hldg. shield and spear rev VICTORIA AVGGG, Victory stg. r., hldg. long cross; numerous varieties. RIC 320Iff. Illustrated above.	2000ñ3000	5000ñ8000	10000ñ15000
3663	AV Tremissis rev No inscr., cross in wreath, COMOB in ex. RIC 3214ff.	1750ñ2250	3000ñ5000	ó

Julius N epos (as Augustus)

3664	AR Light Siliqua rev VRBIS ROMA, Roma std. facing, hldg. spear and Victory on globe, RVPS in ex. RIC 3215.	3000ñ5000	7000ñ10000	ó
3665	AR Light Half-Siliqua rev No inscr., turreted fig. stg., hldg. scepter and cornucopia, foot on prow, RV in field. RIC 3216.	1000ñ1500	2000ñ3000	ó
3666	Æ4(c. 14mm) revMonogram of Julius Nepos in wreath. RIC 3222.	150ñ200	500ñ800	ó

Note: Issues in the name of Julius Nepos were struck while he was in Italy (474ñ475) and when he was in exile in Dalmatia after Romulus Augustus had been deposed (477ñ480). The former issues were struck under the direction of Nepos himself, and the latter by the king Flavius Odovacar, who had deposed Romulus Augustus. Most scholars suggest the iss es in the name of Julius Nepos can be segregated into these two phases by the quality of the artistry, which is believed to have declined under Odovacar (even though he continuedto use the mints of Milan, Ravenna and Rome). Odovacar seems only to have struck solidi (at Milan and Ravenna) and tremisses (at Milan) for Nepos. Alongside these solidi and tr misses bearing Neposí name, Odovacar also struck tremisses with the name of the eastern Emperor Zeno at his Italian mints, and they are they often collected in lieu of the rarer issues that name Nepos because they command about one-fourth the price.

Romulus Augustus, A.D. 475ñ476

SON OF ORESTES (MASTER OF SOLDIERS)

Examples of obverse inscriptions:

Augustus:	D N ROMVLVS AVGVSTVS P F AVG
	D N ROMVLVS A G V STV S P F AVG
	D N ROMVL A G V STV S P F AVG
	Note: Many varieties exist, with P F being shortened to P, the AVG in ligature, and the S being reverted.

E xcept where noted, busts are right-facing, diademed, draped and cuirassed.

Rom ulus Augustus (as Augustus)

NMS

3667	AV Solidus obv Helm., diad. half-bust 3/4-facing, hldg. shield and spear rev VICTORIA AVGGG, Victory stg. 1., hldg. long cross, sometimes a star in field, COMOB or COMOB. in ex. RIC 340Iff. Note: The reverse inscription sometimes is followed by pellets or a star; various mint markings occur in the field. Illustrated above.	7000ñ10000	15000ñ20000	30000+
3668	AV Tremissis rev Hno inscr., cross in wreath, COMOB in ex. RIC 3409ff.	4000ñ6000	7000ñ10000	ó
3669	óAs prev., but no wreath. RIC 3422.	4000ñ6000	7000ñ10000	ó

Romulus Augustus (as Augustus)

3670	AR Light Half-Siliqua rev No inscr., turreted fig. stg., hldg. scepter and cornucopia, foot on prow, RV in field. RIC 3413.	4000ñ6000	ó	ó
3671	Æ4 obv Partial inscr.: ÖGVSTP AVÖ, bust r. rev Victory stg. facirlg. Note: Recently discovered, unlisted in RIC.	1000ñ1500	ó	ó

Odovacar, A.D. 476ñ493

Odovacar (as King of Italy)

3672	AR Light Half-Siliqua obv FL ODOVAC,, dr. and cuir, bust r. rev Monogram of Odovacar in wreath, RV in ex. RIC 3501.	ó	ó	ó
3673	Æ4 obv but ODOVAC revAs prev., but no mint mark. RIC 3502.	150ñ200	250ñ400	500ñ750

Note: The coins above were struck at Ravenna c. 477 and bear the name and monogram of Flavius Odovacar. They are listed as supplements to the issues that Odovacar struck at Italian mints in the names of Julius Nepos and Zeno (and perhaps others). See the note following the listings of Julius Nepos for more details about Odovacarís Italian-mint coina es. No biography is given for Odovacar (Odoacer).

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