Timeline (148–100 BC)

148

End of the Fourth Macedonian War.
Creation of the Province of Macedonia.

Death of Masinissa, king of Numidia.

146

End of the Third Punic War – Destruction of Carthage.
Creation of the Province of Africa.

Achaean War – defeat of the Achaean Federation.
Greece added to the Province of Macedonia.

143

Revolt in Macedon.

141

Scordiscian invasion of Macedon – Roman defeat.

139

Murder of Viriathus in Spain.

138

End of the Lusitanian (Viriathic) War.

135

Scordisci defeated in Macedon.
Slave Revolt in Sicily – Outbreak of First Servile War.

133

Tribunate and Murder of Ti. Sempronius Gracchus.
Fall of Numantia, end of the Numantine War.
Death of Attalus III of Pergamum; named the Roman People heirs.

132

Slave armies defeated in Sicily, end of the First Servile War.

129

End of the Asiatic War.
Creation of the Province of Asia (Minor).

Death/murder of P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus (Africanus/Numantinus).

125

Outbreak of Gallic War.
Revolt and destruction of Italian town of Fregellae.

123

First Tribunate of C. Sempronius Gracchus.
Balearic Islands annexed.

122

Second Tribunate of C. Sempronius Gracchus.

Military Reforms of C. Gracchus.

121

Execution of Gracchus and his supporters.
Roman armies defeat alliance of Allobroges and Arverni in southern Gaul.

119

Tribunate of C. Marius.
Metellus ‘Delmaticus’ fights war in Illyria.

Unnamed Battle – Pompeius, the Governor of Macedonia is defeated and killed fighting the Scordisci.

Unnamed Battle. Annius defeats the Scordisci and their allies.

118

Death of Micipsa, king of Numidia – Outbreak of Numidian Civil War.

Foundation of Narbo in southern Gaul.

117

Triumph of L. Caecilius Metellus Delmaticus for his campaign in Illyria.

114

Unnamed Battle – Roman army under Porcius Cato defeated by the Scordisci in Macedon/Thrace.
Greece ravaged by the Scordisci. Temple of Delphi sacked.

113

Scordisci driven from Macedon.
Cimbri arrive in Noricum.

Battle of Noreia – Cimbri defeat the Roman army of Papirius Carbo.

112

Numidian Civil War restarts. Jugurtha takes Cirta, death of Adherbal, massacre of Italian traders.
Rome declares war on Jugurtha – start of the Jugurthine War.

Roman army in Thrace fighting Scordisci.

111

Consuls: P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica and L. Calpurnius Bestia.

Triumph of M. Caecilius Metellus for Sardinian campaign.
Triumph of C. Caecilius Metellus for Thracian campaign.

Jugurtha summoned to Rome, organizes murder of Massiva.

110

Consuls: M. Minucius Rufus and Sp. Postumius Albinus.

Triumph of M. Livius Drusus for victories against the Scordisci.

Tribunician agitation in Rome, Consul recalled.

Battle of Suthul – Roman army led by A. Postumius defeated by Jugurtha.

109

Consuls: Q. Caecilius Metellus and M. Iunius Silanus.

Consuls remove a number of laws restricting military service.

Praetor Servilius Caepio dispatched to Spain to fight the Lusitanians.

Battle of Muthul River – Metellus defeats the forces of Jugurtha.
Attempted coup to remove Jugurtha.

108

Consuls: Ser. Sulpicius Galba and Hortensius.

Unnamed Battle – Roman army of Silanus defeated by Cimbri in Gaul.

Unnamed Battle – Metellus defeats Jugurtha for a second time.

Bocchus allies with Jugurtha, who also raises an army of Gaetulians.

107

Consuls: L. Cassius Longinus and C. Marius.

Triumph of Q. Servilius Caepio for his campaign in Spain.

Marius replaces Metellus as commander in Numidia by popular vote.

Battle of River Hebrus – Roman victory over the Scordisci in Thrace End of the Scordiscian Wars.

Unnamed Battle – Roman army led by Cassius defeated and massacred in Gaul by the Tigurini.

Marius and Jugurtha clash near Cirta.

106

Consuls: Q. Servilius Caepio and C. Atilius Serranus.

Triumph of Q. Caecilius Metellus Numidicus for victories over Jugurtha.
Triumph of M. Minucius Rufus for his defeat of the Scordisci.

Romans begin to subdue southern Gaul, recapturing Tolossa.

105

Consuls: P. Rutilius Rufus and Cn. Mallius Maximus.

First Battle of Cirta – Stalemate.
Second Battle of Cirta – Armies of Jugurtha and Bocchus defeated by Marius.

Unnamed Battle – Roman army in Spain slaughtered by the Lusitanians.

Battle of Arausio – Roman armies of Servilius Caepio and Mallius Maximus defeated and slaughtered by the Cimbri.

Jugurtha captured by Bocchus and handed over to Sulla.
End of the Jugurthine War.

104

Consuls: C. Marius (II) and C. Flavius Fimbria.

Triumph of C. Marius for his defeat of Jugurtha.

Slave revolts in Italy and Sicily.
Start of the Second Servile War in Sicily.

103

Consuls: C. Marius (III) and L. Aurelius Orestes.

First tribunate of L. Appuleius Saturninus.

Battle of Triocala – Lucullus defeats the slave army in Sicily.

102

Consuls: C. Marius (IV) and Q. Lutatius Catulus.

Battle of Aquae Sextiae – Teutones and Ambrones defeated by Marius.

101

Consuls: C. Marius (V) and M. Aquillius.

Battle of Raudian Plain (Vercellae) – Cimbri defeated by Marius and Catulus.
End of the Northern Wars.

Unnamed Battle – Aquilius defeats the slave army in Sicily and ends the Second Servile War.

100

Consuls: C. Marius (VI) and L. Valerius Flaccus.

Triumphs of Marius and Catulus for victories over the Cimbri.
Triumph of Antonius for victory over the pirates.

Second tribunate of L. Appuleius Saturninus.
Exile of Metellus Numidicus.
Insurrection and murder of Saturninus and Glaucia.

A.

Aulus.

Ap.

Appius

C.

Gaius or Caius

L.

Lucius

M.

Marcus

P.

Publius

Q.

Quintus

Ser.

Servius

Sp.

Spurius

T.

Titus

Ti.

Tiberius