BOOK IV

THE DECLINE AND FALL OF GREEK FREEDOM

399-322 B.C.

B.C.

399-60:

Agesilaus king at Sparta

397:

War between Syracuse and Carthage

396:

Aristippus of Cyrene and Antisthenes of Athens, philosophers

395:

Athens rebuilds the Long Walls

394:

Battles of Coronea and Cnidus

? 393:

Plato’s Apology; Xenophon’s Memorabilia; Aristophanes’ Ecclesiazusae

391-87:

Dionysius subjugates south Italy

391:

Isocrates opens his school

390:

Evagoras Hellenizes Cyprus

387:

Peace of Antalcidas, or King’s Peace; Plato visits Archytas of Taras, mathematician, and Dionysius I

386:

Plato founds the Academy

383:

Spartans occupy Cadmeia at Thebes

380:

Isocrates’ Panegyricus

379:

Pelopidas and Melon liberate Thebes

378-54:

Second Athenian Empire

375:

Theaetetus, mathematician

372:

Diogenes of Sinope, philosopher

371:

Epaminondas victorious at Leuctra

370:

Diocles of Euboea, embryologist; Eudoxus of Cnidus, astronomer

367-57:

Dionysius II dictator at Syracuse; Dion plans reforms

367:

Plato visits Dionysius II

362:

Epaminondas wins and dies at Mantinea

361:

Plato’s third visit to Syracuse

360:

Praxiteles of Athens and Scopas of Paros, sculptors; Ephorus of Cyme and Theopompus of Chios, historians

359:

Philip II regent in Macedonia

357-46:

War between Athens and Macedonia

357-46:

Exile of Dionysius II

356-46:

Second Sacred War

356:

Birth of Alexander the Great; burning of second temple at Ephesus; Isocrates’ On the Peace

355:

Isocrates’ Areopagiticus

B.C.

354:

Assassination of Dion

353-49:

The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus

351:

Demosthenes’ Philippic I

349:

Philip attacks Olynthus; Demosthenes’ Olynthiacs I and II

348:

Heracleides of Pontus, astronomer; Speusippus succeeds Plato as head of the Academy

346:

Demosthenes’ On the Peace; Isocrates’ Letter to Philip

344:

Timoleon rescues Syracuse; Demosthenes’ Philippic II

343:

Trial and acquittal of Aeschines

342-38:

Aristotle tutor of Alexander

340:

Timoleon defeats the Carthaginians

338:

Philip defeats Athenians at Chaeronea; death of Isocrates

336:

Assassination of Philip; accession of Alexander and Darius III

335:

Alexander burns down Thebes, and begins his Persian campaigns

334:

Aristotle opens the Lyceum; battle of the Granicus; choragic monument of Lysicrates

333:

Battle of Issus

332:

Siege and capture of Tyre; surrender of Jerusalem; foundation of Alexandria

331:

Battle of Gaugamela (Arbela); Alexander at Babylon and Susa

330:

Apelles of Sicyon, painter; Lysippus of Argos, sculptor; Aeschines’ Against Ctesiphon; Demosthenes’ On the Crown

329-8:

Alexander invades central Asia

327:

Deaths of Cleitus and Callisthenes

327-5:

Alexander in India

325:

Voyage of Nearchus

324:

Exile of Demosthenes

323:

Death of Alexander; Lamian War

322:

Deaths of Aristotle, Demosthenes, and Diogenes