BOOK V

THE HELLENISTIC DISPERSION

322-146 B.C.

B.C.

348-39:

Speusippus head of the Academy

339-14:

Xenocrates head of the Academy

323-285:

Ptolemy I (Soter) founds Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt

323:

Judea made a satrapy of Syria

322-288:

Theophrastus head of the Lyceum

321:

Partition of Alexander’s empire; Menander’s first play

320:

Ptolemy I captures Jerusalem; Pyrrho of Elis and Crates of Thebes, philosophers

319:

Philemon and the New Comedy

318:

Aristoxenus of Tarentum, theorist of music

317-07:

Demetrius of Phalerum in power at Athens

316:

Cassander King of Macedonia

315-01:

Antigonus I (Cyclops) King of Macedonia

314:

Antigonus I proclaims freedom of Greece; Zeno comes to Athens

314-270:

Polemo head of the Academy

312-198:

Judea under the Ptolemies

312-280:

Seleucus I (Nicator) establishes Seleucid Empire

311:

Hamilcar invades Sicily

310:

Agathocles, dictator of Syracuse, invades Africa

307:

Law against the philosophers

307-287:

Demetrius Poliorcetes King of Macedonia

306:

Epicurus opens his school at Athens

306-02:

War between Cassander and Demetrius Poliorcetes for mastery of Greece

B.C.

305:

Timaeus of Tauromenium, historian

301:

Zeno opens his school at the Stoa; Seleucus I founds Antioch; Lysimachus defeats Antigonus I at Ipsus

300:

Euclid of Alexandria, mathematician; Euhemerus, rationalist

295-72:

Pyrrhus King of the Molossians

290:

Rhodian school of sculpture

288-70:

Strato head of the Lyceum

285-46:

Ptolemy II (Philadelphus); Alexandrian Museum and Library

285:

Zenodotus head of the Library; Herophilus of Chalcedon, anatomist

283-39:

Antigonus II (Gonatas) King of Macedonia

280:

Aristarchus of Samos, astronomer; rise of Achaean League; Pyrrhus helps Tarentum against Rome

280-62:

Antiochus I (Soter) Seleucid emperor

280-79:

Gauls invade Macedonia and Greece

279:

Pyrrhus invades Sicily

278:

The Colossus of Rhodes

277:

Gauls invade Asia Minor

275:

Aratus of Soli, poet

271:

Timon of Phlius, satirist

270:

Callimachus of Alexandria and Theocritus of Cos, poets; Berosus of Babylon, historian

270-69:

Crates of Athens head of the Academy

270-16:

Hieron II Dictator of Syracuse

B.C

269-41:

Arcesilaus head of the Middle Academy

266-61:

Chremonidean War

261:

Antigonus II takes Athens

261-47:

Antiochus II (Theos) Seleucid emperor

261-32:

Cleanthes head of the Stoa

260:

Herodas of Cos, poet

258:

Erasistratus of Ceos, physiologist

257-180:

Aristophanes of Byzantium, philologist

251:

Aratus of Sicyon frees his city

250:

Arsaces founds kingdom of Parthia; the Laocoön; Manetho, Egyptian historian; Lycophron of Chalcis, poet

247:

Archimedes of Syracuse, scientist

247-26:

Seleucus II (Callinicus)

246-21:

Ptolemy II (Euergetes I)

243:

Aratus leads Achaean League against Macedonia

242:

Agis IV attempts reforms in Sparta

240:

Apollonius of Rhodes, poet

239-29:

Demetrius II King of Macedonia

235-197:

Attalus I establishes kingdom of Pergamum

235-195:

Eratosthenes librarian at Alexandria

232-07:

Chrysippus head of the Stoa

229:

Aratus frees Athens

229-21:

Antigonus III (Doson) King of Macedonia

226-24:

Reforms of Cleomenes III in Sparta

226-23:

Seleucus III (Soter)

225:

Earthquake destroys Rhodes

223-187:

Antiochus III (the Great) Seleucid emperor

221:

Antigonus III defeats Cleomenes III at Sellasia

221-179:

Philip V King of Macedonia

221-03:

Ptolemy IV (Philopator)

220:

Apollonius of Perga, mathematician

217:

Ptolemy IV defeats Antiochus III at Raphia

215:

Alliance of Philip V and Hannibal

214-05:

First Macedonian War with Rome

212:

Marcellus takes Syracuse; death of Archimedes

210:

Sicily becomes a Roman province

208:

Zeno of Tarsus, philosopher

207:

Revolution of Nabis in Sparta

205:

Egypt a Roman protectorate

203-181:

Ptolemy V (Epiphanes)

200-197:

Second Macedonian War

200:

Diogenes of Seleucia, philosopher

B.C.

197:

Battle of Cynoscephalae

197-160:

Zenith of Pergamum under Eumenes II

196:

Flamininus proclaims freedom of Greece; foundation of Pergamene Library

195-80:

Aristophanes of Byzantium librarian at Alexandria

190:

The Farnese Bull

189:

Romans defeat Antiochus III at Magnesia

188:

Philopoemen abolishes Lycurgean constitution in Sparta

187-75:

Seleucus IV (Philopator)

181-45:

Ptolemy VI (Philometor)

180:

Great altar of Pergamum; Aristarchus of Samothrace librarian at Alexandria

179-68:

Perseus King of Macedonia

175-63:

Antiochus IV (Epiphanes) Seleucid emperor

175-38:

Mithradates I King of Parthia

174:

Antiochus IV rebuilds Olympieum

173:

Carneades head of New Academy

171-68:

Third Macedonian War

168:

Aemilius Paullus defeats Perseus at Pydna; Antiochus IV despoils the Temple at Jerusalem

167:

Deportation of the Achaeans, including Polybius, historian

166:

First rising of the Maccabees; Book of Daniel

165:

Judas Maccabee restores the Temple services

163-62:

Antiochus V (Eupator) Seleucid emperor

162-50:

Demetrius I (Soter) Seleucid emperor

161:

Judas Maccabee makes treaty with Rome

160:

Defeat and death of Judas Maccabee

160-39:

Attalus II King of Pergamum

157:

Judea becomes an independent priestly state

155:

Carneades in Rome

150-45:

Alexander Balas, Seleucid emperor

150:

Hipparchus of Nicaea and Seleucus of Seleucia, astronomers; Moschus of Smyrna, poet

146:

Mummius sacks Corinth; Greece and Macedonia become a province of Rome