All dates given are BC. The dating of the earlier dynasties is by no means certain. This chronology is based on the dates suggested in J. Baines and J. Malek (1984), Atlas of Ancient Egypt, Phaidon, Oxford.
LATE PREDYNASTIC/EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD (DYNASTIES 0–2): c. 3100–2649
OLD KINGDOM (DYNASTIES 3–6): c. 2649–2150
FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD (DYNASTIES 7–11): c. 2150–2040
MIDDLE KINGDOM (DYNASTIES 11–14): c. 2040–1640
SECOND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD (DYNASTIES 15–17): c. 1640–1550
NEW KINGDOM (DYNASTIES 18–20): c. 1550–1070
THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD (DYNASTIES 21–25): c. 1070–712
LATE PERIOD (DYNASTIES 25–31): c. 712–332
MACEDONIAN DYNASTY 332–304
Alexander III the Great (332–323)
Philip III Arrhidaeos (323–316)
Alexander IV (316–304)
PTOLEMAIC DYNASTY (304–30)
Ptolemy I Soter I (304–284)
Ptolemy II Philadelphos (285–246)
Ptolemy III Euergetes I (246–221)
Ptolemy IV Philopator (221–205)
Ptolemy V Epiphanes (205–180)
Ptolemy VI Philometor (180–164, 163–145)
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II (170–163, 145–116)
Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (145)
Ptolemy IX Soter II (116–107, 88–81)
Ptolemy X Alexander I (107–88)
Cleopatra Berenice III (81–80)
Ptolemy XI Alexander II (80)
Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (80–58, 55–51)
Berenice IV (58–55)
Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (51–30)
Ptolemy XIII, King of Egypt (51–47)
Ptolemy XIV, King of Egypt (47–44)
Ptolemy XV Caesar (44–30)