Most of the documents cited below are part of the Charles A. Lindbergh Collection (#325) or the Anne Morrow Lindbergh Collection (#829), which are housed in Manuscripts and Archives in Sterling Memorial Library at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. A number of papers, particularly those pertaining to the building of the Spirit of St. Louis and the preparation of its flight to Paris (including the letters from Lindbergh’s mother) are part of the Charles A. Lindbergh Collection at the Missouri Historical Society in St. Louis, Missouri. The letters and diaries of Anne Lindbergh’s mother and sister, Elizabeth C. Morrow and Elisabeth R. M. Morgan, respectively, are part of the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts; those of Anne Lindbergh’s father come from the Dwight W. Morrow Papers in the Amherst College Library, Amherst, Massachusetts. Much of the material pertaining to Charles Lindbergh’s ancestors is part of the Lindbergh Collection at the Minnesota Historical Society in St. Paul, Minnesota; miscellaneous documents pertaining to his early years and the transcripts of interviews T. Willard Hunter conducted with people who were part of Lindbergh’s final days can be found at the Charles A. Lindbergh House, within Charles A. Lindbergh State Park, in Little Falls, Minnesota. Documents relating to the reaction of the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration to Lindbergh’s involvement with the America First movement are located at the FDR Library in Hyde Park, New York. Most of the aforementioned archives include numerous newspaper and magazine clippings—many without sources, headlines, dates, or page numbers; this explains the occasional omission of such data. Information obtained through interviews is designated with an (I).
Other abbreviations are:
|
AC |
Dr. Alexis Carrel |
|
ACL |
Amherst College Library |
|
AML |
Anne Morrow Lindbergh (wife of CAL) |
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ASB |
A. Scott Berg |
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ASL |
Anne Spencer Lindbergh (daughter of CAL) |
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AOV |
CAL, Autobiography of Values (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978) |
|
AW |
Autobiographical writings (includes unpublished drafts of books, articles, sketches) |
|
BMAU |
AML, Bring Me a Unicorn (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1972) |
|
BUM |
CAL, Boyhood on the Upper Mississippi (St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, 1972) |
|
CA |
Charles August Lindbergh (father of CAL) |
|
CAL |
Charles Augustus Lindbergh |
|
CMM |
Constance Morrow Morgan (sister of AML) |
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DWM |
Dwight Whitney Morrow (father of AML) |
|
(D) |
Diary |
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DAVIS |
CAL (U-M) on Kenneth Davis’s The Last Hero: Charles A. Lindbergh and the American Dream (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1959) |
|
E |
Epigraph |
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ECM |
Elizabeth Cutter Morrow (mother of AML) |
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ELCS |
Eva Lindbergh Christie Spaeth (half-sister of CAL) |
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ELL |
Evangeline Lodge Land (grandmother of CAL) |
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ELLL |
Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh (mother of CAL) |
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ERMM |
Elisabeth Reeve Morrow Morgan (sister of AML) |
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FN |
AML, The Flower and the Nettle (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976) |
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FRDT |
CAL, biographical notes to Colonel Raymond Fredette, 1972 |
|
GS |
AML, Gift from the Sea (New York: Pantheon Books, 1955) |
|
HB |
Henry Breckinridge |
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HG |
Harry Guggenheim |
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HGHL |
AML, Hour of Gold, Hour of Lead (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973) |
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JML |
Jon Morrow Lindbergh (son of CAL) |
|
L |
Lindbergh (CAL) |
|
LML |
Land Morrow Lindbergh (son of CAL) |
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LROD |
AML, Locked Rooms and Open Doors (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1974) |
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LTW |
AML, Listen! The Wind (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1938 |
|
(M) |
Memorandum |
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MHS |
Missouri Historical Society |
|
MNHS |
Minnesota Historical Society |
|
(N) |
Notes |
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NTO |
AML, North to the Orient (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1935) |
|
NYT |
The New York Times |
|
OFAL |
CAL, Of Flight and Life (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1948) |
|
RHG |
Robert H. Goddard |
|
RML |
Reeve Morrow Lindbergh (daughter of CAL) |
|
ROSS |
CAL (U-M) on Walter S. Ross’s The Last Hero (New York: Harper & Row, 1968) |
|
SML |
Scott Morrow Lindbergh (son of CAL) |
|
SSL |
CAL, The Spitit of St. Louis (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1953) |
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(T) |
Telegram |
|
(U) |
Unpublished |
|
WE |
CAL, “We” (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1927) |
|
WF |
AML, The Wave of the Future (New York: Harcourt Brace & Co., 1938) |
|
WJ |
CAL, Wartime Journals (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970) |
|
WWW |
AML, War Within and Without (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980) |
|
Y |
Lindbergh archives at Yale University |
1 KARMA
E: CAL, “Preface” to Milton Lehman, This High Man: The Life of Robert H. Goddard (New York: Farrar, Straus and Company, 1963), p. xv.
ANTICIPATING CAL’S ARRIVAL: T. Bentley Mott, Myron T. Herrick: Friend of France (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran, 1930), pp. 340–1; John Zuckerman (of Stockton, CA) to “Dear Abby” (Abigail Van Buren), “Who Saw Lindy Land in Paris?” Los Angeles Times, c. 1990; “Tilden and Hunter Lose in Fast Match,” NYT, May 22, 1927, p. X:1; Edwin L. James, “L Does It,” NYT, May 22, 1927, p. 2; George H. Muller (Manager, Concepts and Features Department, Car Engineering, Ford Motor Company), text of speech, “I Was There,” July 9, 1977; n.a. “Lindbergh” (U article), Jan. 3, 1938 [MHS, B31/F8]; Harry Crosby (ed. by Edward Germain), Shadows of the Sun: The Diaries of Harry Crosby (Santa Barbara: Black Sparrow Press, 1977), p. 146. [N.B. Crosby spelled “Lindbergh” without an “h”; I have made similar corrections in spelling whenever I felt the error interrupted the flow of the quotation.]
LE BOURGET AND AFTERMATH: SSL, p. 492; AML, (U-D), Jan. 25, 1953; CAL (U-AW), IV-2 (218/626), 1947; Harry Crosby, Shadows of the Sun, p. 146; AOV, pp. 79, 402.
2 NORTHERN LIGHTS
E: CAL quoted in AML to ELLL, Sept. 15, 1933 [LROD, p. 110].
OLA MÅNSSON IN SWEDEN: CAL to ELCS, Jan. 6, 1960; Grace Nute to CAL, Oct. 30, 1936 and Sept. 12, 1938; Grace Nute to ELCS, Dec. 15, 1939; Richard B. Lucas, Charles August Lindbergh, Sr.: A Case Study of Congressional Insurgency, 1906–12 (Uppsala, Sweden: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 1974), pp. 18–20; Marianne Bergstedt, “Ola Månsson in Parliament and His Fast Disappearance to the United States” (graduate paper at University of Uppsala), April, 1972; Gunnar Westin to CAL, Oct. 30, 1936; Gunnar Westin, “Appendices,” Sept. 28, 1935; Grace Lee Nute to CAL, c. late June, 1938, Sept. 12, 1938, Nov. 20, 1940, and Jan. 28, 1941; Gunnar Westin to Grace Lee Nute, Apr. 14, 1937; Sten Carlsson to Debbie Stultz, Jan. 7, 1977; Gunnar Westin to Debbie Stultz, Dec. 8, 1977; Linda Lindbergh Seal to CAL, Mar. 30, 1953; Grace Nute (N) on (I) with P. P. Ornberg, Dec. 10 and 15, 1936; Sven Svensson to ASB (I), Sept. 18, 1993.
The name Lindbergh was fashioned from the Swedish words for linden tree and mountain. Had Ola Månsson (August Lindbergh) adhered to the traditional system of patronyms, his son Karl (Charles) would have used the surname Olsson (the son of Ola).
EMIGRATION TO AMERICA; SETTLING IN MINNESOTA: Grace Lee Nute, ed., “The Lindbergh Colony,” Minnesota History, 20, Sept., 1939, pp. 243–58; Norman Thompson and Major J. H. Edgar, Canadian Railway Development from the Earliest Times(Toronto: The Macmillan Co., 1933), pp. 68, 76–7; Grace Nute (N) of (I) with Frank Lindbergh, June 9, 1936; George W. Prescott, clerk, “Declaration of Intention” of August Lindbergh, Aug. 4, 1859; CAL to Grace Nute, Dec. 30. 1936; C. S. Harrison,Adorning the Beulah Land of the Hither Shore and How to Become an Extinguished Minister (York: Nebraska), pp. 42–3; Mrs. L. E. Tubbs, “Letter Written … From Los Angeles,” Sauk Center Herald, June, 1927; “Melrose First Home of Ls in America,”Melrose Beacon, July 21, 1927, pp. 1, 4; “Pioneer Settler Called Beyond,” Apr. 21, 1921, p. 1; Linda Seal to CAL, Dec. 25, 1939 and Apr. 9, 1960; AML (N) of (I) with Juno Lindbergh, July 29, 1935, accompanying CAL to Grace Nute, Apr. 10, 1936; Perry Lindbergh to ELLL, May 25, 1930, Sept. 6 and 20, 1932; Frank Lindbergh to CAL, Feb. 6, 1940; Linda Lindbergh Seal to ELLL, n.d. [Y: 245/437]; ELLL to Grace Nute, Dec. 16, 1939; CAL (U) draft of family history [MHS], n.d.; August Lindbergh, Homestead application #797, Oct. 31, 1867, and purchase certificate #3919, Mar. 11, 1868; Grace Nute (N) of (I) with Myrom D. Taylor, Oct. 7, 1936; Grace Nute (N) of (I) with Juno Lindbergh Butler, June 4, 1936; Grace Nute (N) of (I) with Perry Lindbergh, June 16–19, 1936; ELCS (N) of family history, c. Nov., 1958; CAL (N) of family history, Jan. 20, 1922 [prob. 1923]; AOV, pp. 44–7.
Most prior accounts of August Lindbergh’s immigration asserts that he entered the United States in New York. This error emanates from Lynn and Dora B. Haines, The Lindberghs (New York: The Vanguard Press, 1931), p. 8. August Lindbergh’s sworn “Declaration of Intention to Become a Citizen of the United States” clearly names Detroit as his point of entry.
C.A.: Grace Nute to CAL, Dec. 18, 1936; Bruce L. Larson, Lindbergh of Minnesota: A Political Biography (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973), pp. 11–23; CA campaign pamphlet, n.d. [MNHS: P1675, Box 13]; Grace Nute (N) of (I) with Perry Lindbergh, June 16–19, 1936; Frank A. Lindbergh (N) on family, n.d. (MNHS: “Corr. And Misc.” undated 1908–60); CAL to Grace Nute, Sept. 20, 1936; Grace Nute (N) of (I) with Frank Lindbergh, June 9, 1936; Grace Nute (N) of (I) with Perry Lindbergh, June 16–19, 1936; Thomas Pederson, “CAL, Sr. (As I Knew Him),” n.d.
The marriage between August Lindbergh and Louisa Carlin [sic] was recorded in the records of the Stearns County Court House: Marriage Record Book I, p. 363.
MARY LA FOND: Grace Nute (N) of (I) with Mrs. Robert Herron, Sept. 9, 1937 and with Mr. and Mrs. A. M. Opsahl, May 11, 1937; Dr. A. W. Abbott to Dr. Trace, 1898.
THE LODGES OF DETROIT: Silas Farmer, The History of Detroit and Michigan (Detroit: Silas Farmer, 1889), pp. 3, 6, 704; Edwin A. Lodge to Edwin Lodge (son) Oct. 31, 1868 (MHS); Edwin A. Lodge to Harriett (Clubb) Lodge Lindsay, Feb. 21, 1852, Oct. 5, 1852, Nov. 5, 1852, Nov. 14, 1861, Aug. 7, 1864, Aug., 1865, Nov. 11, 1866; C. Burton, M. D., Beginnings of Homeopathy (n.d.), pp. 13, 20, 24, 31 [Y: 274/731]; Edwin A. Lodge, “Private Lecture to Young Men,” 1860; Daniel Gano to Edwin A. Lodge, Nov. 5, 1858; “Funeral of Late Reuben H. Lloyd,” San Francisco Chronicle, Mar. 12, 1909; Edwin A. Lodge to Edwin Lodge (son), Feb. 18, 1875; Don Lochbiler, Detroit’s Coming of Age: 1873 to 1973 (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1973), p. 310; ELLL, “Unvarnished Memories of the Lodge Family,” (U), c. 1940.
THE LANDS: Ray E. Garrison to Francis De Tarr, Sept. 22, 1955; John Scott Land to Charles Henry Land, Sr., July 4, 1861; CAL to Mr. Meyers, Apr. 3, 1964; Alfred R. Henderson to CAL, Apr. 7, 1969; CAL to North Callahan, May 6, 1966; “Some Conflicts and Unresolved Problems in the Historical Account of Robert Land,” attached to Alfred Henderson to CAL, ca. Mar. 23, 1971; “Contributions of Charles H. Land to Dentistry,” attached to Alfred Henderson to CAL, Mar. 10, 1969; CAL, “(Previous Lodge & Land records),” n.d.; “A Lot of Mad Doctors,” (Detroit) Evening News, Mar. 21, 1888, p. 1.
Some of Dr. Charles Henry Land’s patents were for artificial teeth, artificial dentures, improvements on the filling of decayed teeth, methods of operative dentistry, and a baby jumper. He also invented a gold inlay system and a porcelain inlay system, as well as numerous gas and oil burners and furnaces for use in the manufacture of pottery and artificial teeth. According to Curt Proskauer, Curator of the Museum at the Dental School of Columbia University, Dr. Land “introduced the all-porcelain jacket crown which was patented in 1889 and is now in common use.” (Curt Proskauer to CAL, Nov. 5, 1952.)
ELLL: CAL to Bruce Larson, July 24, 1968; Everett M. Lodge to Dr. L. Laszlo Schwartz, Nov. 29, 1957; BUM, pp. 1–3; Capt. Willard Glazier, Down the Great River (Philadelphia: Hubbard Brothers, Publishers, 1892), p. 154; ELLL, “Little Falls, Minnesota,” (U), n.d.; ELLL to Evangeline Land, Tuesday [ca. 1900], Nov. 21, 1900, ca. Nov., 1900, Nov. 8, 1900; Susan Hayden Land (grandmother) to ELLL, Mar. 20, 1901; ELLL, “Facto,” n.d. [Y:259/591].
ELLL MARRIES CA: Olive Adele Evers (principal of Stanley Hall) to CA, Nov. 29, 1900 and Oct 22, 1901; ELCS, (N), 1959; ELLL, “For CAL, Jr.,” (N), n.d. [Y:259/595]; ELLL, two different pieces titled “The Home at Little Falls,” n.d.
BIRTH OF CAL: ELLL, “All that I can tell—from the time you were born,” n.d.; ELLL, untitled notes about CAL birth, n.d.; AOV, p. 3.
3 NO PLACE LIKE HOME
E: AOV, p. 43.
CAL EARLY CHILDHOOD, 1902–6: ELCS to AML, Feb. 4, 1975, ELLL (handwritten N), c. 1930; CA to ELLL, Feb. 8, 1902; Haines, Lindberghs, pp. 71, 81–2; CAL (N), n.d. (MHS); CAL to Bruce Larson, Apr. 7, 1967; CAL, “Chronology” [Y: 276/738]; CAL (N), n.d. [Y:182/123]; Grace Nute (N) of (I) with Mr. and Mrs. Robert Herron, Sept. 9, 1937; Grace Nute (N) of (I) with Mr. and Mrs. A. M. Opsahl, May 11, 1937; “Fine Residence Burned,” Little Falls Daily Transcript, Aug. 7, 1905; CAL (N), Apr. 16, 1966; CAL to Bruce Larson, Oct. 23, 1972; BUM, pp. 5–6, 9–10; CAL (N) on Larson’s L of Minnesota, Oct. 17, 1971; SSL, pp. 372–3; CA to ELLL, ca. Dec. 15, 1905; CAL to Bruce Larson, Jan. 24, 1971.
CA GOES TO WASHINGTON: Lucas, CAL, SR., pp. 29–49, 78; Haines, Lindberghs, pp. 98, 102–3 (citations from CA’s speeches), 115 (first votes in Congress), 116–7, 129, 134–5; Larson, L of Minnesota, pp. 38–68, 73; ELCS to Grace Nute, Apr. 8, 1936; H. P. Bell to CA, Apr. 16 and 24, 1906; CA to Carl Bolander, Oct. 15, 1906; Thomas Pederson, “CAL, Sr. (As I Knew Him),” (U), n.d. [Y:277/763]; Grace Nute (N) of (I) with Mr. and Mrs. A. M. Opsahl, May 11, 1937; misc. CA letters, n.d. [MNHS, P1675, Folder 1];SSL, pp. 308–11; the Panic of 1907 is discussed in Ron Chernow, The House of Morgan (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press: 1990), pp. 121–9; Ida Tarbell, “The Hunt for a Money Trust,” American Magazine, May, 1913, p. 11; CA, speech, cited inCongressional Record, Appendix, pp. 12072–12077, July 22, 1935.
The common background of the “insurgent” legislators was observed by James Holt in Congressional Insurgents and the Party System, 1909–1916 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1967), p. 3, and cited in Lucas’s study of CA, p. 13. The other outstanding insurgents in the House of Representatives included George W. Norris of Nebraska, Edmond H. Madison of Kansas, Victor Murdock of Kansas (an urban journalist), John M. Nelson of Wisconsin, and Miles Poindexter of Washington.
FAMILY DISCORD AND DISCONTENT: SSL, pp. 373–5; ELLL to CAL, Jan 5, 1938; Lillian Roberts to ELLL, Jan. 14, 29, and Feb. 20, 1908; ELCS to CAL, May 24, 1974; ELCS to CAL, Apr. 15, 1966; ELLL to ELL, Feb. 10, 1909 and Feb. 8, 1910; Lillian Johnson to ASB (I), July 18, 1993; ELCS to AML, Mar. 11, 1977; ELLL to ELL, two letters, n.d. (each dated “Sunday”), June 30, 1909, July 8, 1909, June 22 and 30, 1909, Dec. 10, 1909; ELLL (N), n.d.; ELLL, “Notes, 1909”; ROSS, Aug. 3, 1968; CA to CAL, Sept. 18, 1914 and Nov. 5, 1915; AOV, p. 60; FRDT, pp. 2–3; SSL, p. 376–7; BUM, p. 8; CAL to Bruce Larson, Feb. 19, 1966; DAVIS, Aug. 4, 1969; ELLL to ELL, June 6 and July 31, 1915; ELL to ELLL, n.d. [Y:224/62]; CA’s affair is discussed in M. N. Koll to CA, Feb. 13, 1910, CA to Koll, Feb. 16, 1910, ELLL to ELL, Apr. 8, 1918, and is further documented in Grace Nute to CAL (recording memories of Mrs. Charles Weyerhauser), Apr. 16, 1941; RML (quoting ELCS) to ASB (I), Aug. 1, 1993; ELL TO ELLL, n.d. (c. Aug., 1918); CAL to Grace Nute, Aug. 10, 1937.
CAL BOYHOOD; DETROIT AND D.C.: CAL, (U) “English” draft of SSL, c. 1937; CAL (N) on life of Charles Henry Land, Nov. 29, 1952; CAL to Alfred Henderson, Jan. 12, 1974, May 8 and 31, 1971, June 20, 1966, Mar. 2, 1974; CAL (D), “Paris,” Dec., 1938; SSL, pp. 316–21; ELLL, (N), n.d.; CAL, copybooks [Y:198/1]; CAL, “Paris” draft of SSL, Mar., 1939; Grace Nute (N) of (I) with Mr. and Mrs. A. M. Opsahl, May 11, 1937; CA to ELLL, n.d. (ca. 1910); William R. and Mary Anne MacKaye, Mr. Sidwell’s School (Washington, D.C.: Acropolis Books, 1983), pp. 100–1; “L a Member of ‘Roosevelt Gang,’” Detroit Free Press, June 3, 1927; ELLL to ELL, Jan. 8, 1910; AOV, p. 55; CAL, “Foreword” to Larson’s L of Minnesota, p. xiv; SSL, pp. 311, 313, 314; ELLL to ELL, Feb. 21, 1916; CAL, notebook, 1912.
CAL EARLY ADOLESCENCE: AOV, pp. 57, 59–60; CA quoted in Congressional Record, 63rd Congress, 2nd session, p. 15708, cited in Larson, L of Minnesota, p. 179; BUM, pp. 25, 29–30; CAL to Kevin Hammerbeck, Feb. 22, 1970; CAL, notebook, “Auto Trip,” Spring, 1916; Northern Lights (official publication of Antique Automobile Club of America), July, 1969, p. 4.
CALIFORNIA: ELCS to AML, Apr. 13, 1979; ROSS, Aug. 3, 1968; CAL, timeline, Aug., 1957; BUM, p. 31; AOV, p. 7; CAL to CA, n.d. (c. 1916); ELCS to AML, Apr. 13, 1979; CA to ELCS, n.d. (c. 1916) and Oct. 15, 1916; CA, “Some Recollections of My Daughter Lillian, 1916,” Little Falls Daily Transcript, Nov. 6, 1916; ELCS to AML, Dec. 9, 1976; ELLL (N), n.d.; ELL to ELLL, Feb. 28 and Apr. 11, 1917.
CA LEAVES D.C.: Haines, Lindberghs, pp. 221–3, 262; Larson, L of Minnesota, pp. 207, 209, 250–52, 329; Congressional Record, 64th Congress, 2nd session, Feb. 12, 1917, pp. 1–4, 81147–16998; CA to ELCS, Feb. 17, 1917; CA to CAL, Apr. 5, 1917; CA’s quote, “The trouble with war …” is cited in CAL introduction to Larson, L of Minnesota, p. xiv; CA, Why Is Your Country at War? (Washington, D. C.: National Capital Press, Inc., 1917), p. 8; CA to CAL, June 12, 1918; Harrison Salisbury, A Journey for Our Times (New York: Harper & Row, 1983), p. 16; Walter Quigley, introduction of reprint of CA’s Your Country at War (Philadelphia: Dorrance & Co., Inc., 1934), pp. 7–13; CA to ELCS, Sept, 13, 1918.
CAL ON THE FARM: CA to ELLL, ca. Apr., 1917; CAL to ELCS, Jan. 28, 1956; CA to CAL, ca. Apr., 1917; BUM, pp. 32–3, 39–40, 43–5; DAVIS, Aug. 5, 1969; ROSS, Aug. 3, 1969; “What L’s Town Thinks of Him,” PIC, Sept. 30, 1941; AOV, pp. 61–3; ELLL, (N); SSL, pp. 380–2, 384–5; CAL to Grace Nute, Jan. 12, 1938; CA to CAL, Feb. 1, 1919 (MHS); Alex Johnson to T. Willard Hunter (I), June 14, 1981 [CAL House, Little Falls]; CAL, timeline, Aug., 1957.
4 UNDER A WING
E: SSL, p. 261.
CAL AT WISCONSIN AND ROTC: ELLL, “Madison,” (U-N), n.d.; Daniel H. Borus (ed.), These United States (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992), p. 398; ELLL to “64” (family at 64 W. Elizabeth St., Detroit), Oct. 22, 1920; George Buchanan Fife,Lindbergh: The Lone Eagle (Cleveland: The World Syndicate Publishing Co., 1927), pp. 134–40; CAL, timeline, n.d.; SSL, pp. 247, 357–8, 403–4; ELLL (N), 1920; FRDT; WE, p. 24; F. Scott Fitzgerald, “Echoes of the Jazz Age,” The Crack-up (New York: New Directions, 1945) p. 15; DAVIS, Aug. 6, 1969; CA to ELCS, Feb. 29, 1920, and Apr. 23, 1921; CAL (D), Aug., 1921; CA to CAL, July 11, July 23, another on July 23, Sept. 9 and 19, 1921; ELLL to CA, ca. 1921; CA to ELLL, Feb. 10, 1922; Univ. of Wisconsin, College of Mechanics and Engineering, grades, June 24, 1921; BUM, pp. 45–6; CAL, journal, July 20–Aug. 21, 1921; R. D. Herzog (Nebraska Aircraft Corp) to CAL, Dec. 28, 1921; Ralph C. Diggins School to CAL, Feb. 28, 1922; P. H. Hyland to ELLL, Feb. 7, 1922.
Camp Knox, Kentucky, would later become Fort Knox.
HISTORY OF FLIGHT: Prof. Peter Wegner, “What Makes Airplanes Fly” (lectures) at Yale University, 1990–1; Francis Trevelyan Miller, The World in the Air (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1930), vols. I and II; Walter J. Boyne, The Smithsonian Book of Flight (Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Books, 1987), pp. 33–114; C. H. Gibbs-Smith, AVIATION: AN HISTORICAL SURVEY (London: H. M. Stationery Office, 1970), pp. xi–xiv, 1–179; Tom D. Crouch, The Bishop’s Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright(New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1989), pp. 242–99.
LEARNING TO FLY: R. D. Herzog to CAL, Jan. 31, 1922; ROSS, Aug. 4, 1968; AOV, p. 9; Secretary of Admissions, Teachers College, Columbia University to ELLL, Aug. 14, 1922; ELLL to CAL, Apr. 8, 14, 28, and 30, 1922, Aug. 14, 1922; WE, p. 25; CAL to Richard Plummer, Apr. 22, 1922; CAL to ELLL, Apr. 5, 8, 10, and 22, 1922; SSL, pp. 247–9, “Personnel of Page’s Aerial Pageant,” flyer, n.d.
BARNSTORMING: SSL, pp. 253–68, 430; WE, pp. 28–31, 34–9; CAL to ELLL, June 22, 1922, Aug. 11, 1922; Billings (Montana) Gazette Sun, Aug. 27, 1922, n.p.; ELLL to CAL, May 26, 1922, Aug. 14, 1922, Sept. 5, 1922; CAL, timeline; CAL to Richard Glendenning, Sept. 17, 1969; Edward W. Kraske to CAL, Mar. 3, 1953; CA’s condition is discussed in CAL to Bruce Larson, July 7, 1967 and CA to ELLL, Sept. 17, 1921, n.d. (c. 1922), and Mar. 18, 1924; ELCS to CA, Mar. 30, 1922; CA to CAL, Jan. 23, 1922 and Feb. 7, 1923.
CAL AND HIS OWN PLANE: CAL to CA, Mar. 21, 23, and 31, 1923, Apr. 4, 20, and 29, 1923; CA to CAL, Apr. 11, 12, and 14, 1923, May 17, 1923; CAL to Secretary of Committee on Attractions, ca. 1923; “John Wyche Rites Today,” n.s., c. July 1, 1962;SSL, pp. 436–50; WE, pp. 39–50, 52–67, 70–77; CAL to Mr. Sloan, July 11, 1957; CAL to ELLL, Apr. 9, 1923, May 23, 1923; Rudy Hayes, “L Visisted Here,” Americus Times Recorder, Aug. 28, 1979, p. 1; Glenn Messer to ASB (I), Mar. 5, 1993; Phyllis Cheryl Love, “Charles L’s Visit in Maben” (essay at Mississippi State University), Jan. 7, 1969; “L’s Son Detained in Flight to Join Father,” n.s., n.d.; CAL to Bruce Larson, Apr. 7, 1967; “Plane Damaged Near Glencoe,” Glencoe Enterprise, June 14, 1923; CA to ELCS, July 3, 1923; CA to ELLL, Dec. 25, 1923; CAL to Stan Bleazard, Jan. 8, 1965; BUM, p. 46.
CAL CONSIDERS AND JOINS ARMY: WE, pp. 78–104, 109; FRDT; Lieutenant Harold McGinnis to CAL, Nov. 14, 1923; L. H. Drennan to C. H. Land (meaning CAL), Dec. 6, 1923; Reed Inert, American Racing Planes and Historic Air Races (Chicago: Willcox and Follett, 1952), pp. 49–51; editorial referred to in Harold Bixby to CAL, prob. Jan. 14, 1961; CAL to ELLL, Oct. 17, 1923 and Jan. 16, 1924; SSL, pp. 279–80, 408, 417–8; CAL to CA, Feb. 29, 1924, Mar. 21, 1924; ELLL to CAL, Nov. 29, 1923 and Mar. 21, 1924; CA to ELCS, Feb. 11, 1924; CA to CAL, Jan. 16, 1924.
CA’S DEMISE: ELC to CAL (T), Apr. 16, 1924, and Apr. 18, 1924 (T), Apr. 23, 1924, May 12, 22, and 24 (T), 1924, June 2, 1924; ELC, “Memoir of Last Illness of C. A.,” (U), n.d.; ELC to George Christie, Apr. 23, 25, and 27, 1924, May 5, 1924; Dr. A. W. Adson to CAL (T), Apr. 23, 1924; CAL to Leon Klink, Apr. 24, 1924; CAL to ELLL, Apr. 28, 1924, May 25 and 28, 1924, June 2, 1924, July 8, 1924; ELLL to CAL, “Monday,” Apr., 1924, April, 23, 1924, May 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30, 1924, June 5, 1924; ELC to AML, Nov. 28, 1976; ELLL to “Brother” (Charles H. Land, Jr.), May 2, 3, and 4, 1924; “C. A. Lindbergh Dies Saturday,” Red Lake Falls Courier, May 29, 1924, pp. 1, 5; “Funeral Honors Paid to L in Minneapolis,” Minneapolis Daily Star, May 28, 1924; “Statement of Facts,” State of Minnesota Appellant’s Brief #24994, 1925; AOV, pp. 396–7.
CAL IN ARMY: Elmer Beckstrand to CAL, Feb. 12, 1925; WE, pp. 121–51; CAL to CA, Apr. 4, 1924; DAVIS, Aug. 12, 1969; Ross Jordan to CAL, Jan. 10, 1968; SSL, pp. 214–7, 278–281, 420–2; ELLL to CAL, June 10, Aug. 9 and 13, Sept. 12, 1924, Mar. 9, 1925; CAL to ELLL, Sept. 17 and 19, Nov. 19, 1924, Jan. 10, Mar. 21, 1925; Air Service News Letter, Apr. 2, 1925; C. D. McAllister, quoted in Orange County Register, Feb. 22, 1995, n.p.; Harold Fisher to CAL, Feb. 11, 1925; CAL (U-N) on Dale Van Every and Morris DeHaven Tracy, Charles Lindbergh: His Life (New York: D. Appleton, 1927), Dec. 5, 1968; FRDT; Earl Potts to CAL, Feb. 15, 1953; CAL to “Gang” (Army friends), Jan. 26, 1926.
5 SPIRIT
E: OFAL, p. 49.
CAL ARRIVING IN ST. LOUIS: Manley O. Hudson, “Missouri: Doesn’t Want to Be Shown,” in Borus, These United States, p. 206; A. B. Lambert to CAL, June 5, 1925; A. B. Lambert, “A Brief Summary of the Lambert-St. Louis Municipal Airport,” Oct., 1941 [MHS]; SSL, pp. 20, 122, 281; 35th Division Air Service News, May, 1926; George Oonk to CAL, Feb. 17, 1925; “Harold Bixby, a Chief Supporter of L,” NYT, Nov. 20, 1965; AOV, p. 66; Harlan “Bud” Gurney to CAL, Feb. 10, ca. Feb. 16, May 11, 1925; the man who wished to urinate on his hometown is mentioned in CAL, timeline; “Vera May Dunlop’s Flying Circus,” handbill, n.d. [MHS]; “Who Wants to Ride Airplane,” n.s., June 26, 1925; CAL to ELLL, May 20, July 7 and 10, Aug. 10, 1925; clipping from St. Louis Globe-Democrat, May 22, 1927; “O. E. Scott, Airport Manager in ‘20s, Dies,” St. Louis Globe-Democrat, July 8, 1948, p. 7A; “Fliers Arrive for Big Four Flying Circus,” St. Charles Daily Banner, June 25, 1925, p. 1; FRDT; Col. Tenney Ross, Special Orders #154, Headquarters 7th Corps Area, July 3, 1925; CAL to Raymond Fredette, July 15, 1971.
COLORADO; PREPARING FOR AIR MAIL: WE, pp. 156–69; J. Wray Vaughan to CAL, Aug. 7 (T) and 9 (T), 1925; CAL to ELLL, Aug. 10, 19, 29, Sept. 1, and Oct. 5, 1925; SSL, p. 281; Mil-Hi Airways business card, 1925; William B. Robertson to CAL, Aug. 24, 1925; CAL to ELLL, Nov. 6 and 22, 1925, Jan. 6, 12, Feb. 5 and 26, Mar. 14, 1926; Miller, World in the Air, pp. 275–95; CAL to “Sir,” (Detroit Aviation Society), Jan. 2, 1926; C. B. Fritsch (Detroit Aviation Society) to CAL, Jan. 7, 1926; SSL, pp. 287, 325; FRDT; WE, p. 170; CAL, Last Will and Testament, Dec. 11, 1925; DAVIS, Aug. 9, 1969; AOV, pp. 66–7; Philip Love to CAL, Aug. 14, Nov. 13, Dec. 17, 1925; “Steve” to CAL, Sept. 19, 1925; Joseph Wecker, “News of St. Louis Aviation ‘Old-Timers,’” Dec. 1967; Mrs. Eva Martin (Reliance Correspondence Club) to “Sir” (CAL), n.d.
AIR MAIL COMMENCES: CAL to ELLL, Apr. 10, 1926; CAL to Josephine Austin, Aug. 2, 1972; “St. Louis Mail By Air to New York in 15 Hours,” n.s., Apr. 16, 1926; “Air Mail Day,” advertisement, ca. May 19, 1926; WE, pp. 172–93; “Airmail Payments Put on Pound Basis,” n.s., June 18, 1926; CAL to William Conkling, June 14, 1938; CAL to Billy Wilder, May 20, 1954; CAL to William P. MacCracken, Jr., July 21, 1968; AOV, p. 68; SSL, pp. 5–9, 11–4, 324–6; Rip Cord (publication of Caterpillar Club), n.d., pp. 48–51; Constance Fetzer to CAL, Nov. 10, 1969; W. H. Conkling to CAL, Sept. 17, 1926; Sgt. A. W. Thiemann to CAL, Sept. 18 and Nov. 27, 1926; CAL’s reports of his parachute drops reprinted in Aeronautic Review, Nov., 1926, pp. 174–5; Wecker, “St. Louis Old-Timers,” Dec., 1967; CAL to E. E. Larabee, July 18, 1967; CAL to ELLL, June 8 and Aug. 29, 1926; O. P. Austin (of National Geographic Society) to CAL, Oct. 18, 1926; “CAL,” National Guardsman, May, 1957, pp. 11–13, 39; “Physical Examination for Flying” for CAL, Dec. 13, 1926 [MHS].
ORTEIG PRIZE; CAL SEEKS PLANE: Graham Wallace, The Flight of Alcock and Brown (London: Putnam, 1955), pp. 287–300; Edward Jablonski, Atlantic Fever (New York: Macmillan, 1972), pp. 27, 53–4; Richard K. Smith, “Fifty Years of Transatlantic Flight,” AIAA 6th Annual Meeting, paper #69–1044, pp. 1–2; “History of the Prize,” menu from presentation of Orteig Prize, June, 1927; CAL to Ed Pendray, July 22, 1963; WE, pp. 198–9; SSL, pp. 17–20, 25–7, 30–4, 41, 45–6, 51–75; FRDT; CAL, prospectus, n.d. [MHS]; CAL to ELLL, Oct. 30, Dec. 26 and 28, 1926, Jan. 15, 1927. Feb. 11, 15, and 18, 1927; A. B. Lambert to Nettie Beauregard, Dec. 10, 1937; Giuseppe Bellanca to CAL, Dec. 4, 1926; “L, Mail Pilot, May Fly For … Award,” prob. NYT, ca. Feb. 9, 1927; A. B. Lambert, “Suggested procedure,” (U-N), ca. Jan. 1927 [MHS: 291/85]; CAL, (D), Feb. 18–27, 1927.
One of Sikorsky’s financial backers was fellow expatriate Sergei Rachmaninoff.
SAN DIEGO: WPA Guide to California (New York: Pantheon, 1984), pp. 258–64; SSL, pp. 79–86, 90–98, 101, 104, 112, 116, 118–22, 132–4, 503–4; Ryan Airlines, Inc., “Order,” Feb. 25, 1927; CAL to ELLL, Feb. 25, Mar. 3, 8, 12, 27, Apr. 24, May 7, 1927; H. H. Knight to CAL (T), Feb. 25, 1927; CAL to H. H. Knight (T), Feb. 26, 1928 (actually 1927); Walter Balderston, “Lindbergh” (U memoir), Apr., 1928; U. S. Grant Hotel bills, Mar. 3, 10, 17, 1927; WE, pp. 198–212; Donald Hall, “Technical Notes,” NACA #257, July, 1927; CAL to Ev Cassagneres, Jan. 29, 1974; C. W. Ambrust to CAL, Mar. 15 and 28, 1927; A. G. Spalding to Ryan Air Lines (T), Mar. 24, 1927; ELLL to CAL, Mar. 3, 4, 7, 9, 21, Apr. 8 and 27, 1927; Douglas Corrigan, That’s My Story (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1938), pp. 91, 93–4; Ev Cassagneres, The Spirit of Ryan (Blue Ridge Summit, PA: TAB Books, 1982), pp. 56, 60; Gus the Sign Painter, bill, n.d.; CAL to Harry Knight (T), Apr. 25, 1927; for specifications of plane, see SSL, pp. 531–40; Harry Knight to CAL, Mar. 21, 1927.
The plastic used in the windows and skylight of the Spirit of St. Louis was Pyralin, a nitro-cellulose.
In 1938 Douglas Corrigan would capture the imagination of the press and the public after taking off in his $900 “crate” of a plane, “intending” to fly from Bennett Airport, Long Island, to California. Twenty-eight hours later he landed in Dublin, a stunt to which he never owned up, reveling instead in the publicity and celebrity that crowned him “Wrong-Way Corrigan.”
ON TO ST. LOUIS AND NEW YORK: SSL, pp. 134–45, 150–73; Rev. R. B. Schuler, “Statement in Regard to the L Medal,” n.d. [Y]; E. J. Mulligan and Ken Boedecker, “Mulligan, Boedecker and Lane Recall Days,” Trade Winds (published by Wright Aeronautical Corporation), May, 1937, p. 6; CAL to S. Dillon Ripley, Mar. 12, 1971; CAL, notebook, 1927; “Mrs. L Bids Calm Good-by to Son,” NYT, May 15, 1927; Cassagneres, Spirit, p. 72; Lauren D. Lyman, “When L Went to Paris,” Bee-Hive (United Aircraft Corp.), Spring, 1967, pp. 18–9; HG to Milton Lehman, Oct. 15, 1962; CAL to Milton Lehman, Sept. 30, 1962; Harry Bruno, Wings over America (New York: Robert M. McBride, 1942) pp. 173–4; William Morris to CAL (T), May 13, 1927; R. M. Allen (president of Vitamin Food Co.) to CAL, May 13, 1927; ELLL to CAL, May 18, 1927; CAL, (U-N), regarding Bruno’s Wings, July, 1971.
L’s other pre-flight visitors, who would rise to great prominence in aviation, included Grover Loening, who had his own plant, Roy Grumman, a young engineer who worked at Loening, and Chance Vought.
6 PERCHANCE TO DREAM
E: AOV, p. 397.
PRE-TAKEOFF: AOV, p. 71; Russell Owen, “L Is Set to Fly,” NYT, May 20, 1927, pp. 1–2, and “L Leaves New York at 7:52 A.M.,” May 21, 1927, pp. 1–2; SSL, pp. 173–5, 178, 182–185, 225, 538; K. J. Boedecker, “Mulligan, Boedecker and Lane Recall Days,”Trade Winds, p. 8; DAVIS, Aug. 11, 1969; CAL (U-N) on Bruno’s Wings, p. 3; CAL to Leland Hayward (T) Oct. 20, 1955; Charles E. Blake to CAL (T), ca. Dec. 1938; “Nungesser Quest Fails,” NYT, May 20, 1927, p. 2; Richard Lockridge (of New YorkSun) quoted in clipping “L Off Ten Years Ago in Sea Flight,” n.s., n.d. n.p.; Walter E. Dauch to CAL, May 20, 1946; Harris, Winthrop & Co., to CAL, May 13, 1927; Esther Mueller to Percy Ebbott of Chase National Bank, Oct. 15, 1952; “L’s Speed Surprises Aviators,”NYT, May 21, 1927, p. 4; CAL, (U-AW), p. IV-2 [Y:218/626]; Madeline McNamara to CAL and AML, Dec. 6, 1955; R. F. McNamara, “An Anonymous Gift For Lucky Lindy,” The Catholic Transcript, June 11, 1976; CAL flying log; Linda Bruder, “Lucky Lindy’s Lift-Off Relived,” Pennysaver, June 18, 1988, n.p.
The woman who gave CAL her compact mirror has never been satisfactorily identified. The likeliest claimant is one Ada Bielenberg, then Mrs. Amos Ferguson, who was living nearby.
TAKEOFF AND FIRST STAGE OF FLIGHT: Boedecker, Trade Winds, p. 8; SSL, pp. 185–92, 197–210, 233, 239, 293–5, 298–9; Owen, “L Leaves New York,” May 21, 1927; “Other Fliers Wish L All Luck,” p. 4, “Lloyd’s Refuses Risk on L’s Chances,” p. 4, “Home Town Eager for News,” p. 3, “Lone Flight Grips French Imagination,” p. 3, “Two English Airmen on Non-Stop Hop to India,” p. 6, “Vessels in Track Taken By L,” p. 6, “Ship Alter Course to Seek L,” p. 3, “L Speeds Across North Atlantic, p. 1, NYT, May 21, 1927; Lyman, “When L Went,” p. 21; R. R. Blythe to ELLL (T), May 20, 1927, 8:48 A.M.; “Mother of Flier Sure He Will Win,” NYT, May 21, 1927, p. 2; Van Every and Tracy, L: His Life, p. 181; Cassagneres, Spirit of Ryan, p. 78; HG, The Seven Skies(New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1930), pp. 67–91; Umlauf quoted in Neville Small, “Pegasus and the Gargoyle,” The Compass (Mobil International, 1988), no. 2; Juan Trippe, “CAL and World Travel,” The Wings Club “Sight” lecture, 1977; CAL to Francis Drake, Feb. 9, 1948; CAL, (U-AW), [Y:218/626], p. IV-1; WE, p. 220; CAL to Billy Wilder, July 26, 1955.
CAL OVER THE OCEAN; REACTION ON EARTH: AOV, p. 78; “L’s Venture Grips City’s Interest,” p. 6, “40,000 Join in Prayer that L Wins,” p. 13, “Coolidge Is Praised in Gary’s Forecast,” p. 29, NYT, May 21, 1927, p. 6; Ruth Oliff to AML, Jan. 29, 1968; Paul Garber to ASB (I), June 6, 1990; James Stewart (with Joseph Laitin), “Lucky to Be Lindy,” Colliers, March, 30, 1956; James Stewart to ASB (I), May 21, 1990; Will Rogers (ed. by Donald Day), The Autobiography of Will Rogers (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1949), pp. 149–50; Harold M. Anderson, “L Flies Alone,” The New York Sun, May 21, 1927; SSL, pp. 303, 305, 323–6, 331–2, 340–1, 351–4, 362, 366, 379, 387–90, 399–403, 425–9, 433, 451–2, 457–66; WE, p. 218–20; CAL to Billy Wilder, July 26, 1955.
FINAL HOURS OF FLIGHT: SSL, pp. 465–6, 468–72, 478–92; “Bulletins Record Progress of Flier,” p. 2, “Lloyd’s Gave 10-3 Odds,” p. 4, “Paris Spent Day Wishing Success,” p. 2, “10,000 Telephone Inquiries on L,” p. 3, “Mother Glad First for Flier’s Safety,” p. 4; NYT, May 22, 1927; Stewart, “Lucky to Be Lindy”; Alistair Cooke, Alistair Cooke’s America (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1973), p. 322; Juno Lindbergh Butler to CAL, May 21, 1927; AOV, p. 79; Denise Cardinet (quoting Mme. J. Citroën) to ASB (I), Sept. 14, 1993.
LE BOURGET AND PARIS: SSL, pp. 492–500; Mott, Herrick, p. 341–2, 345; George Delage to CAL, May 4, 1929; Jack Glenn to CAL, Oct. 11, 1936; Carlyle Mac Donald, “L Does It,” NYT, May 22, 1927, pp. I: 1–2; Myron T. Herrick to ELLL (T), May 21, 1927, 10:10 P.M.
7 ONLY A MAN
E: AOV, p. 310.
INITIAL REACTIONS; FRANCE PAYS TRIBUTE: Mott, Herrick, pp. 345–6, 348–50; AOV, pp. 311–2, 314, “New York Stages Big Celebration,” pp. 1–2, “Crowd Cheers News,” p. 3, “St. Louis Rejoices,” p. 4, “Mother Glad First For Flier’s Safety,” p. 4, “Town Wild Over L,” p. 2, “Italians Emphasize Flier’s Bold Daring,” p. 4, “L’s Victory Thrills England, p. 2, “Brown, One of First Two Ocean Fliers, Elated,” p. 5, NYT, May 22, 1927; “L’s Daring Praised in Pulpits,” p. 3, “Baby Named for Air Hero,” p. 3, “Orville Wright Lauds,” p. 2, “L’s Success is Hailed in Germany,” p. 4, “Intrigued by L’s Cat,” p. 5, “Flier Has a Busy Day,” p. 2, “L Talks to Mother By Phone,” p. 3, “L’s First Call Is On Mme. Nungesser,” p. 1, “Italians Acclaim L’s Flight,” p. 2, NYT, May 23, 1927; “L Talk Relayed,” p. 3, “France Pins on L the Cross of Legion of Honor,” pp. 1–2, “Explains Compass,” p. 3, NYT, May 24, 1927; “Tact of Flier Wins the French,” p. 2, “Jam to See L Bursts Window,” pp. 1–2, “American in Paris Greet L,” p. 2, “L Feted by French Fliers,” p. 2, “Tribute From Argentine President,” “Would Pay L’s Tax,” p. 2, May 25, 1927; “L Donates His 150,000–Franc Gift,” p. 1, “L Greets Bleriot as Master,” p. 1, “French Deputies Acclaim L,” pp. 1–2, “Dole Gives $35,000,” p. 3, May 26, 1927; “L Drinks First Champagne,” prob. Washington Post, May 24, 1927, p. 8; Corrigan, My Story, p. 95; Fitzgerald, “Echoes,” Crack-up, p. 20; “An Appreciation of L from India,” Air Corps News Letter, Oct. 15, 1927, p. 293; SSL, p. 501; Francis Kellogg to CAL (T), May 21, 1927; Calvin Coolidge to CAL (T), May 21, 1927; Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. to CAL (T), May 22, 1927; HG to CAL (T), May 22, 1927; Adolph Ochs to CAL (T), prob. May 22, 1927; Fitzhugh Green, “A Little of What the World Thought of L,” epilogue of WE, pp. 238–40; “Tears Dim L’s Eyes” and “L Choked with Emotion,” prob. Boston Herald, prob. May 23, 1927; reference to Herrick’s dog Max appears in “L Sees Flying Boats Next,” NYT, June 9, 1927, p. 4; the calling card [“You’re a God”] was from Gerard Fourment [MHS B81/F28]; CAL to Hobart Lewis, July 3, 1967, CAL to Raymond Fredette, May 21, 1973; Will Rogers quoted in “How to Reward L,” NYT, June 22, 1927, p. 25; Carlyle MacDonald, “500,000 Parisians Cheer L,” pp. 1–2, “Brussels Prepares to Greet L,” p. 2,NYT, May 27, 1927; Edwin L. James, “L Thrills Paris In Air Stunts,” pp. 1–2, NYT, May 28, 1927; Francis S. Altendorf to “Mother and Dad,” May 28, 1927; Raymond Orteig, “Account of L’s Farewell Note to Paris,” in privately printed booklet, June, 1927, pp. 6–7; “L Drops Farewell to Paris,” CAL, “King Albert Decorates L … L Defends His ‘Stunts’ in the Air,” NYT, May 29, 1927, pp. 1–2.
BELGIUM; ENGLAND: CAL, “King Albert Decorates,” pp. 1–2, NYT, May 29, 1927; Green, epilogue, WE, pp. 248–64; CAL, “Belgian Rulers Knows a Lot About Flying,” pp. 1–2, “Brussels Burghers Honor L,” p. 3, “London Wildly Welcomes L,” pp. 1–2,NYT, May 30, 1927; CAL, “L Explains Early Return,” pp. 1–2, NYT, May 31, 1927; “Program for Reception of Capt. L in London,” May 29–June 1, 1927 [MHS]; “L Decorated by King George,” “Coolidge Offers Him a Cruiser,” CAL, “L Finds King Democratic,” pp. 1, 2, NYT, June 1, 1927; “L Sees English Derby Run,” “Meets President’s Wish,” pp. 1–2, NYT, June 2, 1927; CAL, “L Calls London ‘Bully,’” “L Starts Flight to Paris,” pp. 1–2, “Cruiser Memphis One of the Fastest,” p. 2, NYT, June 3, 1927; King George’s inquiring about L’s “peeing” comes from unpublished diaries of Harold Nicolson, quoted in Leonard Mosley, Lindbergh: A Biography (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1976), pp. 116, 406, “L in Paris,” pp. 1, 3, “Cruiser Reaches Cherbourg,” p. 3,NYT, June 4, 1927; CAL, “L Sails; Royal French Send-Off,” “Good-bye Tributes Bid to L,” and CAL, “God Bless You All; L Farewell,” pp. 1, 28, “Honored Like a Sovereign,” pp. 7, 8, “Levine, Owner Steps Aboard Plane,” pp. 1–2, NYT, June 5, 1927; CAL, “L on the Memphis Hears,” pp. 1, 5, NYT, June 6, 1927.
AMERICA PREPARES AS CAL RETURNS: L. Gilman, “L’s Flight Set to Music,” New York HERALD-TRIBUNE, Mar. 29, 1931; “The Lindy Hop,” Life, Aug. 23, 1943, n.p.; Chip Deffaa (quoting Norma Miller) to ASB, July 10, 1990; n.a., “Poems on L,”Bulletin of the Carnegie Institute, vol. I, no. 8, pp. 19–20, June, 1928; William Rose Benet, With Wings as Eagles (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1940), pp. 45–6; Sacha Guitry to CAL (T), Nov. 22, 1928; James E. West, The Lone Scout of the Sky (Philadelphia: Boy Scouts of America, 1928), p. 13; CAL, “L Calls London ‘Bully,’” NYT, June 3, 1927; “The Man of Vision,” cartoon, The Christian Science Monitor, May 28, 1927, n. p.; AOV, p. 316; CAL, “L on Memphis Hears of Sighting of Columbia Fliers,” NYT, June 6, 1927, pp. 1, 5; CAL, “L in Peril,” NYT, June 7, 1927, pp. 1, 8; CAL, “L Sees Flying Boats Next,” NYT, June 9, 1927, p. 4; CAL, “Memphis Makes Record,” pp. 1–2, “Air and Sea Escort Ready for Memphis,” p. 3, NYT, June 11, 1927; “L Lands at Capital Today for Nation’s Welcome,” pp. 1– 2, “L Wonders ‘If I Deserve All This,’” and “L’s Mother Guest of Coolidges,” p. 2, NYT, June 11, 1927; ECM (D), June 11 and 12, 1927.
WASHINGTON, D.C., RECEPTION: Green, WE, pp. 265–96; “500,000 Air Letters Expected for L,” June 10, 1927, NYT, p. 3; “Nation Pays Its Homage to L,” “L Crowd Shatters Record,” pp. 1–2, CAL, “Washington Reception Best of All,” pp. 1, 3, “Path One of Memories,” pp. 1, 2, “Memphis Moves Up to Din of Welcome,” p. 3, “L Parade is Triumph Anew,” p. 3, “Aerial Cavalcade Greets L,” p. 4, “Guns and Cheers Thunder at Docks,” p. 4, “Millions Visualize the Scene by Radio,” p. 14; “Hail L at Press Welcome,” p. 7, “300,000 Take Part in Capital Tribute,” p. 8; NYT, June 12, 1927; Madge Graves Ballard, “Historic Celebrations of Past Dimmed,” The Saturday Spectator, June 25, 1927, n.p.; Lamar Trotti, “Sending L to the World Through the Motion Picture,” The Southern Club Woman, n.d., pp. 18–9; A. W. Hall, director of Bureau of Engraving and Printing to Postmaster General, June 11, 1927; “His Final Day in Capital One of Continuous Ovation” and “L Moved by War Wounded,” pp. 1–2, “L’s Ride One Rolling Cheer,” pp. 1, 3, “L to Fly Spirit of St. Louis,” pp. 1, 4, “‘We’ Meet Again, Ready for the Air,” p. 3, “Flag Honor Cross Given to L,” p. 4, NYT, June 13, 1927.
NEW YORK: WE, pp. 297–314; “Millions Roar Welcome to L,” pp. 1–2, “Air Hero Lionized at Social Function,” pp. 1, 13, “L Says His Mind Is Ablaze,” pp. 1, 3, “Son’s Glory Brings Homage to Mother,” pp. 1, 12, “Capital Bids Flier a Warm Farewell,” p. 4, “A Mighty Paean in Harbor,” pp. 1, 10, “Flier Sports in Air on Quick Dash Here,” pp. 1, 4, “A Boy’s Day in a Big City,” pp. 1–3, “Radio Keeps Pace With L,” p. 16, “Palisades Crowd Cheers,” p. 4, “Mayor Welcomes Flier at City Hall” and “Cardinal Blesses L,” p. 2, “Flier Lays Wreath at Eternal Light” and “Vast Throng Roars Greeting in Park,” p. 3, “10,000 Pupils Watch,” p. 8, “City Vast Gallery of ‘Lindy’ Pictures,” p. 9, “L Parade Has 10,000 Troops,” p. 6, “5000 Cubic Yards of Paper,” p. 13, “Films on L Set Speed Record,” p. 14, NYT, June 14, 1927; T. M. Hesburgh to AML, Aug. 27, 1974; Trotti, “Sending L,” Southern Club Woman, p. 32; Paul Garber to ASB (I), June 6, 1990; “Cheers of 3700 Acclaim L,” pp. 1–2, “Visits Long Island Twice,” pp. 2–3, NYT, June 15, 1927; “L Flies Off at 3 This Morning,” pp. 1–2, “Brooklyn Parade Today,” pp. 1, 3, “Business Leaders Lionize L,” p. 2, NYT, June 16, 1927; “L Flies to St. Louis Today,” pp. 1–2, “$25,000 Orteig Prize Presented to Flier,” pp. 1, 3, “Hero Back at Field Where Fame Began,” pp. 1, 2, “200,000 Hail Pilot in Prospect Park,” pp. 1–2, “Brooklyn Parade Cheered by 700,000,” p. 2, NYT, June 17, 1927.
ST. LOUIS WELCOME: WE, pp. 315–8; “L Flies to St. Louis Welcome,” pp. 1–2, “L Gives Treat to Columbus on Way,” p. 2, “L Beams as He Takes Air” and “L Evokes Flood of Letters,” p. 2, NYT, June 18, 1927; “St. Louis Roars Welcome,” NYT, June 19, 1927, pp. 1–2; “L Frolics on an Air Holiday,” NYT, June 20, 1927, pp. 1–2; “Ignores L For His New Car,” NYT, June 21, 1927, p. 7.
OFFERS AND REQUESTS: Esther B. Mueller, “Decorations, Awards, Trophies, and Gifts Presented to Capt. L,” Appendix to SSL, pp. 517–30; Nettie H. Beauregard, L’s Decorations and Trophies (St. Louis: MHS, 1935); T. L. Murphy to CAL, contract, Sept. 8, 1927; Harold van Doren to CAL, Apr. 26, 1929; HB to Secretary of Commerce of Turkey, Sept. 28, 1932; advertisement in Aviation Magazine, c. Jan. 26, 1928, n.d., n.p.; A. B. Reed of Hookless Fastener Co. to Bruno & Blythe, May 16, 1928; Lynwood Thompson of Thompson Mfg. Co. to Guggenheim Foundation, May 25, 1929; advertising suggestions from W. S. Gallatin, York, PA; E. G. Milne (representing Pantages) to R. Blythe, May 23, 1927; E. Castel to CAL, May 24, 1927; W. H. Miller (of Thomas Edison, Inc.) to CAL, June 15, 1927; C. Laemmle to James Bryson (T), May 23, 1927; James Bryson to CAL, May 28, 1927; W. R. Hearst to CAL (T), June 17, 1927; HB to CAL, Oct. 5, 1927; CAL to Milton Lomask, Aug. 15, 1963; W. R. Hearst, “Stuff and Nonsense at Washington,” n.s., Feb. 20, 1934; AOV, pp. 317–8; “Government Seeks L’s Ideas,” NYT, June 22, 1927, p. 5; “Dayton Is Disappointed,” NYT, June 24, 1927, p. 3.
HG; PLANNING TOUR; WE: “L Gets Advice at Capital,” NYT, June 24, 1927, n.p.; Daniel Guggenheim to Board members, Jan. 24, 1926; CAL (U) preface to book on Guggenheims, c. 1930 [Y:376/1051], Report of Daniel Guggenheim Fund for Promotion of Aeronautics, 1926 and 1927, pp. ii, 15, 20–1; Seward Prosser to Hereford of Bankers Trust (T), June 3, 1927; Daniel Guggenheim Fund, press release, June 28, 1927; Harry Knight to DWM, June 29 and July 7, 1927 [ACL]; DWM to Harry Knight, June 29 and 30, 1927 [ACL], HG to DWM, July 5, 1927 [ACL], DWM to HG, July 9, 1927 [ACL]; George P. Putnam, Wide Margins (New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1942), pp. 232–6; CAL to E. B. Mueller, Mar. 22, 1942; Fitzhugh Green to CAL, June 28, 1927, and Nov. 1, 1928; CAL, “Recollections of HG and Falaise” (U), Apr. 30, 1973; CAL, (U) comments on reading WE, Oct. 24, 1971; CAL (U) comments on notes by Raymond Fredette, May 21, 1973; DAVIS, Aug. 12, 1969; G. P. Putnam to CAL, Mar. 1, 1928; CAL, (U) “Misc. Notes and Information,” July 1955; HB to G. P. Putnam, Mar. 12, 1928; CAL, log of 48–state tour, appears in SSL, pp. 506–11; tales of tour appear in Donald F. Keyhoe, Flying With L (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1928), pp. 17, 76, 95; CAL to Bruce Larson, June 24, 1967; “When ‘Lindy’ Flew Over Fond du Lac,” (Fond du Lac) Commonwealth Reporter, Apr. 22, 1966, pp. II, 5; Michael Parfit, “Flying Where Lindy Flew,” Smithsonian, Oct., 1987, pp. 201–2; AOV, pp. 81, 83; Bruce Larson, “L’s Return to Minnesota, 1927,”Minnesota History, Winter, 1970, pp. 141–152; L the Flier of Little Falls (Little Falls: Little Falls High School, 1928) [MNHS: P1675, Box 14]; “L Given Title By Oklahoma Indians,” n.s., c. July 31, 1927; Otto Robert Landelius,Swedish Place-Names in North America (Carbondale: South Illinois University Press, 1985), pp. 3, 29, 80, 110, 156, 158, 162, 183, 187, 201, 256, 262, 273–4; “Town Names for L,” NYT, June 14, 1928, p. 2; polls of heroes cited in Dixon Wecter, The Hero in America (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1941), p. 432–4; Thomas Moore to CAL, May 9, 1952; Vacuum Oil Co. to HB, Nov. 21, 1928; “L Crate … in Canaan,” (Waterville, Maine) Morning Sentinel, Mar. 31, 1990, pp. 1, 8; Edward Kraske to CAL, Mar. 3, 1953; L. M. Campbell to Mayor Victor Miller (of St. Louis), ca. Jan. 31, 1928; Paul Garber to ASB (I), June 6, 1990; CAL to George Plagenz (of The Cleveland Press), Apr. 23, 1973.
IMPACT OF U.S. TOUR: HG to CAL, Oct. 26, 1927; “Ryan Gets 29 Orders,” NYT, June 18, 1927, p. 3; Corrigan, My Story, p. 97; Shell Aviation News #185, 1953; Davis, Hero, p. 236; Ross, Last Hero, p. 160; CAL, “St. Louis Has Opportunity to Become Leading Aviation Center,” Greater St. Louis, Aug., 1927, p. 11 (MHS: B74/F47); Lambert, “Brief Summary”; A. B. Lambert to CAL, May 21, 1928; Lordsburg (N. M.) Chamber of Commerce to CAL, July 13, 1927; Chattanooga Chamber of Commerce to Adolph Ochs, Oct. 4, 1978; “Flashbacks—Sixty Years Ago in Forbes,” Forbes, June 15, 1987, p. 279; HG, Seven Skies, p. 76; J. D. Rockefeller to CAL, Dec. 7, 1927; Gershwin anecdote related in Dwight Taylor, Joy Ride (London: Victor Gollancz Ltd., 1959), pp. 134–143.
LATIN AMERICAN TOUR AND AFTERMATH: CAL to DWM, Sept. 29, 1927; Harold Nicolson, Dwight Morrow (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1935) pp. 309–14; Stanley R. Ross, “DWM, Ambassador to Mexico,” The Americas, vol. XIV, no. 3, Jan., 1958, pp. 273–89; DWM to HG, Nov. 18, 1927 (ACL); AOV, pp. 83–96, 318–24; ECM (D), Dec. 14 and 28, 1927; ECM to Amey Aldrich, Dec. 18, 1927; CMM to “Rhea and Anne,” n.d. (ca. Dec. 15, 1927); BMUA, pp. 81, 99; ECM to Maude Hulst, Jan. 5, 1928; CAL to Paul S. Johnston, Nov. 30, 1958; CAL to Prof. Wesley Newton, Mar. 1, 1971; “60,000 Children Acclaim Lindy,” St. Louis Globe-Democrat, Feb. 15, 1928, pp. 1–2; Time’s “Man of the Year” as a “marketing gimmick” is cited in Walter Isaacson,Kissinger (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992), p. 479; SSL, p. 530.
8 UNICORNS
E: AOV, p. 118.
DWM AND ECM: Walter Lippmann, “DWM: A Tribute,” New York Herald-Tribune, Oct. 7, 1931; Nicolson, Morrow, pp. 3–20, 22–41, 51–2, 69–78, 80, 103, 110, 113 124, 129–31, 164, 206, 211, 259; DWM to President Benjamin Harrison, Jan 3, 1891 [ACL]; Charles Burnett to DWM, Apr. 16, 1914 [ACL]; Margot Wilkie to ASB (I), Apr. 26, 1993; ECM, notebook, n.d. [Smith College]; DWM to ECM, June 12, 1895, July 10, 1899; ECM to “Mother,” July 26, 1901; BMAU, p. xiii; n.a. The History of Englewood[MHS: Box 114]; ERMM, “The Little Brown House” and “Move to Palisade Avenue (U), n.d. [Smith College]; Chernow, House of Morgan, p. 150; ECM (D), Jan. 30, Feb. 25, Mar. 31, and Apr. 8, 1914; CMM to ASB (I), Mar. 3, 1993.
DWM’s brother Jay Johnson Morrow distinguished himself in the Engineer Corps of the United States Army, rising to the rank of General and serving as Governor of the Canal Zone. [N.B. DWM actually joined the law firm of Reed, Simpson, Thacher & Barnum, which became Simpson, Thacher & Bartlett in 1904.]
AML, BACKGROUND AND MEETING CAL: Corliss Lamont to ASB (I), June 4, 1993; RML to ASB (I), May 8, 1993; Susanna Beck Hatt to ASB (I), May 6, 1993; Dorothea Bolton to AML, Dec. 15, 1974; BMAU, pp. v (E), xvi, xx, 5–6, 15, 19–21; AML to ERMM, June 7, 1922 and late-Sept. 1922; ERMM to AML, July 4, 1923; AML, “Ships,” The Wheel (Chapin School), Dec., 1923 (also: “Distance Lends Enchantment,” Mar., 1924 and “Disillusions of Childhood,” n.d.); Mary Walker Delafield to AML, Mar. 22, 1966; ERMM (D), Apr. 22, 1924 [MHS]; CMM to ASB (I), Mar. 3, 1993; AML to ECM, Sept. 28, 1924, Apr. 22 and May 23, 1925, Jan. 31, July 23, 1927; AML to John Krout, Jan. 22, 1965; “Obituaries,” Smith Alumnae Quarterly, Winter, 1986, pp. 68–9; Elizabeth Bacon Rodewald to AML, Feb. 9, 1972, Aug. 28, 1974, Feb. 9, 1977; Margot Wilkie to ASB (I), Apr. 26, 1993; AML, Dearly Beloved (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1962), p. 79; Corliss Lamont to AML, Feb. 8, 1928; ECM (D), July 19, 1927; Nicolson, Morrow, p. 292; Stanley Ross, “DWM,” p. 288.
CAL IN MEXICO; AML FALLS IN LOVE: BMAU, pp. 80–89, 91–2, 94–7, 99–100, 104, 106–8; 118, 135, 139, 147; AML (D), Dec. 20, 21, 28, 1927, Feb., Apr. 5, May 3, 1928; ECM (D), Dec. 14–20, 27, 1927, Jan. 26, 1928; AML to ECM, Jan. 15, Feb., Mar. 18, “after [Easter] vacation,” May 3, 1928; AML to ERMM, Apr. 23, 1928; Fanny Heaslip Lea, “Galahad Himself,” Saturday Evening Post, Mar. 31, 1928.
CAL AND AVIATION INDUSTRY: CAL, “Air Transport,” Feb. 1, 1930; CAL, “Articles No. 1, 3, and 4,” NYT, 1928; AOV, pp. 96–105, 107– 8, 112; Gore Vidal, United States (New York: Random House: 1993), pp. 1061–2, 1067; “History of Transcontinental & Western Air, Inc.” (remarks of Hon. Simeon D. Fess), Congressional Record, Apr. 20, 1934; CAL (N), Jan. 26, 1958; C. M. Keys to Stockholders of TAT, Inc., Feb. 20, 1928; CAL, “Report,” to D. M. Sheaffer, c. 1930; CAL, “TAT Report,” Winter, 1928–9; Paul Henderson, “Report” to CAL, Feb. 1, 1928; C. M. Keys to CAL, May 23, 1928; Cheever Cowdin to CAL, June 19, 1929 [MHS]; CAL to Cheever Cowdin, June 19, 1929 [MHS]; correspondence between CAL and Acme Milling and Refining Co., Sept., 1930–Apr., 1931, W. D. Coolidge (of General Electric) and CAL, Jan. 30, 1929; Ford Motor Company, Oct. 15, 1932; Goodyear, 1928–1931, and A. Wittnauer Co., to CAL, June 5, 1930 [MHS]; DAVIS, Aug. 13, 1969; CAL to D. A. Colussy, Feb. 11, 1971; CAL to Prof. Newton, June 6, 1970; CAL, “Lindy Earns Vacation,” St. Louis Globe-Democrat, Feb. 12, 1928; Juan Trippe to CAL, May 15, 1928, Jan. 7, 1929; CAL to Juan Trippe, Nov. 12, 1929; CAL, “Form 1040,” Individual Income Tax Return, 1928 and 1929; HB to CAL, July 9, 1928 (two letters); CAL to ELLL, ca. July 10, 1928; “Mrs. L and Miss Morrow Join Faculty,” Near East Colleges News Letter, Oct., 1928, p. 1.
CAL-AML COURTSHIP: AOV, pp. 117, 119, 121–4; RML to ASB (I), May 8, 1993; Susanna Beck Hatt to ASB (I), May 6, 1993; ERMM to AML, Mar. 10 and Nov. 6, 1928; AML (D), March 1 and 26, May 3, June 22, July 13, 1928; BMAU, pp. 116, 127, 153, 157, 160, 168, 172, 175–7, 180–205, 208–11, 219–20, 227–8; ECM (D), Aug. 9, Nov. 13, 18, 22, 1928; “Mother Declares Lindy Marriage Rumors ‘Silly,’” n.s., n.d.; AML to CMM, Oct. 4, 12, 19, 22, 26, and 29, Nov. 5 and 19, 1928: ERMM (D), Nov. 11, 1928; AML to ECM, June 28, 1929; AML to Stephen D. Bodayla, Oct. 21, 1980; CMM to ASB (I), Mar. 3, 1993; AML to ERMM, late-Nov., 1928; CAL to ELLL, Nov. 12, 1928, Feb. 20, 1929; ELLL to CAL, Dec. 20, 1928; ELLL to AML, Dec. 6, 1928; AML to ELLL, Jan. 4, 1929; CAL to AML, Apr. 16, 1929; HGHL, p. 1; AML to Corliss Lamont, n.d.; AML to Mrs. Norton, ca. Feb. 11, 1929.
Besides the Jordan Prize, AML won the Elizabeth Montagu Prize for a paper on Mme. D’Houdetot; her poem “Height” was published in the March, 1928 issue of Scribner’s Magazine.
ENGAGEMENT: Ruth Dean, “Mrs. DWM’s Garden,” Charm, Aug. 1930; ECM (D), Jan. 27, Feb. 12, 13, 16, 27, and 28, 1929; “L to Wed Anne S. Morrow …” (Philadelphia?) Inquirer, Feb. 13, 1929; ERMM to “D. C.,” Mar. 12, 1929; ECM to Alice Morrow, Feb. 24, 1929; DAVIS, Aug. 13, 1969; AML to ASL, Mar. 5, 1972; HGHL, pp. 1–2, 4, 16–8; ERMM to ECM, Feb. 2, 1929; CMM to ERMM, Feb. 13, 1929; AML, “Misc Note,” (D), June 5, 1929; AML to CMM, Mar. 8, 1929; ECM to Katherine Norton[?], Mar. 21, 1929; AOV, pp. 125–7; CAL, timeline, 1929.
CAL-AML WEDDING: AML (D), May 27, 1929 (written on D pp. July 11–18, 1929); CAL, holograph will, May 27, 1929; Madame Blanche to CAL, June 16, 1939; ECM (D), May 28, 1929, and May 7, 1939; ELLL (N), May, 1929; AOV, p. 127; AML to ECM, May 27, 1929; “L and Miss Morrow Wed …,” (St. Louis) Globe Democrat, May 28, 1929.
9 “WE”
E: AOV, p. 128.
HONEYMOON: AML to ECM, June, 18, 1929; HGHL, pp. 40–6; CAL to Edw. T. Richardson, Jr., Sept. 8, 1969, CAL to Senator Spong, Sept. 4, 1972; AML to DWM, Jr., June 23, 1929; AOV, p. 128; ECM (D), June 20, 1929; AML to Sue Beck, June 26, 1929.
“Mouette” (the name of the Ls’ honeymoon boat) is French for “sea gull.”
NEWLYWEDS AND AVIATION: Simeon D. Fess, “History of Transcontinental & Western Air, Inc.,” Congressional Record, Apr. 20, 1934; CAL, “Report” to Col. Paul Henderson, May 26, 1929; n.a., “Transcontinental & Western Air,” Aero Digest, Feb., 1934, n.p.; ECM (D), June 20, 1929; AML to ECM, June 18 and 28, July 6 and 13, Sept. 5, 1929, Jan. 18, Apr. 4, 1930; HGHL, pp. 9, 45, 47–62, 72–3, 97–9, 120–1, 157–8; AML to CMM, June 27, July 4, 8, and 9, Aug. 6, 1929; AML to ERMM, July 2, 1929; CAL, “Statement,” ca. 1929 [Y:124/508]; AOV, p. 106, 107–9, 203–5, Gene Coughlin, “When L Saved the Day for Me,” Reader’s Digest, Feb., 1958, pp. 81–4; Kevin Starr, Material Dreams (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), pp. 115–7; CAL, “Travelling By Air in 1929” (Daniel Guggenheim Fund), 1929; Pan American Airways System (M), 1931; Vidal, United States, pp. 1067–9; Capt. Benjamin B. Lipsner (as told to Leonard Finley Hilts), The Airmail: Jennies to Jets (New York: Wilcox & Follett, 1951), pp. 220, 224–37; AML to ELLL, Jan. 24, Apr. 9, and n.d., 1930; Bob Meakin, “Spirit of Lebec,” Westways, Mar., 1974, pp. 19–23, 75; William L. Van Dusen, “Charlie L—Glider Pilot,” Western Flying, May, 1930, pp. 50–3, 143; Marlen Pew, “Shop Talk at Thirty,” Editor & Publisher: The Fourth Estate, July 26, 1930, draft of article with CAL revisions, n.d. [MHS: B59/F5]; Paul Garber to ASB (I), June 6, 1990; A. V. Kidder, “Col. And Mrs. L Aid Archaeologists,” News Service Bulletin (Carnegie Institution of Washington), Part I, Dec. 1, 1929, pp. 109–13, and Part II, pp. 115–21; CAL to Harry Davison, Nov. 26, 1967; FRDT; Trippe, “CAL and World Travel,” pp. 6–9; Dr. Walter M. Simpson to CAL, May 16, 1935; CAL to Miss Cunningham, July 13, 1970; AML to Sue Beck, Oct. 5, 1929.
ROCKETS AND RHG: AOV, pp. 15, 335–43, 381; CAL to Frederick Duvant III, Jan. 30, 1970; CAL (N) for Lehman’s This High Man, June 27, 1956; Lehman, High Man, pp. 54, 159, 176–83, 208–21; Henry Du Pont to CAL, Oct. 23, 1929; Charles Stine to CAL, Nov. 6, 1929; “Finds New Explosive For Rocket Planes,” NYT, Nov. 6, 1929; CAL to Milton Lehman, May 11, 1963; John Merriam, (M) re Goddard Rocket Project, Dec. 10, 1929; John Merriam to CAL, Jan. 25, 1930; CAL to HG, May 19, 1930; HG to CAL, May 28, 1930; “Goddard Backs Rocket Sky-Study,” NYT, July 10, 1930; HGHL, pp. 6, 64–6, 68–9; RHG to HG, Feb. 18, July 15, and Oct. 29, 1935; HG to RHG, Mar. 4, 1935; RHG to CAL, June 10 and Oct. 29, 1935; HG to CAL, Aug. 8, 1935.
SETTLING DOWN: AML to ERMM, Aug. 17, 1929, Apr. 3 and 8, 1930; FRDT; AML to CMM, Aug. 4 and 6, 1929; Vidal, United States, p. 1069; Sue Beck Hatt to ASB (I), May 6, 1993; HGHL, pp. 7–8, 102–7, 126–9, 131–2, 134–6; AML to ECM, Oct. 13 and 30, 1929, Mar. 4, Apr. 10, 1930; AML to ELLL, n.d. [1929]; Nicolson, Morrow, pp. 350–3, 377–89; AML, “Dedication of Chilton House” (U speech), Oct. 17, 1972; CAL to Mrs. Carl Squier, Nov. 7, 1969; FRDT; R. S. Allen, “The Lockheed Sirius,” MHS Journal, Winter, 1965, pp. 266–70; R. S. Allen, Revolution in the Sky (Brattleboro, VT: The Stephen Greene Press, 1964), pp. 36–9; CAL to Paul Johnston, Feb. 27, 1966.
BIRTH OF CAL, JR.: AML to CMM, May 12 and Nov. 10, 1930; HGHL, pp. 132, 134–6, 138–40, 142, 144–5, 151–4, 160; AML to ELLL, June 10 and 23–4, Sept. 29, and Nov., 1930, prob. Mar., Mar. 5 and 31, May 10, 1931; CAL (N) on Pew, “Shop Talk” draft; ECM (D), June 22, 1930; ECM to ELLL, June 23, 1930; CAL, “To the Wire Services,” June 22, 1930; Mollie Wells, “Stars Propitious For the Lindys’ Boy,” Daily Mirror, June 24, 1930, p. 3; FDR to CAL, June 29, 1929; “A L Memorial,” St. Louis Post Dispatch, c. Jan. 14, 1930; A. A. Graham, “The Next President of the U. S.,” n.s., c. Oct. 30, 1930; Ralph Sordillo to CAL, Aug. 1, 1931; Rev. Paul Hamborszky to CAL, Oct. 7, 1930; J. V. McAree, “Col. L Disliked By Quite a Few People,” n.s., Oct. 7, 1930; H. W. Ross to HB, Sept. 29, 1930; Russell Owen to CAL, Sept. 18, 1930; “Not Touched By Baby,” “War and Lindy,” “Looks and Lindy,” clippings, n.s., n.d.; AML to ERMM, July 30–Aug. 3, 1930; Laura Lou Brookman, “How Ls Live in Rented Home,” n.s., ca. Dec. 10, 1930; J. R. Donovan, “Lone Eagle Plans His Nest in the Sky,” (Philadelphia) Evening Bulletin, Apr. 7, 1931; AML to Lucia Norton Valentine, Dec. 1930; Betty Gow to ASB (I), Sept. 25, 1993; Post Office Inspector D. P. Looney to CAL, Nov. 25, 1930, P. O. Inspector W. K. Halliday to CAL, Sept 29, 1930; AML (U-N) re Betty Gow, Mar., 1932.
BIOLOGY AND DR. CARREL: AOV, pp. 129–35; CAL to Father Joseph Durkin, May 20, 1966; CAL, (U-AW), [Y:218/626]; Dr. Paluel Flagg to CAL, Dec. 1, 1930, June 22, 1935; Dr. Paluel Flagg, “L’s Introduction to Medicine” (U memoir), June 22, 1930; James Thomas Flexner, An American Saga (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1984), p. 351; W. Sterling Edwards and Peter Edwards, AC: Visionary Surgeon (Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1974), pp. 8, 15; Simon Flexner, “AC: 1873–1944,” n.s., n.d.; AC,Man, the Unknown (New York: Halcyon House, 1935), pp. 60, 214, 296, 321; Albert H. Ebeling, “Carrel’s Immortal Tissue,” American Druggist, Jan., 1942, n.p.; Dr. Richard Bing, (U) memoir, “Carrel, L, Rockefeller Institute, and NYC,” n.d., pp. 32–49; CAL, “Preface” to AC, The Voyage to Lourdes (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1950), pp. v–viii; CAL to Dr. William Glenn, Apr. 9, 1965; CAL to Dr. Houston, Jan. 3, 1960; “Col. L Gets Degree at Princeton,” NYT, June 17, 1931; Dr. Richard Bing to ASB (I), Feb. 17, 1994; AML to Jack Moseley, Oct. 20, 1980; CAL, quoted in “Paying Tribute to Dr. Carrel,” American Medical News, Aug. 20, 1973, pp. 16–7; CAL, “AC Centenary,” draft, June 28, 1973; CAL, “AC,” draft, Dec. 29, 1973; CAL, “Speech” at Huntington Memorial Hospital, Dec. 2, 1970.
TRIP NORTH TO ORIENT: CAL, (U-AW) [Y:218/626]; CAL, “Autobiographical” (U-AW), 1947; NTO, pp. 11–2, 15, 23–5, 27–9, 37–40, 65–8, 162–200, 210–221, 226–34; CAL to William Leary, Jr., July 21, 1968; Nelson A. Rockefeller to CAL, July 17, 1931; Leonard Baldwin (of Lomen Reindeer Corp.) to CAL, July 23, 1931; Vilhjalmur Stefansson to CAL, June 19, 1931; CAL to Vilhjalmur Stefansson, July 13, 1931; HGHL, pp. 8, 160–2, 188–94; Betty Gow to ASB (I), Sept. 25, 1993; AML to ELLL, May 10, 1931; AML to ECM, July 17 and 22, Aug. 6, 8, 10, 17–8, 29, Sept. 17, 26, 28, and 30, early Oct., 1931; ECM (U) account of CAL, Jr., c. Spring, 1932; ELLL to CAL, July 8, 1931; CAL to John Grierson, Mar. 17, 1964; “Ls in Tokyo Cheered by 100,000,”NYT, Aug. 27, 1931; CAL (U-M) re his revolver, June 27, 1933; AOV, pp. 250–5; CAL, “Report” to China’s National Flood Relief Commission, Sept. 26, 1931; J. Heng Liu, “An Experience with L,” n.s., n.d.; AML to ERMM, Oct., 1931.
DEATH OF DWM AND RETURN TO U.S.: ERMM to AML (T), Oct. 6, 1931; Ekins of United Press to CAL (T), Oct. 6, 1931; DWM, “You Dare Not Fail,” speech, printed in The Survey, Nov. 15, 1931, pp. 193–4; Nicolson, Morrow, pp. 399–400; “Morrow is Buried,” NYT, Oct. 6, 1931; Walter Lippmann, “Dwight Morrow,” New York Herald Tribune, Oct. 7, 1931; ECM (D), Oct. 5–8, 1931; ECM to AML, Oct. 15, 1931; B. T. Chiu to CAL and AML, Oct. 30, 1934; Gilbert Grovenor to B. T. Chiu, Jan. 25, 1934; Amb. Cameron Forbes to CAL, Feb. 13, 1932; “Ls in China,” NYT, Sept. 29, 1931.
HOUSE IN HOPEWELL: AML to ELLL, Nov. 12, 1931; HGHL, pp. 202–5; AML to CMM, Nov. 16, 1931; ECM (U-N) re CAL, Jr., Spring, 1932; AML (U-N) re Betty Gow, Mar., 1932; AML (U), “The Tulips,” Winter, 1940; Betty Gow to ASB (I), Sept. 25, 1993; “L To Celebrate 30th Birthday,” n.s., Jan. 28, 1932; “CAL on 30th Birthday,” n.s., ca. Feb. 4, 1932; James C. Young, “L Adding to His Trophies,” NYT Magazine, Nov. 1, 1931; CAL, “A Method for Washing Corpuscles in Suspension,” Science, Apr. 15, 1932, pp. 415–6; CAL to Dr. Michael Weiner, July 16, 1965; CAL and AML, income tax returns, 1930, 1931; Dr. David Read to ASB (I), May 2, 1993; AML to ELLL, Dec., 1931.
10 SOURLAND
E: AOV, p. 139.
AT HOME WITH “THE BABY”: “Heroes—’Cunning Little Rascal,’” Time, Nov. 30, 1931, p. 11; Will Rogers, “Will Rogers Recalls…,” NYT, Mar. 3, 1932, p. 8; AML to Sue Beck Vaillant, ca. Jan. 13, 1932; AML to ELLL, Feb. 7 and 10, 1932; “Mrs. L Aids China Flood Appeal,” NYT, Feb. 22, 1932, p. 18; Frank Doubleday to AML, Oct. 9, 1930; HGHL, pp. 222–4; CAL (D), Nov. 11, 1931 and Feb. 24, 1932.
NIGHT OF KIDNAPPING: AML, “Statement” to Lt. J. J. Sweeney and Det. Hugh Strong, Newark Police Dept., Mar. 13, 1932; Betty Gow, “Statement” to J. J. Lamb, May 12, 1932; Elsie Mary Whateley, “Statement” to J. J. Sweeney and Hugh Strong, Mar. 10, 1932; Olly Whateley, “Statement” to P. J. Brady, L. J. Bornmann, and J. J. Sweeney, Mar. 3, 1932; CAL, “Statement” to J. J. Sweeney, Mar. 11, 1932; “Kidnapping and Murder of CAL, Jr.,” FBI Summary Report, New York File 62–3057, p. 49; Hugh Larimer, “Unknown Subjects,” FBI Report, Mar. 4, 1933; Lt. Dunn quoted by Det. L. J. Bornmann to C. D. Plebani in Jim Fisher, The Lindbergh Case (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987), pp. 7–8; “Police Information,” teletype, Mar. 1, 1932 (New Jersey State Police Museum); Corp. Jos. A. Wolfe, “Major Initial Report,” Mar. 1, 1932; AML to ELLL, Mar. 2 and 3, 1932; HGHL, pp. 224, 226–7; “Kidnapping Holds First Place on Radio,” NYT, Mar. 4, 1932, p. 8; Oren Root to ASB (I), Apr. 10, 1994; ransom note #1 as well as those that followed are housed at the New Jersey State Police Museum, West Trenton, New Jersey; the Schwarzkopf detractors are quoted in Ludovic Kennedy, The Airman and the Carpenter (New York: Viking, 1985), p. 86; “Father Searches Grounds for Child,” NYT, Mar. 2, 1932, pp.1, 3.
DAYS FOLLOWING KIDNAPPING: “L Baby Kidnapped,” NYT, Mar. 2, 1932, pp. 1, 3; Sidney B. Whipple, The Lindbergh Crime (New York: Blue Ribbon Books, 1935), pp. 14–18, 28–9; “Home Now Police Centre,” NYT, Mar. 4, 1932, pp. 1, 8; AML to ELLL, Mar. 3 and Apr. 8, 1932; HGHL, pp. 226–7, 237; Fisher, L Case, pp. 17, 20–8; “Federal Aid in Hunt Order By Hoover,” p. 8,”Roosevelt Orders State Police Hunt,” p. 8, “L Hopeful, Is Ready to Ransom Son,” pp. 1, 9, “100,000 in The Manhunt,” pp. 1, 8, “Kidnapping Arouses Sympathy of Nation,” pp. 1, 10, “Diet Needed by L Baby,” p. 1, “‘Baby Is Safe,’ Says Card from Newark,” p. 10, “Kidnapping Wave Sweeps Nation,” p. 9, NYT, Mar. 3, 1932; F. Trubee Davison to CAL (T), Mar. 2, 1932; “Kidnapping of Baby Speeds Federal Law,” NYT, Mar. 2, 1932, pp. 1, 3; press release re Boy Scouts of America, c. Mar. 7, 1932 [MHS]; “AF of L in 7 States Asked to Aid in Hunt,” NYT, Mar. 6, 1932; D. M. Sheaffer to CAL (T), Mar. 2, 1932; “Westchester Women Aid L Search,” p. 8, “World Waits Hopefully,” pp. 1, 8, “Television Used in Search,” p. 9, NYT, Mar. 4, 1932; Betty and Will Rogers to CAL and AML (T), Mar. 2, 1932; Herbert Hoover to CAL and AML, Mar. 2, 1932; Benjamin Lupica to ASB (I), Apr. 7, 1994; FBI “Summary Report,” p. 255; T. P. Crockett to CAL (T), Mar. 11, 1932; Carl Egge to CAL (T), Apr. 15, 1932; Janie Dietz to CAL (T), Mar. 3, 1932; Anon. to Hopewell Chief of Police, Mar. 5, 1932; “Kidnapping Notes Swamp Police,” Mar. 5, 1932, NYT, p. 6; Irene Mayer Selznick to ASB (I), Apr. 4, 1987; Chernow, House of Morgan, p. 301.
THEORIES AND INVESTIGATION: “CHJF” to AML, May 4, 1932; ECM (D), Mar. 8, 1932; Anon. to AML (from England), Oct. 13, 1933; Maurice Sendak comment expressed in Joyce Milton, Loss of Eden: A Biography of C and AML (New York: HarperCollins, 1993), p. 300; Dr. J. W. Hall to CAL, Mar. 14, 1932 [MHS]; Whipple, L Crime, pp. 27–8, 47 (Capone quoted on p. 55); Whited quoted in Kennedy, Airman, pp. 215–6; “No Trace of L Kidnappers,” pp. 1, 9, Mar. 4, 1932, “Flier’s Mother Composed,” p. 7, “Col and Mrs. L’s Offer,” p. 1, “Friend of L Nurse is Seized,” pp. 1, 7, Mar. 5, 1932, NYT; AML to ELLL, Mar. 3, 5, 1932; HGHL, pp. 227–9; Fisher, L Case, p. 14; Betty Gow to ASB (I), Sept. 25, 1993; ransom note #2; “Ls in Message to Abductors,” pp. 1, 23, “Text of Announcement,” p. 1, Mar. 6, 1932, NYT; “L Ignored Police in New Move,” p. 12, Mar. 7, 1932, NYT; ECM to ELLL, Mar. 4, 1932; D. P. Weimer (of Weimer & Bennett) to HB, Mar. 7, 1932; Barrett Wendell, Jr. to Jerome D. Green, Mar. 2, 1932 [MHS].
In Murder on the Orient Express, Agatha Christie wrote of the fictitious “Armstrong Kidnapping Case,” in which a Colonel Armstrong’s only child was abducted during his wife’s second pregnancy. Shortly after Armstrong paid an enormous ransom, the child’s dead body was discovered; and in the surrounding hysteria, a nursemaid who could not bear the police interrogation committed suicide.
MEANS, CURTIS, AND “JAFSIE”: George Waller, Kidnap (New York: Dial Press, 1961), pp. 35–48, 50; Condon letter appeared in Bronx Home News, Mar. 8, 1932, cited in Fisher, L Case, pp. 40, 42, 45, 47–9, 56–61; FBI “Summary Report,” pp. 80–1, 157–76, 178–9, 305; Kennedy, Airman, pp. 98–103; Larimer, FBI report, Mar. 4, 1933; ECM(D), Mar. 10, 11, 12, 16, 1932; AML to ELLL, Mar. 10 and 12, Apr. 29, 1932; HGHL, pp. 232–3, 243; W. Merrick (M), FBI Files #62–3057, Mar. 18, 1932; J. E. Seykora, FBI report re Condon, Mar. 8, 1934; John F. Condon, grand jury testimony, May 20, 1932; Edward F. Bergman, Woodlawn Remembers (New York: North Country Books, 1988), pp. 3–11; J. F. Condon, “Meeting the Kidnapper, Mar. and Apr., 1932 at Woodlawn Cemetery,” n.d. [NJ State Police Museum]; J. F. Condon “Statement” to District Attorney, May 14, 1932; “11 Days of Failure in L Case” and “Spitale Acquitted on Liquor Charge,” Mar. 13, 1932, NYT, p. 3; “L Case Commercialized,” NYT, Mar. 7, 1932, p. 11.
Condon used a pseudonym with all except the innermost circle at the Lindberghs’. Even Mrs. Morrow called him “Mr. Stice” for weeks, thinking his name was J. U. Stice.
WAITING; PAYING RANSOM: CAL, “Statement,” The Detriot News, Mar. 20, 1932, n.p.; AML to ELLL, Mar. 8, 12, 16, 21, and 23, Apr. 1, 6, 8, 13, 18, 29, 1932; ECM (D), Mar. 20, 22, 26, 29, and 31, Apr. 2–5, 7–9, 11, 1932; J. M. Keith (FBI) report to J. E. Hoover, Apr. 9, 1932; FBI “Summary Report,” pp. 183–8, 208–10; Fisher, L Case, pp. 72, 76–7, 79; Kennedy, Airman, p. 104; HGHL, pp. 231–3, 235–7, 242–3; AML, (U) fragment, “The Tulips,” late winter, 1940; AML to ERMM, Mar. 18, 1932; John F. Condon,Jafsie Tells All! (New York: Jonathan Lee, 1936), p. 148; CAL, “Statement” to Harry W. Walsh, May 20, 1932; J. E. Seykora, “Report” re Condon, Mar. 3, 1934; J. F. Condon, “From Memory: Meeting Kidnapper at St. Raymond’s,” Mar. 23, 1934; Larimer, FBI Report, n.d.; John F. Condon, grand jury testimony, May 20, 1932; CAL, grand jury testimony, Sept. 26, 1934; J. E. Seykora, “Title: Unknown Subjects,” re Condon, Mar. 8, 1934; CAL (N) on back of Secretary of Treasury to CAL, May 7, 1932; Waller, Kidnap, p. 79; ELLL to AML, Apr. 13, 1932.
WAITING; PURSUING ALTERNATIVE LEADS: Fisher, L Case, pp. 94–5, FBI Summary Report, pp. 384, 390–8; ECM (D), Apr. 14, 19, 20, 24, and 29, May 8–11, 1932; C. Lloyd Fisher, “The Case New Jersey Would Like to Forget,” Liberty, Aug. 1–Sept. 12, 1936 (seven weekly installments), esp. Aug. 8, pp. 31, 33, and Aug. 15, p. 15; CAL, “Statement” to Harry Walsh, May 20, 1932; CAL, “Outline of Information” re Curtis, Apr. 20, 1932; AML (D), May 11, 1932; HGHL, p. 245.
DISCOVERY OF CORPSE: “Two Distinct Fractures,” pp. 1,2, and “Trenton Negro Tells of Finding Body,” n.p., Trenton State Gazette; FBI Summary Report, pp. 58, 108–11; Larimer report, “Alpine 1230,” Condon Ex. #29; Fitzgerald and Zapolsky report, and Corp. Frank Kelley report, May 12, 1932 [NJ State Police Hq., L case archives]; Betty Gow to ASB (I), Sept. 25, 1993; ECM (D), May 12, 1932; AML (D), May 12, 1932; HGHL, pp. 246–8, 252; AML to ELLL, May 12, and 17, 1932; Whipple, L Crime, pp. 98–9; Waller, Kidnap, p. 104; Ross, Last Hero, pp. 211–28; Fisher, L Case, pp. 112–4; Betty Gow, “Statement” to Robert Coar and Samuel Leon (NJ State Police), May 13, 1932; Walter Swayze, “Report on Unknown Baby,” May 12, 1932.
L subscribed to the theory that the baby fell to his death when the ladder broke. (Larimer report, Mar. 4, 1933, p. 11.)
11 APPREHENSION
E: AOV, p. 390.
CONDOLENCES AND AFTERMATH: HB comment comes from Oren Root to ASB (I), Apr. 19, 1994; CAL papers include lists of “Ts Received from Organizations,” “Letters of Condolence Received from Organizations,” May–June, 1932, “Letters Received from Personal Friends,” May–June, 1932; “Ts Received from Officials,” “Flowers and Gifts,” c. week of May 13, 1932, “Ts—Personal,” May, 1932; Ortíz Rubio to CAL, May 18, 1932; Mayor Frank Kiewele to CAL and AML, May 13, 1932; ELCS to CAL, May 14, 1932; Elsie Allen to AML, May 16, 1932; James F. Spink, “The Little Eaglet” (Buffalo: Sword & Shield Bookstore, 1932), pamphlet; n.a. “Oshamnu,” The Hungarian Jew, May 24, 1932, p. 4; Kathleen Norris, “Save All ‘Lost Children,’” n.s., c. May 15, 1932; Charles Elliott, NJ Commissioner of Education to CAL (re Puerto Rican schoolchildren), July 7, 1932; Joseph Stehlin (of Jacksonville Beach Chamber of Commerce) to CAL, Oct. 4, 1932; Z. Szabodosz (of Amerikai Magyar Nepszava) to AML (re Hungarian woman offering her son for adoption), June 15, 1932; AML to ELLL, May 18 and 22, June 10, 1932; ECM (D), Mar. 15 and May 23, 1932; AML (D), May 20–23, 31, June 4, 1932, HGHL, pp. 254–8, 262, 265, 269; AOV, p. 140.
Ls REASSEMBLE THEIR LIVES; CASE WINDS DOWN: Amelia Earhart quip related by CMM to ASB (I), Mar. 3, 1993 and Dr. David Read to ASB (I), May 2, 1993; AML to ERMM, June 10, 1932; HGHL, pp. 269–272, 282–7, 292, 296–7; FBI, “Summary Report,” NY-62–3057, pp. 80–93; AML to ELLL, June 13, July 2 and 5, 1932; ECM (D), June 10 and 11, 1932; AML (D), June 11 and 12, July 9 and 24, 1932, Aug. 14, 1932; H. Norman Schwarzkopf to “All Law Enforcement Officials,” flier, May 21, 1932; AML to ERMM, Aug. 8, 1932; Mina Curtis, “CL: A Personal Portrait,” c. 1941, p. 6 [Sophia Smith Library]; DAVIS, Aug. 19, 1969.
BIRTH OF JML; MARRIAGE OF ERMM: AML (D), Aug. 16–7, 20, 24, 28, Sept. 3, 8, 14, 17, Dec. 28, 1932; HGHL, pp. 297–301, 303, 305–7, 309–11, 313, 315, 318–23; AML to ELLL, Aug. 16 and 18, Sept. 15, ca. Oct. 15, Dec. 15, 1932; ECM (D), Aug. 16 and 17, 1932; Dr. Hawks is quoted by Lynn Frost in a letter from Thomas B. Congdon, Jr., to ASB, Apr. 22, 1991; CAL to United Press (T), Aug. 16, 1932; Fred Ferguson of NEA Service Inc., to HG, Aug. 17, 1932; ERMM to ELLL, Oct. 29, 1932; “Another Morrow Bride,” (NY) Daily News, Dec. 29, 1932.
In 1933, the Lindberghs gave away their property outside Hopewell, New Jersey. It was named High Fields and has since been used as a home for children in need.
RENEWED SOCIAL LIFE; NEW TRAVELS: AML (D), Jan. 13, 18, 21, 24, 30, Feb. 6, Apr. 26–30, May 6–71933; LROD, pp. 5, 8–13, 18–20, 26–37; AML to ECM, Mar. 2, 1933, AML to ELLL, Mar. 2 and May 11, 1933; AML pouring water on CAL related by CMM to ASB (I), Mar. 3, 1993; CAL to ELLL, June 5, Sept. 3, 1932; CAL, log of flights, Mar. 30–Apr. 25, 1932; CAL to Nettie Beauregard, May 17, 1933; “L Visits Friends,” St. Louis Post Dispatch, Apr. 22, 1933, n.p.; “L Flies Again,” Detroit Times, Apr. 20, 1933, p. 1; “Ls Reach Ohio,” NYT, Apr. 21, 1933, n.p.; “Ls Here,” Kansas City Times, Apr. 25, 1933, p. 1; AML to ERMM, May 1933; “Ls Held By a Sandstorm,” NYT, May 8, 1933, p.1.
PLANNING ATLANTIC SURVEY TRIP: CAL, “Foreword,” LTW, pp. v–viii; AOV, pp. 108–9; CAL, “North Atlantic Survey—1933,” July 28, 1934; Richard Sanders Allen, “The Lockheed Sirius,” A. A. H. S, Journal, Winter, 1965, pp. 269–70; DAVIS, Aug. 19. 1969; F. C. Meier to CAL, Dec. 20, 1933; Fred C. Meier, “Collecting Micro-Organisms From the Arctic Atmosphere,” The Scientific Monthly, Jan., 1935, pp. 5–20; Vilhjalmur Stefansson to CAL, June 8 and July 8, 1933; F. Gledhill (of Pan American) to V. Stefansson (M), July 7, 1933; CAL to Milton Lehman, Apr. 6, 1963; AML to ELLL, June 12 and 20, 1933; LROD, pp. 40–4; ERMM to AML, May 28, 1933; AML (D), June 25, 1933; AML to ERMM, June 24, 1933.
GREENLAND AND EUROPE: CAL, “Lockheed Sirius,” log, July 1–Sept. 17, 1933; “Ls Start Flight to Arctic,” NYT, July 10, 1933, n.p.; AML (D), July 9, 21, and 22, 1933; AML to ELLL, June 20, Sept. 15, Oct. 10, 22, 25, 1933, LROD, pp. xviii–xix, 42–3, 46–58, 60–94, 110, 112–4, 132–8, 153–4; AML to ECM, Aug. 11 and 20, 1933; AML quoted in “Ls,” Smithsonian World, Mar. 1984, p. 27; “L Rumor Creates Worry Throughout the World” and “The Rumors About L,” (Copenhagen) Politiken, Aug. 11 and 12, 1933; John Grierson quoted in (Tom Crouch, ed.) CAL: An American Life (Washington, D. C.: National Air and Space Museum, 1977), p. 13; AML (U) draft of “Introduction” to John Grierson, I Remember L (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977); AML (D), Aug. 17–20, Sept. 17, Nov. 22–3, 1933; John Grierson to Editor, “Letters,” Flight International, Sept. 19, 1974, n.p.; AML to ERMM, Nov. 6, 1933; “L Pays Homage … Shows Wife Bourget,” Chicago Daily Tribune (European edition), Oct. 31, 1933, n.p.; AML quoted in Winifred Rogers, “Does Baby Jon Need His Mother?,” The Cleveland Press, Dec. 1, 1933, n.p.
AFRICA; SOUTH AMERICA: AML (D), Nov. 27, Dec. 5, 9, 11, and 12, 1933; LROD, pp. 157–8, 168–75, 178–9; AOV, pp. 113–5; LTW, pp. 203–17, La Varre to William A. Orr, Jan. 5, 1934; William Orr to CAL, Mar. 8, 1934.
RETURN TO AMERICA: FDR to CAL and AML (T), Dec. 16, 1933; AML and CAL to FDR, Dec. 17, 1933; CAL, “Foreword,” LTW, p. ix; FRDT; CAL to Dr. H. E. Anthony (American Museum of Natural History), May 1, 1934; CAL to Clarence Hay, Feb. 20, 1934; Clarence Hay to AML and CAL, Nov. 11, 1934; “Ls Sign Off After Flight,” Newsweek, Dec. 30, 1933, p. 19; CAL to Orville Wright, Jan. 5, 1933; Orville Wright to Dr. Charles G. Abbot, Dec. 23, 2933, Orville Wright to CAL, Jan. 11, 1934; AML to ERMM, Feb. 19 and June 7, 1934; AML to ELLL, Mar. 2, 1933, Jan. 24, c. Feb. 25, Apr. 26, 1934; LROD, pp. 19, 190, 192–3; FDR to CAL and AML, c. Jan., 1934; CAL and AML to FDR and Eleanor Roosevelt, c., Jan., 1934.
AIR-MAIL CONTROVERSY: FDR, Executive Order #6591, Feb. 9, 1934; Lipsner, Airmail, pp. 238–43, 245–50, 252–3; Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Coming of the New Deal (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1958), pp. 448–54; A. G. Patterson to CAL, Dec. 8, 1933; CAL to Hugo Black, Jan. 11, 1934; Grace Robinson, “The Rentschlers Fly the Dollar,” p. 33, “Are the Rentschler Boys Good?” p. 31, “Capitalism at its Damndest,” n.p., New York Daily News, Jan. 19, 1934; Richard Robbins to Postmaster General Farley;AOV, pp. 140–2; AML, fragment, n.d. with CAL emendations; CAL to FDR (T), Feb. 11, 1934; “Cracking Down on the Colonel,” Washington Star, Feb. 13, 1934; “Roosevelt Rebukes Lindy,” Herald and Examiner, Feb. 13, 1934, n.p.; CAL to W. R. Hearst, Feb. 21, 1934; the “plain citizen” who wired in CAL’s behalf was Maurice Goodman to Stephen Early (T), Feb. 13, 1934; Will Rogers, “Will Is Stumped by Air Mail Cleanup Order,” Kansas City Star, Feb. 12, 1934, n.p., which is also referred to in Owen Lovejoy to CAL, Feb. 26, 1934; James A. Farley to CAL (T), Feb. 13, 1934; AML to ERMM, Feb. 11, 1934, LROD, pp. 188–90; R. W. Robbins to “All T & WA Personnel,” (M), Feb. 18, 1934; Secretary George Dern to CAL (T), Mar. 13 and 15, 1934; CAL to George Dern (T), Mar. 14 and 15, 1934; George Durno, “Lindy,” (Philadelphia) Evening Public Ledger, Oct. 2, 1934, n.p.; “L Testifies,” New York American, Mar. 19, 1934, n.p., “L Testifies,” Washington Star, Mar. 18, 1934, n.p.; CAL (U-N), Mar. 1934; Carl L. Ristine to CAL, Mar. 16, 1934; HB (M), c. Mar. 16, 1934; CAL, “Statement,” to Carl Ristine, Mar. 16, 1934; CAL to Carl Ristine (T), Apr. 7, 1934; Montague (of Paramount News) to CAL (T), Feb. 13, 1934; Ralph Renaud (of Washington Post) to CAL (T), Feb. 12, 1934; Charles Ford (of Universal Newsreel) to CAL (T), Feb. 12, 1934; John Royal (of NBC) to CAL, Feb. 12, 1934; Paul White (of CBS) to CAL (T), Mar. 15, 1934; “The Weight of Evidence,” NYT, Mar. 19, 1934, n.p.; Hamilton Fish, remarks, Congressional Record, Feb. 21, 1934, pp. 3108–10; Walter Lippmann, “The Air-Mail Fiasco,” New York Herald Tribune, Mar. 20, 1934; “Mr. Farley Hoists the White Flag,” Philadelphia Inquirer, Apr. 17, 1934, n.p.; “The Sore Spot,” U. S. Air Services, Apr., 1934, n.p.; Henry Suydam, “Critics Show Roosevelt Is Only Human,” n.s., Feb. 26, 1934, n.p.
SUMMER, 1934; CLOSING IN ON HAUPTMANN: AML to ELLL, Apr. 26, July 11, 1934; LROD, pp. 192–202; AML to ERMM, June 7, July 11 and 29, Aug. 23 and 28, Sept. 1, 1934; FRDT; ERMM to AML, Sept. 4, 1934; AML to ECM, Sept. 19, 1934; AML to CAL, quoted in Kennedy, Airman, p. 13, and verified by AML to ASB (I), Feb. 28, 1990; L Case Archives and “L Kidnapping—A State Police Review With Annexes,” NJ State Police Headquarters, Mar. 15, 1980; Arthur Koehler, “Technique Used in Tracing the L. Kidnaping Ladder,” American Journal of Police Science, incorporated in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, vol. 27, no. 5, 1937, pp. 712–24; W. O. Woods, Treasurer of the U. S. to “President of the Banking Institution Addressed,” Apr. 14, 1933; Treasury Dept. (M) re L bills, ca. Aug. 16, 1932 [MHS: B24/F1]; FBI File, NY 62– 3057, “Chronology,” pp. 26–43; L. C. Haag, “L Case Revisited,” Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol. 28, no. 4, Oct., 1983, pp. 1044–8.
HAUPTMANN’S ARREST: H. C. Leslie, Special Agent, (M) for File, Oct. 6, 1934; W. F. Seery, “Bruno Richard Hauptmann,” report for U. S. Bureau of Investigation, Sept. 26, 1934; Special Agent Thomas H. Sisk, trial testimony, Jan. 17, 1935; Fisher, L Case, p. 195, 212, 249; Sgt. A. H. Albrecht, “Investigation of Bruno Richard Hauptmann’s employment record at the Majestic Hotel,” Sept. 20, 1934; B. R. Hauptmann interrogation, transcript, L Case Archives, NJ State Police; Anna S. Hauptmann, “Statement,” Apr. 20, 1935; L. G. Turrou (M) re “Unknown Suspects,” Sept. 21, 1934; Kennedy, Airman, p. 195, 240; Lewis J. Bornmann, “Searching Apartment and garage of … Hauptmann,” Sept. 26, 1934; Anna S. Hauptmann to ASB (I), June 11, 1990; n.t., NYT, Oct. 9 and 10, 1934, n.p.; Tamm of FBI to J. Edgar Hoover, Jan. 22, 1936.
LIFE AT NEXT DAY HILL; PREPARING FOR TRIAL: Harold Nicolson to Vita Sackville-West, Sept. 30, Oct. 2, 4, 6, 13, 14, 15, Nov. 7, 8, 14, 1934; Nigel Nicolson, ed., Vita and Harold (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1992), pp. 255, 259; Mina Curtiss comment related by CMM to ASB (I), Mar. 3, 1993; AML (D), Oct. 13, Nov. 15, Dec. 3–5,. 11, 29 1934; LROD, pp. 209, 216, 223–4, 226, 232; ECM (D), Dec. 3, 1934; Margot Wilkie to ASB (I), Apr. 26, 1993; “L Asks Permission,” New York Evening Journal, Dec. 31, 1934, p. 4; “Life in Flemington Is Transformed,” p. 12, “Hauptmann Trial Will Start Today,” pp. 1, 12, “Hauptman Spends Day on Cot,” p. 12, NYT, Jan. 2, 1935; Lt. Allen L. Smith (of NJ State Police), report, Jan. 1, 1935.
Mina Curtiss came to admire CAL. In “Charles L: A Personal Portrait,” (U), c. 1941 [Sophia Smith Collection], she wrote of the penetrating quality of his mind. “He’s like a radium beam,” Mrs. Curtiss told AML. Years later she concluded that he was “a man of honor and integrity, a scientist of great distinction … [a man who] has by an accident of fate been placed in a position where it is impossible for more than a few people ever to know him as a simple human being.”
12 CIRCUS MAXIMUS
E: DAVIS, Aug. 13, 1969.
TRIAL COMMENCES; L TESTIFIES: “State [of New Jersey] vs. Hauptmann,” transcript, Jan. 2–Feb. 13, 1935 [a satisfactory redaction of which exists in The Trial of Bruno Richard Hauptmann (Birmingham, AL: The Notable Trials Library, Division of Gryphon Editions, Inc., 1989)]; Russell B. Porter, “Hauptmann Trial Will Start Today,” pp. 1, 12, “Life in Flemington Is Transformed,” “Highlights of Trial Will Be Broadcast,” “Huge Wire Service Set Up For Trial,” Porter, “55 Witnesses Go To Jersey Today,” p. 12, NYT, Jan. 2, 1935; “10 Hauptmann Case Jurors Quickly Chosen,” pp. 1, 3, “Foreman of Jury 25 Years in Same Job,” pp. 1, 4, “Stopping of Clock Prolongs First Session,” p. 4, Kathleen Norris, “Novelist Sketches the Trial Scene,” p. 4, “First Day’s Speed Pleases Defense,” p. 5, NYT, Jan. 3; “Extra Jobs at Trial End Flemington Depression,” p. 4, “Bookkeeper 55, Carpenter 60, Fill Jury,” p. 5, Porter, “Col. and Mrs. L on Stand,” pp. 1, 3, “Inside Job Says Reilly,” pp. 1, 6, “Court Room Walls Lined By Standees,” p. 7,NYT, Jan. 4, 1935; “Photographing of Ls Stirs Court,” “Church Lunch Served to Many at the Trial,” p. 8, “Youthful Crowd Waits at Court,” p. 8, “L Stops Carrying Revolver,” p. 8, Porter, “Col. L Names Hauptmann,” pp. 1, 8, “Condon Defense Target,” pp. 1, 8,NYT, Jan. 5; “Reilly Declares He Will Name Four,” Jan. 6, p. 26, NYT, L. D. Lyman, “Col. L Wants Trial to be Scrupulously Fair,” pp. 1, 7, NYT, Jan. 7, 1935; Neil Gabler, Winchell (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994), pp. 208–13; Lee Israel, Kilgallen (New York: Dell, 1979), p. 51; Milton, Loss of Eden, p. 301; Whipple, L Crime, p. 317; Robert Wilentz to ASB (I), Oct. 20, 1993; David Davidson, “The Story of the Century,” American Heritage, Feb., 1976, pp. 23–4; CAL (U-M), Dec. 28, 1934; Charles Katz, “Only Confession Can Convict Hauptmann?” (Bridgeport) Herald, Jan. 20, 1935, n.p.; ECM (D), Jan. 3, 1935; HB is quoted by Oren Root to ASB (I), Apr. 10, 1994; AML to ELLL, Jan. 9–10, 1935; LROD, p. 235.
PROSECUTION CONTINUES: “State vs. Hauptmann,” transcript; Betty Gow to CAL (T), Dec. 13 and 16, 1934; Betty Gow to ASB (I), Sept. 25, 1993; AML to ELLL, Jan. 9–10, 1935; LROD, pp. xxii–xxv, 226, 237–8, 240–2; L. D. Lyman, “Col. L Wants Trial to Be Scrupulously Fair,” pp. 1, 4, Russell B. Porter, “Miss Gow on Stand for State Today,” pp. 1, 4, “60,000 See Scenes of L Case,” p. 4, “Hauptmann Uneasy, Jail Guards Report,” p. 4, NYT, Jan. 7, 1935; Kathleen Norris, “Betty Gow’s Poise Praised By Writer,” pp. 1, 8, “Miss Gow Firm in Her Story,” pp. 1, 11, “Miss Gow Is Overcome After Leaving the Stand,” pp. 11, NYT, Jan. 8, 1935; “Hauptmann Is Treated for a Cold in Chest,” p. 1, Porter, “Hauptmann Near the Scene With Ladder, Says Witness,” pp. 1, 10, “Hochmuth Story Surprises Family,” p. 11, NYT, Jan. 9, 1935; Porter, “Condon Names Hauptmann,” pp. 1, 11, “Prosecution Pleased By Condon Testimony,” p. 1, NYT, Jan. 10, 1935; “Condon Gave Ransom to Fisch, Reilly Says,” p. 1, Porter, “Breckinridge Backs Condon,” pp. 1, 10, NYT, Jan. 11, 1935; Porter, “Hauptmann Asks to Go On the Stand,” pp. 1, 30, “Jurors Get Bus Ride,” p. 30, NYT, Jan. 13, 1935; “Jurors Play Cards and Chat in Rooms,” p. 6, Porter, “Week’s Fight Due Over Handwriting in Hauptmann Case,”NYT, Jan. 14, 1935; Porter, “Woman Swears She Saw Hauptmann Watch Condon,” pp. 1, 15, “Two Handwriting Experts Quit the Defense,” p. 1, NYT, Jan. 15, 1935; Porter, “Two More Experts Name Hauptmann,” pp. 1, 10, NYT, Jan. 16, 1935; “Defense in a Rift in Reilly Methods,” p. 15, “‘You Stop Lying,’ Hauptmann Rages,” pp. 1, 12, NYT, Jan. 18, 1935; Porter, “Woman Says Hauptmann Limped,” pp. 1, 7, “Everybody Against Us,” p. 7, NYT, Jan. 19, 1935; Lyman, “L Ready To Testify Again,” pp. 1, 4, Jan. 20, 1935; “87 Have Testified,” p. 12, NYT, Jan. 24, 1935; Lyman, “Koehler Tells of 18-Month Hunt,” pp. 1, 13, Porter, “Expert Traces Tool Marks,” pp. 1, 13, “Trial ‘Booked Up’ Weeks in Advance,” p. 13, NYT, Jan. 24, 1935; “Judge and L Made Late By Storm,” p. 16, Ford Madox Ford, “Tribute to Judge Paid By Novelist,” p. 18, NYT, Jan. 25, 1935; J. Vreeland Haring, The Hand of Hauptmann (Plainfield, NJ: Hamer Publishing Co., 1936), pp. 197–310; AML (D), Jan. 12, 20, and 23, 1935; Lt. Allen Smith, “Guard Detail M,” Jan. 16, 1935 [cited in Fisher, L Case, p. 313].
DEFENSE; HAUPTMANN TESTIFIES: “State vs. Hauptmann,” transcript; Porter, “Hauptmann Takes Stand,” pp. 1, 17, “A Thrilling Trial,” p. 20, “L Is Wilentz Guest at Trenton,” p. 18, NYT, Jan. 25, 1935; Porter, “Admissions By Hauptmann Open Cross-Examination,” pp. 1, 9, “Mention of Word ‘Baby’ Mars Hauptmann’s Calm,” p. 9, Kathleen Norris, “Mrs. Norris Finds Prisoner ‘Pitiful,’” p. 9, Alexander Woollcott, “Hauptmann Story Shed No Light,” p. 9, NYT, Jan. 26, 1935; Edna Ferber, “Miss Ferber Views Vultures At Trial,” p. 4, Lyman, “L Is Sure of Voice He Heard,” p. 4, Craig Thompson, “Air-Hero Complex Laid to Hauptmann,” p. 4, NYT, Jan. 28, 1935; “Hauptmann Admits Lying And Says Wilentz Lies Too,” pp. 1, 4, “Defense to Cite Laughter in Courtroom,” p. 1, NYT, Jan. 29, 1935; Porter, “Hauptmann’s Own Letters Discredit Story of Fisch,” pp. 1, 12, Craig Thompson, “Hauptmann Is Calm After Ordeal,” pp. 1, 12, “‘Good Witness,’ Counsel for Both Sides Agree,” p. 12, Norris, “Marvels At Faith of Mrs. Hauptmann,” p. 12, NYT, Jan. 30, 1935; “On Stand For 17 1/2 Hours,” p. 13, Thompson, “Harried Housewife Tired, Puzzled,” pp. 1, 13, Fannie Hurst, “Loyalty of Wife Impresses Writer,” p. 13, NYT, Jan. 31, 1935; Porter, “Witness Says He Saw Fisch With Sharpe Girl and Baby,” pp. 1, 7, “Trial Again Takes a Recess for Week-End,” p. 7, “Wilentz Demands Suppression of Newsreels,” pp. 1, 7, NYT, Feb. 2, 1935; Porter, “L To Take Stand in Rebuttal,” pp. 1, 26, NYT, Feb. 3, 1935; Porter, “5 Alibi Witnesses Fail to Appear for Defense,” pp. 1, 15, NYT, Feb. 5, 1935; Porter, “Café Man Swears Fisch Was at Bronx Cemetery,” pp. 1, 12, NYT, Feb. 6, 1935; Porter, “Mrs. Morrow Last Witness,” pp. 1, 29, NYT, Feb. 10, 1935; Jack Benny quoted in Fisher, L Case, p. 327; Whipple, L Crime, pp. 306–7, 317–8, 320–1; an additional verse of the “schnitzelbank song” appears in Kennedy, Airman, p. 258; the State’s psychiatrist wrote a book, Dr. Dudley D. Shoenfeld, The Crime and the Criminal—a Psychiatric Study of the L Case(New York: Covici-Freide, 1936); Hauptmann to Fisher, quoted in Waller, Kidnap, p. 449; AML (D), Feb. 9, 1935; LROD, pp. 246–8.
Ludovic Kennedy, for one, subscribed to the rumor that Jafsie’s address and telephone number written inside his closet was the handiwork of Daily News reporter Tom Cassidy (Kennedy, Airman, pp. 204–7).
TRIAL CONCLUDES, TAKING ITS TOLL: ECM (D), Feb. 11, 1935; AML (D), Feb. 11 and 13, 1935; LROD, p. 249; Porter, “Reilly Accuses Servants, Charges Police Frame-Up In Hauptmann’s Final Plea to Jury,” pp. 1, 17, Thompson, “Reilly Bangs Fist, Shakes Finger At Jury,” pp. 1, 16, NYT, Feb. 12, 1935; Porter, “‘No Mercy,’ Wilentz Plea,” pp. 1, 15, NYT, Feb. 13, 1935; Ford, “Trial Is Likened to a Bullfight,” p. 11, Porter, “Hauptmann Guilty, Sentenced to Death,” pp. 1, 12, “Jury Courageous, Wilentz Declares,” pp. 1, 11, Thompson, “Hauptmann in Cell, Falls in Collapse,” pp. 1, 12, “Jury in Thaw Case Was Out 25 Hours,” p. 11, “L Not At Home,” p. 11, “6000 Jam Street to Cheer Verdict,” p. 11, “Bell at Court House Announces Verdict,” p. 11, NYT, Feb. 14, 1935; “After the Verdict,” p. 18, “CCC Juryman Last to Vote for Death, p. 6, NYT, Feb. 15, 1935; Whipple, L Crime, pp. 329–32; Harold Nicolson to Vita Sackville-West, Feb. 13 and 14, 1935; Nicolson, Vita and Harold, pp. 270–2; juror Ethel Stockton quoted on dustjacket of Fisher, L Case; AOV, p. 142; Anna Hauptmann to ASB (I), June 11, 1990; Alan Dershowitz, “Introduction,” The Trial (Notable Trials Edition), p. v.
CAL, AML RESUME LIVES: AML (D), Feb. 14, Apr. 30, July 16, 22, 26, 29, and 30, Aug. 25, 29, and 30, Sept. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 17, 1935; AML to ECM, Feb. 21–3, 1935; LROD, pp. 249, 252–4, 268–71, 285–8, 290–5, 299, 301–6, 309–13; Alfred Harcourt to AML, May 15, 1935; Mina Curtiss to AML, Sept. 2, 1935; Virginia Woolf to AML, Oct. 6, 1935; Alfred Harcourt to CAL, Aug. 19, 1935; Harcourt, Brace and Co., press release, Dec. 12, 1935; AC and CAL, The Culture of Organs (New York: Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., 1938), pp. 6–15, 212, 220–21; AC and CAL, “The Culture of Whole Organs,” Science, June 21, 1935, pp. 621–3; Peyton Rous to CAL, July 22, 1935; “Carrel’s Man,” Time, Sept. 16, 1935, pp. 40–3; Ernest Lundeen, “L the Scientist,” Congressional Record, Aug. 2, 1935, pp. 12851–2 [quoting William Laurence in Today, Aug. 3, 1935, pp. 5, 20]; Alice Payne Hackett, Fifty Years of Best-Sellers: 1895– 1945 (New York: R. R. Bowker Co., 1945), pp. 71–4; AOV, p. 142; ECM (D), July 4, 1935.
DEATH OF WILL ROGERS: notification came via Phelan to S. Banks [c/o ECM] (T), ca. Aug. 16, 1935; AML (D), Aug. 16, 1935; LROD, p. 297; CAL to Mr. Croy, Oct. 11, 1952; CAL to Henry Greist (draft of T), Aug. 16, 1935; Bill Rogers to CAL (T), Aug. 19, 1935.
REPERCUSSIONS OF TRIAL; CAL PREPARES TO LEAVE U.S.: Eleanor Roosevelt quoted Fisher, L Case, p. 380 [quoting NYT, Feb. 23, 1935, p. 1]; William M. Marston, “A Famous Psychologist Analyzes the Twisted Brains,” The Denver Post, Mar. 3, 1935, n.p.; Anon, [from Port Chester, NY] to CAL, Feb. 18, 1935 [MHS]; Anon. to CAL, Feb. 14, 1935 [MHS]; Anon. to “Lindy,” Feb. 15, 1935 [MHS]; AOV, pp. 142–4; CAL to ELLL, Dec. 18, 1935; AML (D), Dec. 7, 21, and 22, 1935; LROD, pp. 331–3; Lyman, “L Family Sails For England To Seek a Safe, Secluded Residence,” NYT, Dec. 23, 1935, pp. 1, 3; AC to Dr. Moynihan, Dec. 16, 1935; ECM (D), Dec. 15, 20, 21, 1935; Meyer Berger, The Story of the New York Times (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1951), pp. 414–9; Monte Millar to AML, Dec. 25, 1935; “L,” U.S. Air Service, May, 1953, p. 22.
13 RISING TIDES
E: AOV, pp. 151–2.
CROSSING; SETTLING IN ENGLAND: AML (D), Jan. 28, 29, and 31, Feb. 20, 1936; LROD, pp. 335–6; CAL to HB, Apr. 2, May 14, 1936; HG to CAL, Feb. 11, Apr. 17, and May 18, 1936; Clara H. Clark to CAL and AML, Jan. 28, 1936; HB to CAL, Jan. 3, 1936; ELLL to CAL and AML, Jan. 1, 1936; L. D. Lyman to CAL, Jan. 2, 1936; CAL to Harry Davison, Jan. 2, 1936; AML to ECM, Dec. 5, 1935–Jan., 1936, Mar. 17, 1936; AML to ELLL, Jan. 10 and Feb. 23, 1936; FN, pp. 3–4, 12–5, 20–3, 29–31, 335; Archduke Joseph Francis to CAL, Jan. 6, 1936; R. Brutnell (on behalf of Lord Sempill) to CAL, Jan. 8, 1936; Mrs. John Downie to CAL, Mar. 1, 1936; Nicolson, Vita and Harold, p. 50; CAL to Dr. J. C. Merriam, Jan. 22 and Apr. 15, 1936; CAL to H. N. Schwarzkopf, Jan. 27, 1937; Harold Nicolson to AML, Mar. 8, 1936; Vita Sackville-West to AML, Feb. 24 and Mar. 4, 1936; CAL secretary to Nicolsons’ solicitor, “Dear Sir,” Apr. 7, 1936; AML to CMM, Mar. 23, 1936; CAL to ELLL, June 11, 1936; AOV, pp. 18, 145; CAL to HG, May 1, 1936; Lehman, High Man, pp. 231, 234–5; CAL, “The Rocket Offers Freedom From the Air,” Astronautics Journal, July, 1937, p. 8; RHG to CAL, Sept. 11 and Oct. 8, 1937; Dr. Richard Bing, “Autobiography,” (U), pp. 37–43; Carrel,Man, Unknown, pp. 220, 291, 299; James Newton, Uncommon Friends (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1987), pp. 132, 136–7; Carrel, (U-M), ca. 1936 [Y:7/178]; CAL to AC, Jan. 1, 6, and 9, Mar. 7, June 3, 14, and 23, July 21, 23, 24, 1937; C. M. Wenyon to CAL, Mar. 25, 1936; John Merriam to CAL, Apr. 3, 1936; CAL to Dr. Theodore Malinin, Jan. 24, 1971.
HAUPTMANN EXECUTION: Gov. H. Hoffman to H. Norman Schwarzkopf, Jan. 26, 1936; Kennedy, Airman, p. 378, 400; “Hauptmann Gets a Stay,” NYT, Apr. 1, 1936, pp. 1, 2; “The Shame of N. J.,” The Boston Herald, Apr. 2, 1936, p. 16; Hauptmann ‘Torture” Assailed By Maurois,” NYT, Apr. 2, 1936, p. 2; Russell B. Porter, “Hauptmann Put to Death,” NYT, Apr. 4, 1936, pp. 1, 2; Harry Flory (United Press) to CAL (T), Mar. 31, 1936; CAL to HB, Apr. 16, 1936; “Hoffman to Oust Col. Schwartzkopf,” NYT, June 2, 1936, n.p.; CAL to Dr. A. Flexner, Nov. 16, 1936.
CAL AND AML’S LIFE IN ENGLAND: Wogan Philipps (writing of Churchill) to CAL, Dec. 22, [prob.] 1936; H. Nicolson to CAL, Apr. 4, 1936; CAL to H. Nicolson, Apr. 9, 1936; AML (D), Jan. 10, Apr. 23–6, May 12, 15, and 27, 1936; FN, pp. 4, 35, 38–40, 42–6, 48–9, 51–5; “King’s Derby Night Party,” (London) Times, n.d., p. 16; CAL to ELLL, May 29, June 11 and 15, 1936; AML to CMM, Mar. 23, 1936; CAL to Guy Vaughan, June 29, 1936; CAL to Juan Trippe, Aug. 20 and Oct. 28, 1936, Jan. 12, 1937; CAL to André Priester, Apr. 15 and Dec. 3, 1936; Guy Vaughan to CAL (T), June 26, 1936; “Airline Seeks 100–Passenger Ocean Planes,” Washington Post, Dec. 11, 1937, n.p.; CAL, “Intelligence Report” (fragment), n.d.; CAL to Clare Bunch, Aug. 20, 1936; F. G. Miles to CAL, July 8, 1936; CAL to HG, June 18, 1936; CAL to AC, June 12, 1936; CAL (M), May 2, 1936; CAL to HB, June 30, 1936; CAL to Dr. Raymond C. Parker, July 4, 1936.
FIRST VISIT TO GERMANY: Truman Smith (ed. by Robert Hessen), Berlin Alert (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1984), pp. 80, 82, 86–8, 92–105; Alfred Price, Pictorial History of the Luftwaffe: 1933–1945 (New York: Arco Publishing Co., 1969), p. 11, Katharine (Mrs. Truman) Smith to ASB (I), May 18, 1990; Truman Smith to CAL, May 25 and July 2, 1936; CAL to ELLL, June 15, 1936; CAL to Truman Smith, June 5 and Sept. 16, 1936, May 31, 1955; CAL to HB, May 15 and Sept. 23, 1936; AML (D), July 22, 23, and 28, 1936; FN, pp. 70–7, 85–6; CAL to Harry Davison, Jan. 23, 1937; DAVIS, Aug. 20, 1969; CAL, “Revolutionary Changes Wrought By Aviation” (speech), July 23, 1936; CAL to Jim Smith, Sept. 13, 1953; “New Colonel,” The Literary Digest, Aug. 1, 1936, p. 16; “Airman to Earthman,” Time, Aug. 3, 1936, pp. 15–6; Dorothy Thompson, “As the Twig Is Bent,” Herald Tribune, July 28, 1936, n.p.; (Roger Straus via) HB to CAL (T), July 20, 1936; William Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1960), p. 233; HG to CAL, Aug. 1, 1936; AOV, p. 146.
COPENHAGEN; REACTIONS TO GERMAN TRIP: “L Adds to Fame as Scientist,” The Literary Digest, Aug. 22, 1936, pp. 16–7; CAL, (U-M), Aug. 8, 1936; CAL to AC, July 27, 1936; CAL to Truman Smith, Aug. 6, 1936; CAL to ELLL, Oct. 16, 1936; Bing, “Autobiography,” (U), pp. 40–3; Dr. Richard Bing to ASB (I), Feb. 17, 1994 and Apr. 22, 1998; CAL to HG, Sept. 15, 1936; CAL to Harry Davison, Jan. 27, 1937; CAL to Hermann Goering, Aug. 20, 1936; Helen Wolff to AML, Feb. 8, 1974; AML to ECM, Aug. 5, 1936; FN, pp. 87–9; Toynbee quoted in FN, p. xv; Thomas Jones, A Diary with Letters: 1931–50 (London: Oxford University Press, 1954), p. 181; Shirer, Rise and Fall, p. 232; CAL to HB, Sept. 23, 1936; CAL to Maj. Theodore Koenig, Sept. 25, 1936; Truman Smith to CAL, Aug. 12 and Sept. 5, 1936; Smith, Berlin Alert, pp. 104–5.
WANDERLUST; IRELAND TO INDIA: CAL to ELLL, Dec. 1 and 17, 1936, Jan. 15, 1937; Karl Bickel (United Press) to CAL (T), Nov. 25, 1936; AML (D), Christmas, 1936; FN, pp. 100–1, 126–32; AOV, pp. 148–51; AML to ECM, Feb. 21 and Mar. 8, 1937; CAL, (U-AW) [Y: 218/626]; “Still Modest,” NYT, n.d., n.p.
RETURN TO ENGLAND; BIRTH OF LML: CAL to ELLL, Nov. 15, 1936, Mar. 12, May 12 and 13, 1937; CAL to H. Norman Schwarzkopf, Jan. 27, 1937; AOV, p. 155; CAL to Harry Knight, Mar. 10, 1937; CAL to Truman Smith, Nov. 17, 1936; AML (D), May 20 and 22, 1937; FN, pp. 138–44, 146; AML to Mme. Carrel, May 16, 1937; AML to ELLL, May 14, 1937; CAL to ECM, May 27, 1937; ECM (D), May 13, 1937; A. J. Read (registrar of births and deaths) to CAL, June 22, 1937; AML to ECM, June 17, 1937; CAL to Thomas Lamont, May 12, 1937; “The Age of Air Transport,” NYT, May 20, 1937, n.p.; Ferdinand Kuhn, “L Ignores Today’s Tributes,” NYT, May 20, 1937, n.p.; “L Flight Celebrated By All Save ‘Lone Eagle,’” Christian Science Monitor, May 20, 1937, p. 1; CAL to Tiffany & Co., Ltd., May 25 and June 8, 1937.
RETURN TO GERMANY; VISIT TO AMERICA: William E. Dodd to CAL, Jan. 18, 1957; CAL to William E. Dodd, Mar. 11, 1937; CAL to ELLL, Dec. 20, 1936 and Sept. 20, 1937; Smith, Berlin Alert, pp. 109–20; CAL to Adolf Baeumker, Nov. 11, 1937; CAL to AC, Nov. 7 and 9, 1937; CAL to Amey Aldrich, Nov. 28, 1937; CAL to Adm. E. S. Land, Nov. 5, 1937; CAL to Earl N. Findley, Nov. 9, 1937; CAL to Jack Allard, Nov. 11, 1937; Julian E. Gillespie (Commercial Attaché, U. S. Dept. of Commerce) to CAL, Jan. 30, 1937; CAL to William Jovanovich, Dec. 18, 1969 [quoted in WJ, p. xiii]; CAL to Truman Smith, Dec. 2, 1937; CAL (D), Nov. 25, Dec. 5 and 10, 1937, Jan. 15 and 25, 1938; “Leave L Alone,” Rochester Times, Dec. 7, 1937, n.p.; Paul White (CBS) to CAL (T), Dec. 6, 1937; CAL to A. A. Schechter, Dec. 13, 1937; CAL to A. F. DuPont, Dec. 15, 1937; NYT to CAL (T), Dec. 5, 1937; CAL to Maj. Gen. F. R. McCoy, Jan. 31, 1938; CAL to Harry Davison, Oct. 28, 1937; Joseph P. Kennedy to FDR (M), n.d., attached to Gen. Malin Craig to Col. Watson, Feb. 11, 1938 [FDR papers]; Newton, Uncommon Friends, pp. 3, 84, 123, 151–7; Amey Aldrich to CAL, Sept. 25, 1937; CAL to Amey Aldrich, Sept. 16 and Oct. 1, 1937; Conger Goodyear to CAL, Jan. 30, 1938; AML (D), Feb. 20, 1938; FN, p. 186.
FAREWELL TO ENGLAND; ILLIEC: CAL, (D), Feb. 25, Mar. 11, 16, and 31, Apr. 2 and 5, May 23, June 1, July 3, 6, and 28, 1938; WJ, pp. 11–3, 39, 42; CAL to ELLL, July 4, Sept. 1, and Nov. 3, 1937; Côtes D’Armor (Paris: Editions Nouveaux-Loisirs, 1992), pp. 18–9, 367; AML to ELLL, July 8–9, 1937; CAL to AC, July 29, 1937, Apr. 9, 1938; “L Visits Carrel,” n.s., c. July 5, 1937; AOV, pp. 161–2, 364–7; CAL to Mme. Carrel, Mar. 31, 1938; AML (D), Apr. 8 and 30, May 1, 5, and 23, June 1, July 7 and 29, 1938; FN, pp. 206–9, 220–1, 224–8, 237–41, 247–53, 279, 289; Harold Nicolson, Diaries and Letters: 1930–1939 (New York: Atheneum, 1961), p. 343; Raymond Lee to Truman Smith, Oct. 10, 1938; Carrel, Man, Unknown, pp. 299–300; AC to CAL, Mar. 15, 1939; AOV, pp. 152, 373.
SHUTTLE DIPLOMACY: CAL (D), Aug. 2, Sept. 8, 9, 21, 26, 27, and 29, Oct. 3, 10, and 11, 1938; WJ, pp. 39, 44, 72, 75–88, 93–5; AOV, pp. 163–8, 172–8; Raymond Lee to CAL, June 9, 1938 attached to Philip Faymonville to Raymond Lee, May 27, 1938; CAL to ELLL, Sept. 4, 1938; CAL to J. P. Kennedy, Sept. 22, 1938, J. P. Kennedy to Secretary of State, Sept 22, 1938; CAL to Jean Monnet, Oct. 7, 1938; Felmy report to Goering quoted in David Irving, Göring (London: Macmillan, 1989), p. 228; AML (D), Sept. 26, 1938; FN, pp. 359–62, 379; DAVIS, Aug. 21, 1969; The Week, No. 284, Oct. 5, 1938, p. 4; P. Faymonville to R. Lee (T), Oct. 10, 1938.
BERLIN; NAZI MEDAL: CAL (D), Oct. 12, 18, Nov. 13, 1938; WJ, pp. 96–103, 115–6; AML (D), Oct. 18, 21, 22, 27, 29–30, Dec. 19, 1938, FN, p. 379–81, 411; Smith, Berlin Alert, pp. 127–35; DAVIS, Aug. 20, 1969; AOV, pp. 180–82; CAL to Truman Smith, May 9, 1938, and May 31, 1955; CAL to John T. Flynn, May 2, 1941; Hugh R. Wilson to CAL, Aug. 4, 1941; CAL to AC, Oct. 28 and Dec. 10, 1938; CAL to Jim Smith, Sept. 13, 1953; Cajus Bekker, The Luftwaffe Diaries (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1968), p. 376; CAL to H. Goering, Oct. 25, 1938; CAL to Gen. H. H. Arnold, Nov. 2, 1938; Gen. H. H. Arnold to CAL, Nov. 17, 1938; CAL to J. P. Kennedy, Nov. 9, 1938; AML to Kay (Mrs. Truman) Smith, Nov. 16, 1938; Shirer, Rise and Fall, pp. 430–2; Frederick L. Collins, “Why Did Hitler Give L a Medal,” Liberty, Dec. 17, 1938, pp. 6–8; NYT report of L wearing medal reported Oct. 20, 1938, and quoted by Congressman R. O. Woodruff in Congressional Record—House, May 31, 1940, p. 11117; “Talk of the Town: Notes and Comment,” The New Yorker, Nov. 26, 1938, n.p.; Aubrey Morgan to CAL, Christmas, 1938; AC to CAL, Nov. 18, 1938; Mary Scandrett to AML, Dec. 5, 1938.
L subsequently contributed the Service Cross of the German Eagle to the Missouri Historical Society, where it has occasionally been displayed as part of the collection of his awards.
MOVE TO PARIS; HEADING HOME: AOV, pp. 156, 182–7; CAL, (D), Nov. 22, Dec. 18 and 22, 1938, Jan. 16 and 17, Mar. 30, Apr. 1 and 2, 1939; WJ, pp. 118, 127, 131, 139–41, 169–70, 173; AML (D), Nov. 22, 1938; FN, pp. 396–7, 408–9; “‘L Line’ Slogan Is Dropped by T. W. A.,” NYT, Dec. 5, 1938, n.p.; AML to ECM, Dec. 11, 1938.
14 THE GREAT DEBATE
E: AOV, p. 61.
CAL RETURNS; BEGINS GOVT. WORK: Walter Winchell, “Reveal ‘Inside’ of Lindy’s Role in Munich Pact,” Daily Mirror, Jan. 2, 1939; R. Fredette to Philip Geyelin, Apr. 18, 1976; David E. Koskoff, Joseph P. Kennedy (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1974), p. 524; R. Fredette, “L and Munich: A Myth Revived,” The Bulletin [MHS], Apr., 1977, pp. 197–202; Arthur Krock, “In the Nation: The Invaluable Contribution of Col. L,” NYT, Feb. 1, 1939; CAL (D), Apr. 8–15, 17, 20, 21, June 10 and 12, 1939; WJ, pp. 175–89, 210, 212; William Jovanovich, “Introduction,” WJ, p. xviii; AOV, pp. 158–9, 190; Sol Bloom to CAL (radiogram), Apr. 9, 1939; Robert E. Gross to CAL (radiogram), Apr. 11, 1939; John Victory to CAL (radiogram), Apr. 13, 1939; Gen. H. H. Arnold (radiogram), Apr. 13, 1939; Newton, Uncommon Friends, pp. 175–6; ECM (D), Apr. 14, 1939; “Heroes,” Time, June 19, 1939, p. 21; Henry H. Arnold, Global Mission (New York: Harper, 1949), pp. 187–9; E. C. Desobry to CAL (M), Apr. 18, 1939; H. H. Arnold to CAL (M), Apr. 18, 1939; CAL to AC, Apr. 18, 1939; E. M. Watson to FDR (M), Apr. 17, 1939; FDR, The President’s Press Conferences, vol. XIII, pp. 313–9, Apr. 20, 1939; First Staff Squadron, Air Corps, “List of CAL Flights,” May 15, 1939; CAL to HG, May 27, 1939; Lehman, High Man, pp. 271–2; “Extract from Report of Subcommittee on Independent Offices,” House Appropriations Committee, Report #1515, 76th Congress, 3rd Session, Jan. 16, 1940.
AML RETURNS TO U.S.; CAL SPEAKS OUT: CAL to AML, Apr. 21, 1939; AML (D), Apr. 28, May 2, 28, and 30, Aug. 4–7 [Saint-Exupéry passages], Sept. 11, 12, 15, Oct. 28, 1939; WWW, pp. 3–5, 9–10, 20–35 [Saint-Exupéry passages], 52–3, 56–8, 63–6; ECM (D), May 27, 1939; CAL (D), May 30, June 1, Aug. 5–7, 23, Sept. 2, 7, 10, 14, 15, 26, and 27, Oct. 7, 11, 13, 16, 22, and 24, 1939; WJ, pp.205–6, 238–9, 245, 250, 252–8, 263–5, 271–6, 278-82; CAL to Anne Carrel, July 17 and Nov. 14, 1939; “Heroes: Press v. L,” Time, June 19, 1939, p. 20; Sue Beck Hatt to ASB (I), May 6, 1993; Margot L. (Morrow) Wilkie to ASB (I), Apr. 26, 1993; William Castle to CAL, Jan. 19, Apr. 12, and c. July, 1939; CAL, “Aviation, Geography, and Race,” Reader’s Digest, Nov. 1939, pp. 64–7; Carrel, Man, Unknown, pp. 212, 214; DeWitt Wallace to CAL, Sept. 27, 1939; CAL, “What Substitute for War?,” Atlantic Monthly, Mar., 1940, pp. 304–5; CAL, “America and European Wars,” speech, Sept. 15, 1939; AML to ELLL, Sept. 12 and 30, 1939; Kay Smith to ASB (I), May 18, 1990; Newton, Uncommon Friends, pp. 195, 212; James Newton to ASB (I), Feb. 28, 1990; Ward W. Keesecker to CAL, Sept. 16, 1939; H. H. Arnold to CAL, Sept. 18, 1939; Peter Kurth, American Cassandra: The Life of Dorothy Thompson (Boston: Little, Brown, 1990), pp. 312–3; Dorothy Thompson, “On the Record,” Sept. 20, 1939; CAL, Herald Tribune, “Neutrality and War,” speech, Oct. 13, 1939; CAL to AC, May 8, 1940; AML to Anne Carrel, Dec. 19, 1939; CAL to ELLL, Nov. 14, 1939.
Regarding the position as Secretary of Air: CAL later stated that General Arnold said that if he did not accept the offer, there would be no record of the conversation. (CAL to Murray Green, Feb. 15, 1971.)
“PHONY WAR”; FLORIDA TRIP; AML YEARNINGS: CAL (D), Oct. 21, 1939, May 15–23, 1940; WJ, pp. 278, 307–16, 348–50; James Newton to CAL, Jan. 9, 1940; CAL to ELLL, Feb. 6 and 22, Mar. 6, May 19, 1940; CAL (D) Jan. 21, 1940–Feb. 7, 1940;WWW, pp. 77–81, 89–94, 102–4, 129–31, 161–2; Newton, Uncommon Friends, pp. 196, 200–1, 219–26; AML to Mary Scandrett, Jan. 13, 1937; FN, pp. 107–8; AML to Mina Curtiss, May 27, 1939; AML to Ruth Oliff, Aug. 23, 1940; AML (D), Apr. 3 and 29, May 27, June 7 and 21, July 23, 1940, Jan. 1941; CAL, “The Air Defense of America,” speech, May 19, 1940; “The Small Minority Threatens U. S. Peace,” Social Justice, June 3, 1940; AML to ECM, June 5–7, 1940; AC to CAL, Sept. 12, 1939; AC to Dr. Scovel, Feb. 24, 1940; Stacy Schiff, Saint-Exupéry: A Biography (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994), pp. 150–2.
WAVE OF THE FUTURE; BIRTH OF ASL: AML (D), Aug. 16 and 26, Oct. 27, 1940; WWW, pp. 137, 141–5, 147–8; AML to ECM, Sept. 4, 1940; ECM (D), Sept. 6, 1940; ECM to AML, Sept. 6 and Dec. 3, 1940; CAL (D), June 21, Sept. 17 and 25, Oct. 2, Nov. 5, Dec. 10, 1940; WJ, pp. 360, 390, 392, 394–5, 414, 425; WF, pp. 18–9, 23–7, 33–4, 37; CMM to ASB (I), Mar. 3, 1993; AML to ASB (I), Feb. 27, 1990; Alfred Harcourt to CAL, Nov. 22, 1940; DeWitt Wallace to CAL, Sept. 27, 1940; W. H. Auden to AML, Oct. 21, 1940; E. B. White writes of WF in One Man’s Meat (New York: Harper Brothers, 1944), pp. 203–10; Dorothy Thompson, “An Open Letter to AML,” Look, Mar., 1941, n.p.; Ickes quoted in Wayne Cole, CAL and the Battle Against American Intervention in World War II (New York: Harcourt Braace Jovanovich, 1974), p. 130; CL to AML, ca. 1941 [Y:10/216]; ECM to William A. White, Dec. 2, 1940; AML, “Reaffirmation,” The Atlantic Monthly, June, 1941, pp. 681–6.
CAL’S PUBLIC ADDRESSES; AMERICA FIRST: CAL (D), June 5–15, 22, and 26, Aug. 3–4, Oct. 22, 24, and 30, 1940; WJ, pp. 353–8, 360, 362, 374–5, 409–11; CAL, “Our Relationship With Europe,” speech, Aug. 4, 1940; R. D. Stuart, Jr. to CAL, Aug. 5, 1940; Cole, CAL and Battle, pp. 106, 123–4, 128–9; “The Attack on L,” The Christian Century, Aug. 21, 1940, pp. 1022–3; H. Morgenthau, “Presidential Diaries,” May 20, 1940, p. 563 [FDR Library]; FDR to H. L. Stimson, May 21, 1940 [Y: Stimson Papers]; Ralph Ingersoll, “Denouncing CAL,” PM, Aug. 6, 1940, p. 1; Lippmann quoted in Ronald Steel, Walter Lippmann and the American Century (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1980), p. 375, calling CAL a “Nazi lover”; C. B. Allen, “L Today,” Scribner’s Commentator, Aug., 1940, pp. 11–2, 21–6; “L vs. Byrnes,” Chicago Daily Tribune, May 25, 1940, p. 10; Herman Klurfeld, Winchell: His Life and Times (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1976), p. 89; John S. Bugas to Director (J. Edgar Hoover), FBI file #65–11449–7, June 14, 1940; AML (D), Aug. 26, 1940; WWW, pp. 141; Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt & Hopkins (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1948), pp. 152–3; Anon. to CAL, c. Aug., 1940; Anon. to Col. Charles Lindburger Cheese, May 22, 1940; J. J. Breslin (Post Office Dept Inspector) to CAL, June 14, 1940; Paul Palmer, “America Speaks to CAL” (ms), Aug. 31, 1940; Norman Thomas to CAL, May 24, 1940; John Foster Dulles to CAL, May 20, 1940; Chester Bowles to CAL, May 24, 1940; F. L. Wright quoted in Palmer, “America Speaks”; Frank Lloyd Wright in his Autobiography (New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1943), p. 500, wrote that he wired L: “… now when everywhere is equivocation and cowardice, you not only think straight but you dare speak straight”; Daniel V. McNamee, Jr., Potter Stewart, R. Douglas Stuart, Jr., Wyndham Gary, Willard Brown, Sargent Shriver to CAL, Nov. 1, 1939; Eugene Locke, R. D. Stuart, Jr., Gerald Ford, Potter Stewart, “Dear____” (mimeographed form letter), n.d.; America First’s principles appear in Richard Moore, The Great Debate and Me: A Memoir for my Grandchildren (U), n.d.; Richard A. Moore to ASB (I), May 30, 1994; R. Douglas Stuart, Jr. to ASB (I), Mar. 26, 1994; CAL, “Impregnable America” (Yale speech), Oct. 30, 1940; K. R. McIntyre to Mr. Kramer, (M), FBI Serial #100–4712–140X.
The name “Committee to Defend America First” was meant to mimic William Allen White’s organization, “Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies.” Another early recruit to the organization was Peter Dominick, who would become a United States Senator from Colorado.
LEND-LEASE TESTIMONY; RETURN TO FLORIDA: Hamilton Fish to CAL (T), Jan. 14, 1941; CAL (D), Jan. 23, Feb. 5, 6, and 13, Mar. 5–27, 1941; WJ, pp. 442–3, 446–8, 450, 455–71; CAL, “Statement: Lend-Lease Bill,” H.R. 1776 (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Govt. Printing Office, 1941), p. 3; “Lend-Lease Bill,” Congressional Record, Jan. 23, 1941, pp. 373, 379, 412, 420, 435; “Promote Defense of the U. S.,” hearings on S275, Congressional Record, Feb. 6, 1941, pp. 490, 512, 522, 525; Jacob J. Leibson to CAL, Feb. 10, 1941; Cornelius Vanderbilt, Jr. to CAL (T), n.d.; “L and the Like,” The Richmond News Leader, Jan. 28, 1941, p. 10; James Newton to CAL, Feb. 14, 1941; CAL to ELLL, Feb. 19 and Mar. 6, 1941; WWW, pp. 167–9; Newton, Uncommon Friends, p. 238.
AMERICA FIRST SPEECHES: CAL, “Chicago Speech,” April 17, 1941; CAL (D), Apr. 17–8, 23, 25–7, May 3, 10, 23, 28, and 29, June 18 and 20, July 27, Aug. 9, 26–9, 1941; WJ, pp. 474–82, 484–6, 492–4, 496–8, 503–5, 522, 524–5, 529–32; Cole, CAL and Battle, pp. 123, 130, 147–9; CAL, “Manhattan Center Speech,” Apr. 23, 1941; AML (D), May 9 and 23, June 18 and 20, 1941; WWW, pp. 177–8, 186–92, 196–9; L. M. Birkhead to CAL, Mar. 11, 1941; n.t., PM, Apr. 24, 1941, n.p.; “Ickes Charges Hitler’s Helpers Undermine U. S.,” Chicago Tribune, Apr. 14, 1941, p. 11; FDR Presidential Press Conference #738, Apr. 25, 1941 [FDR Library: vol. :17:2925]; CAL to Secy. H. L. Stimson, Apr. 28, 1941; CAL to FDR, original and final draft, Apr. 28, 1941; ECM (D), Apr. 29, 1941; R. D. Stuart, Jr. to CAL (T), ca. Apr. 28, June 30, July 14, 1941; John and Adelaide Marquand to CAL (T), Apr. 29, 1941; Robert McCormick to CAL, Apr. 28, 1941; CAL, final drafts of speeches, Mar. 3, 10, 23, and May 29, June 20, July 1, Aug. 9, 1941; Friends of Democracy flyer, n.d.; McIntyre, FBI (M), Sept. 12, 1941; Norman Thomas (with Bertram Wolfe), Keep America Out of War (New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1939), p. 19; n.t., Time, June 2, 1941, p. 15; n.t., Life, June 9, 1941, p. 56; CAL to Truman Smith, Mar. 6, 1941; James E. West to CAL, June 20, 1941; Maj. A. C. Wedemeyer to CAL, May 2, 1941; Franklin Alter, Jr. to Editor (Dayton) Journal-Herald, May 18, 1941; “In the News,” Washington News Letter, May 21, 1941, p. 3; Clare Swisher, “It’s A Great Life,” press release re Buffalo, Aug. 19, 1940; “Lindy Ousted as Honorary Member of Memorial Unit,” n.s., n.d.; “The Dissenters,” Life, May 5, 1941, p. 28; CAL to R. D. Stuart, Jr., June 21, 1941; CAL to W. R. Hearst, Feb. 27 and July 2, 1941.
An oratorical note: CAL pronounced the word “Nazi” as though it rhymed with “jazzy.”
CAL VS. FDR AND ICKES; ANTI-CAL SENTIMENT BUILDS: Harold Ickes, “France Forever,” speech, July 14, 1941; CAL (D), July 16, 1941; WJ, pp. 518; CAL to FDR, July 16, 1941; Stephen Early to CAL, July 19, 1941; Harold Ickes, “Ickes Asserts L Errs In Story of Nazi Decoration,” Washington Star, July 25, 1941, p. A-2 and “Ickes Rejects Apology Demanded by L,” n.s., July 24, 1941, sent by John Wheeler (North American Newspaper Alliance) to CAL, July 25, 1941; “A Reprimand for Mr. Ickes,”Liberty, Aug. 2, 1941, p. 9; R. E. Wood to CAL, Aug. 12, 1941; Billy Rose to CAL (T), July 18, 1941; Richard A. Moore to ASB (I), May 30, 1994; Harold Ickes, The Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes: 1939–1941, vol. III (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1954), p. 501.
MARTHA’S VINEYARD; DES MOINES SPEECH: AML to Kay Smith, July 16, 1941; CAL to Truman Smith, Aug. 1, 1941; CAL (D), Aug. 15, Sept. 11–3, 17, 18, Oct. 3, 6, 10, and 14, Nov. 1 and 30, Dec. 1, 1941; WJ, pp. 522, 527, 536–42, 544, 546–9, 552, 558–60; AML (D), July, Sept. 11, 13, 14, 1941; WWW, pp. 211–2, 220–5, 231; CAL to Wayne Cole, Feb. 17, 1972 and Mar. 19, 1973; CAL, drafts of Des Moines speech, Aug. 18 and Sept. 11, 1941; AML, “Suggestions—1st typed draft,” n.d.; AML to Sue Vaillant, Sept. 8, 1941; Newton, Uncommon Friends, p. 250; D. Meyer, “Today’s Guest Editorial,” Phoenix Gazette, Sept. 5, 1941, n.p.; AML to ECM, Sept. 27, 1941; Cole, CAL and Battle, pp. 174–5; Reinhold Niebuhr to John T. Flynn, Sept. 13, 1941 [University of Oregon, Eugene, OR: Flynn Papers]; “Assail L For Iowa Speech,” NYT, Sept. 13, 1941, p. 1; “L—The Most Dangerous Man in America,” Liberty, Oct. 18, 1941, n.p.; Rabbi Reichart quoted in Erich J. P. Sturm to CAL, Sept. 14, 1941; Sol Schwartz to CAL, Sept. 29, 1941; Norman Thomas to R. E. Wood, Sept. 17, 1941; Norman Thomas to CAL, Sept. 24, 1941; Francis E. McMahon, “L and the Jews,” Liberty, Jan. 3, 1942, n.p.; HG to Milton Lehman, Apr. 16, 1963; Winchell quoted in Klurfeld,Winchell, p. 90; CAL to Mayor H. W. Baals, Oct. 16, 1941; CAL to Katrina McCormick, Oct. 16, 1941; CAL to R. E. Wood (draft), c. Sept. [Y:39/1175] and Oct. 27, 1941; R. D. Stuart, Jr. to “All Chapter Chairmen,” Sept. 23, 1941; R. E. Wood to CAL, Sept. 22, 1941; CAL, final draft of speech, Oct. 3, 1941; Moore, “Autobiography,” pp. 39–40, 43–4; Richard Moore to ASB (I), May 30, 1994; Lyle Leverich to ASB, Nov. 3, 1990; CAL to Rev. John A. O’Brien, Dec. 1, 1941.
PEARL HARBOR: CAL, “What Do We Mean by Democracy and Freedom,” preliminary draft of speech, meant to be delivered Dec. 12, 1941; Thomas (and Wolfe), Keep America Out, pp. 156–7; CAL (D), Dec. 7 and 8, 1941; WJ, pp. 560–1; AML (D), Dec. 8, 1941; WWW, p. 239–42; CAL to R. D. Stuart, Jr., (T), Dec. 8, 1941.
15 CLIPPED WINGS
E: AOV, p. 195.
CAL ATTEMPTS TO JOIN WAR EFFORT: CMM to ASB (I), Mar. 3, 1993; CAL (D), June 22, Dec. 12, 16, 18, 20, and 30, 1941, Jan. 3, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 19, Feb. 1, 2, 10, 13, and 25, Mar. 12, 1942; WJ, pp. 506–7, 567–69, 576–7, 570, 572–4, 578–84, 587, 589–90, 593–5, 597, 602; R. D. Stuart, Jr., to “All Chapter Chairmen,” Dec. 8, 1941; CAL to Gen. H. H. Arnold, Dec. 20, 1941; Gen. H. H. Arnold to CAL, Dec. 23, 1941; “Mr. L volunteers,” NYT, Dec. 31, 1941, n.p.; Victor Reisel, “L Regrets White Race ‘Is Divided In This War,’” New York Post, Jan. 9, 1942; “L Deplored Split of White Race,” New York World-Telegram, Jan. 9, 1942; “Do You Want the Man Who Said These Things,” PM, Jan. 9, 1942; Harold Ickes to FDR, Dec. 30, 1941; Frank Knox to FDR (M), Jan. 1, 1942; FDR to Harold Ickes, Dec. 30, 1941; Henry L. Stimson to FDR, Jan. 13, 1942; “Lindy to Technical Army Job,” (Chicago?) American, Jan. 15, 1942; CAL to R. E. Wood, Dec. 26, 1941; FDR’s line about clipping wings cited in CAL, “Timeline,” Aug., 1957; CAL to Phil Love, Jan. 30, 1942 and Mar. 7, 1942; CAL to Jerry Land, Dec. 22, 1941; Phil Love to CAL, Jan. 28 and Feb. 22, 1942; CAL to Maj. Reuben Fleet, Mar. 14, 1942; R. Fleet to CAL, Mar. 21, 1942, Dec. 21, 1951, Aug. 24, 1957.
FORD MOTOR CO.: CAL (D), Mar. 16, 21, 23, 24, Apr. 1–3, 9, 10, 15, 1942; WJ, pp. 603, 607–8, 612–4, 621–3, 625; Allan Nevins and Frank Ernest Hill, Ford: Decline and Rebirth, 1933–1962 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1963), pp. 186–9, 198–9; AML (D), Mar. 12, Apr. 8, 1942; WWW, pp. 251–7; AML to CMM, Apr. 2, 1942; CAL to Father O’Brien, Oct. 29, 1942; I. A. Capizzi to Managing Editor of Michigan Daily, May, 19, 1942; CAL to I. A. Capizzi, May 27, 1942; “Have You Changed Your Mind?,”Liberty, July 25, 1942, pp. 20–1; Ernest V. Heyn (of Liberty) to CAL, attached to “Suggested Outline For Reply,” July 6, 1942; CAL to “Sirs” (Liberty), unsent letter, ca. July, 1942; Clinton Green (of International News Service) to CAL, Apr. 4, 1942; CAL to Clinton Green, June 15, 1942; John Walters (of Sunday Pictorial in London) to CAL (T), Jan. 28, 1942; Non-Sectarian Anti-Nazi League to CAL (T), Dec. 30, 1941; CAL to Marjory Douglas of MHS, Jan. 2, 1942; Marjory Douglas to CAL, June 6, 1942.
Henry Ford employed two other “former heroes” during the war, both at the Ford Rouge plant: Jesse Owens worked at a desk in the Employment division; and Jim Thorpe worked in the Plant Protection department (Ford Times, Apr. 2, 1943, pp. 1, 7).
LIFE IN DETROIT; BIRTH OF SML: CAL to James Newton, May 21, 1942; AML to CAL, June 13, 1942; WWW, pp. 269–70, 273–5, 277, 279–80, 282–5, 287–94, 306; CAL to AML, Apr. 14, June 4, 1942; CAL (D), May 22, 29, and 31, June 5, July 9, 21, 28, and 30, Aug. 1, 4, 11, Sept. 17–8, 1942; WJ, pp. 653, 658–9, 663, 674, 679, 683–5, 688–9, 694; AML (D), July 18, 21, and 28, Aug. 2, 4, 12, Nov. 28, 1942; CAL to Frank Ernest Hill, Nov. 13, Dec. 6, 1959; AML to ECM, Dec. 2, 1942; AML to CMM, Aug. 24, 1942; CAL to Donald Shelley (Director, Henry Ford Museum), Oct. 31, 1957; CAL (N) re trailer, Sept. 13, 1957; “Meet L’s Travel Trailer,” Trailering Guide, Jan., 1965, pp. 20–1; CAL to C. E. Sorenson, June 3, 1942, Jan. 2, 1943; CAL, “The Future of the Large Bomber” (submitted to C. E. Sorenson), Apr. 18, 1942; CAL to Dr. J. C. Hunsaker, Aug. 19, 1942; AOV, pp. 23–5; CAL to Henry Ford, July 30, 1942; CAL to Paul Palmer, July 6, 1942; CAL to Harry Bennett, Dec. 22, 1942; “L In the News,” The Roanoke (Va.)Times, Aug. 14, 1942, p. 6; Theodore Dreiser to Mrs. Hortense N. Dillon, Oct. 20, 1942; the story of Beatrice Kaufman and Adelaide Marquand is related in Stephen Birmingham, The Late John Marquand (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1972), pp. 159–60.
MAYO CLINIC; HIGH-ALTITUDE TESTS: CAL (D), Sept. 22–Oct. 3, 19, 21, 23, Nov. 2, 14, 1942; WJ, pp. 718–731, 734–5, 741, 746–7; D. B. Dill, “Walter M. Boothby, Pioneer in Aviation Medicine,” Science, Oct. 29, 1954, p. 688; AOV, pp. 24–5; CAL, “Training For the Recognition of Oxygen Emergencies in High-Altitude Flying,” Handbook of Respiratory Physiology, Sept., 1954, pp. v–vii; Walter M. Boothby, Kenneth G. Wilson, CAL, and Charles J. Clark, “M—Report to Army Air Forces Material Center,” Series A, No. 1, Oct. 3, 1942; Walter Boothby to CAL, May 20, 1952; CAL to Dr. Charles Mayo, Oct. 16, 1942; CAL to Dr. W. M. Boothby, Oct. 16, 1942; OFAL, pp. 3–10; CAL to E. E. Wilson, Nov. 25 and Dec. 4, 1942; E. E. Wilson to CAL, Nov. 27, 1942; “Army & Navy Report,” Time, Oct. 1, 1943, pp. 69–71; CAL, “Trips to Bridgeport & Hartford,” (M), n.d.; L. D. Lyman, “L: ‘Tech Rep,’” The Bee-Hive, Jan. 1950, p. 14; L. D. Lyman to E. E. Wilson, “Confidential—M,” ca. Oct. 15, 1943.
CAL IN COMBAT: CAL (D), Jan. 5, 6, 19–23, Apr. 2, 3, May 22, 29, and 30, June 21, 26, July 10, 12, 16, 19, 24, 26, 28, Aug. 1, 15, 21, 22, Sept. 1–4, 6, 8, 12, 13, 16, 17, 1944; WJ, pp. 755–6, 759–60, 774–5, 814–9, 835–7, 853–4, 856, 870–4, 876–8, 881–5, 887–93, 906, 910–2, 915–8, 920–2, 924; ROSS, Aug. 8, 1968; Boyne, Smithsonian Book, p. 190; Charles H. Gibbs-Smith, Aviation, p. 209; CAL to AML, Apr. 23, May 12, 1944; Col. Charles MacDonald, “Long-legged Fighters,” typescript, later published as “L In Battle,” Colliers, Feb. 16, 1946, pp. 11–2, 75–6; CAL to R. Fredette, May 15, 1971; Edwards Park, “The Jug in New Guinea,” appears in Boyne, Smithsonian Book, p. 178; Carroll R. “Bob” Anderson to Bob Considine, July 18, 1957; AOV, pp. 195–202; CAL, “Individual Combat Report,” Mission No. 3–407, July 29, 1944; Col. C. H. MacDonald, “Individual Combat Report,” Mission No. 30407, July 29, 1944; CAL to Col. Danforth Miller, Sept. 29, 1956; OFAL, pp. 10–14; CAL, “Individual Combat Report,” Mission No. 3–413, Aug. 2, 1944; CAL to Paul Baker, Apr. 26, 1953.
CAL’s means of achieving “maximum range cruise” involved flying slowly, setting throttles and propeller controls so that “the engines turn slowly but labor hard,” and running on a lean mixture, such that the “engines suck in more air and less gasoline.” (W. Langewiesche, “How They Fly the Atlantic,” Harper’s, May, 1948, p. 449.)
AML ON THE HOME FRONT: AML (D), Apr. 17, June 13, 1943, Feb. 4, Mar. 4–18, July 3, Oct. 8 and 27, 1944; WWW, pp. 338–40, 360, 381–2, 407–8, 417–9, 432, 438–9, 446–52; AML to Alfred Harcourt, Aug., 1943; CAL to AML, Aug. 7, 1944; AML to Margot L. Morrow, Sept. 7, 1944; CAL (D), Sept. 18, 20, and 22, 1944; WJ, pp. 925–8.
16 PHOENIX
E: OFAL, p. 50.
READJUSTING TO “CIVILIAN” LIFE: CAL (D), Sept. 21–2, 1944; WJ, pp. 927–8; CAL to Charles MacDonald, Mar. 22, 1947; Harry Johansen to CAL (T), June 3, 1943; CAL to R. E. Wood, July 9, 1943; CAL to O. K. Armstrong, Mar. 28, 1944; CAL to Mrs. Thomas McGuire, Apr. 28, 1945; ROSS, Aug. 21, 1969; John LaFarge,” Alexis Carrel,” America, Nov. 18, 1944, p. 129; Anne and AC to Frederic Coudert, c. Oct., 1944; T. Bentley Mott to Frederic Coudert, Dec. 10, 1944; CAL to Roy McClure, Nov. 10, 1944; Corliss Lamont, “Argument from Ignorance,” The Modern Monthly, July, 1936, pp. 28–9; CAL to Dr. Irene McFaul, May 11, 1945; CAL to Edward Moore, Feb. 24, 1946; “By-laws of AC Foundation,” n.d.; CAL to Rev. Father E. Rooney, S. J., Aug. 14, 1953; Cass Canfield to CAL, Oct. 26, 1949; AML to CAL, June 6, 1945.
CAL’S EUROPEAN MISSION: CAL to John F. Sinclair, Apr. 27, 1945; CAL to Gen. R. E. Wood, Nov. 16, 1949; CAL to ELLL, May 10, 1945; CAL (D), May 11–5, 17–9, 21, 23, June 4, 10, 11, and 13–5, 1945; WJ, pp. 933–40, 942–57, 960–1, 972, 990–1000;AOV, pp. 344–351; Gibbs-Smith, Aviation, pp. 213–4; CAL, “Supersonic Transport,” July 14, 1972; Lehman, High Man, pp. 402–3; CAL to Rt. Rev. Walter H. Gray, Apr. 10, 1972; CAL to Wayne Cole, Dec. 23, 1973; AML to William Jovanovich, Sept. 5, 1976.
NEW ATTITUDES; GODDARD; ATOMIC BOMB: J. L. Bourbon to CAL, May 13, 1945; John Armstrong to “The Editor,” n.s., c. May 14, 1945; Bernard De Voto, “The Easy Chair,” Harper’s, Jan. 1944, p. 143; CAL to Wayne Cole, Mar. 11, 1974; CAL “final draft of comments to Chicago Tribune,” July 25, 1945; CAL to ELLL, July 30, 1945; CAL to H. B. Sallada, July 24, 1945; RHG to CAL, June 19, 1940; CAL to Milton Lehman, Nov. 12, 1961; Lehman, High Man, pp. 389–91; AML to André de Lattre, Aug. 7, 1945; FRDT; AOV, pp. 214–7, 226; CAL to AML, Sept. 19, 1945; CAL to Robert M. Hutchins, Nov. 25, 1946; “L Said to Advise Secrecy on Atomic Bomb,” NYT, Nov. 14, 1945, n.p.; CAL, “Phoned to A. P.,” Nov. 18, 1945; “L Wants Bomb Controlled by World Group,” Washington Post, Nov. 18, 1945, n.p.; CAL, “Aero Club Address,” Dec. 17, 1945.
AIR FORCE AND POSTWAR GOVT. WORK: Townsend Hoopes and Douglas Brinkley, Driven Patriot: The Life and Times of James Forrestal (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992), pp. 341–5; W. Stuart Symington to CAL, Nov. 24, 1947; CAL to Gen. Hoyt Vandenberg, reports, Sept. 14, 1948 and Feb. 18, 1949; AOV, pp. 29–30, 36, 219–2, 231, 237, 356; Col. J. J. Judge to Commanding Generals (M), Aug. 4, 1948; FRDT; CAL to AML, Aug. 8, 1947, Jan. 6 and Aug. 29, 1948; CAL to Stuart Symington, Nov. 15, 1949; CAL, “Statement,” Apr. 7, 1947; “L Urges U. S. World Role,” n.s., Apr. 14, 1947, n.p.
BIRTH OF RML; DOMESTIC LIFE IN DARIEN: ECM (D), Oct. 2 and Nov. 29, 1945, Dec. 29, 1949, Apr. 26, 1950; CAL to ELLL, May 10, 1945; CAL to James Newton, Apr. 29, 1945; CAL to Dr. Alfred R. Henderson, Mar. 3, 1974; CMM to ASB (I), Mar. 3, 1993; Dr. David Read to ASB (I), May 2, 1993; AML (D), Feb. 4, 1944; WWW, p. 407; ASL to ASB (I), May 9, 1993; AML to JML, July 27, 1947; AML to ELLL, Nov. 24, 1944; CAL to Harold Bixby, Mar. 28, 1946; CAL, accounts, specifically Dec. 3, 1947 [Y:373/998]; Wendell Wilson (Teton Valley Ranch) to CAL, Sept. 3, 1943; LML to ASB (I), Aug. 18, 1993; Ruth Thomas to AML, July 23, 1945; Brookside School (Bloomfield Hills, MI) to CAL and AML, comments, June 1943; CAL, “Policy” (for secretary Barbara Mansfield), ca. 1947–8.
MEETING DR. ATCHLEY; AML-CAL MARRIAGE: AML to CMM, Dec. 15 and 22, 1946, Feb. 21, Mar. 20, 1947; AML to Adelaide Marquand, Mar. 1, 1947; AML to Dr. E. M. Hawks, n.d.; AML (D), Feb. 13, 1947; AML to ECM. Apr. 12, 1947; AML to ELLL, Apr. 24 and July 27, 1947; F. L. Wright, Autobiography, p. 500; CAL to AML, Dec. 13 and 21, 1947; AML to Janet de Coux, July 23, 1947; AML, “The Flame of Europe,” Reader’s Digest, Jan., 1948, pp. 141–6; AML to CAL, Sept. 28 and 30, Dec. 18, 1947; Edna St. Vincent Millay to AML, Aug., 1948; Edward Sheldon to AML, Apr. 25, 1945; ECM (D), Aug. 31 and Nov. 16, 1948, May 16 and Dec. 29, 1949.
AML’S other pieces about postwar Europe included: “One Starts at Zero,” Reader’s Digest, Feb., 1948; “Anywhere in Europe,” Harper’s, Apr., 1948; “Airliner to Europe,” Harper’s, Sept., 1948; “Our Lady of Risk,” Life, July 29, 1950.
OFAL; REASCENDANCE OF CAL: OFAL, pp. v–vii, 10, 14, 21, 26, 40, 50; John P. Marquand to CAL, May 26, 1948; Charles Scribner to CAL, Apr. 5, May 11 (T), May 31, 1948; John W. Chase, “L Apologia and Attack,” NYT Book Review, n.d., n.p.; Edward Witsell to CAL, Dec. 26, 1947; Omar N. Bradley to CAL, Oct. 22, 1948; George C. Kenney to CAL, Mar. 14, 1955; James D. McIntyre to Truman Smith, Sept. 19, 1954; Stuart Symington to CAL (T), Jan. 17, 1950; Crouch, Bishop’s Boys, pp. 520, 527–8; A. Wetmore to CAL, May 7, 1948; CAL to A. Wetmore, May 17, 1948; Luther Evans to CAL, Jan. 18, 1949; CAL to Mrs. Henry Keil, Jan. 10, 1947; Martha Knowlton to CAL, Feb. 7, 1947; Supt. Paul J. Janson, Aug. 15, 1951; Theodore M. Hesburgh to CAL (T), Apr. 7, 1956; John S. Dickey to CAL, Feb. 8, 1954; CAL to Charles Honce, Feb. 15, 1952; CAL to Alan J. Gould, Mar. 20, 1952; CAL to J. F. Sinclair, Jan. 29, 1946; CAL to Amyas Ames, Mar. 2, 1949; AML to ASB (I), Feb. 27, 1990; CAL to Dr. Magdalene Wenzel, Dec. 18, 1952; Effie and Bruce Hopper to CAL, Nov. 9, 1949; Richard Davis, “L Still Solos in Anonymity,” Newsweek, Dec. 5, 1949; CAL to Wayne S. Cole, May 29, 1949; CAL, “Wright Dinner Speech,” Dec. 17, 1949, reprinted in U.S. Air Services, Jan., 1950, pp. 11, 13; CAL and HG’s speeches of Jan. 25, 1954 (awarding of Guggenheim Medal) reprinted in supplement Pioneering in Aeronautics (Daniel Guggenheim Medal Board of Award, 1954); Gen. R. L. Scott to ASB (I), Apr. 23, 1998.
SSL: CAL (N), Feb. 5, 1939; CAL to Hobart Lewis, Sept. 28, 1966; SSL, pp. ix, 3, 492; DAVIS, Aug. 22, 1969; ROSS, Aug. 10, 1968; R. D. Lyman, “How L Wrote a Book,” Bee-Hive, Summer, 1954, pp. 18–20; ECM (D), Oct. 24, 1951; Charles Scribner to CAL, Dec. 6, 1951, July 2, 1952; John Hall Wheelock to CAL, Mar. 26 and 31, Apr. 1, July 2, 1952, Sept. 11, 1953; CAL to Charles Scribner, July 28, 1952; CAL to John Hall Wheelock, Mar. 10, Apr. 16, 27, 28, 1952; Ben Hibbs (of Saturday Evening Post) to George T. Bye, Dec. 8, 1952; Wesley Price to CAL, Jan. 17, 1953; “Biggest Sales in Post History,” advertisement in New York World Telegram, Apr. 15, 1953, p. 18; George T. Bye to CAL, Apr. 27, 1953; Charles Scribner, In the Company of Writers (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1990), p. 100; AML (D), Jan. 25, Sept. 23, 1953; Whitney Darrow to CAL, Feb. 10, 1954; AML to Lucia Norton, Jan. 8, 1954; Carl W. Ackerman to CAL, May 3, 1954.
CAL donated his Pulitzer prize-money, five hundred dollars, to Columbia’s School of Dental and Oral Surgery, to be used in connection with its program of historical research, in honor of his grandfather, the pioneering dentist Dr. Charles H. Land. (Grayson Kirk to CAL, June 30, 1954.)
17 DOUBLE SUNRISE
E: CAL to Robert Wenkam, July 22, 1953.
EMERGENCE OF AML: AML (D), Mar. 1–9, 1948, Mar. 4, 28, 1951, July 22 and Nov. 5, 1953, Jan. 19, May 27, 1954, May 31, 1957; GS, pp. 9–11, 63, 69, 76, 96; John Marquand to CAL, Feb. 8, 1951; AML to ECM, Easter, 1951; J. P. Marquand to Alfred McIntyre, Apr. 6, 1946; AML to Ruth Oliff, c. 1950; Margot Wilkie to ASB (I), Apr. 26, 1993 and May 23, 1994; ECM (D), Feb. 24, 1949, Apr. 26, Dec. 7, 1950; RML to ASB (I), Jan. 25, 1953; CAL, “Books read and studied,” n.d. [Y:360/975]; CAL, “Travelling Case,” 1956; CAL to L. D. Lyman, July 5, 1957; CAL to Walter Boothby, Dec. 19, 1942; CAL to J. H. Wheelock, June 1, 1953; CAL to Anne Carrel, Dec. 27, 1950; CAL to AML, July 9, Sept. 12, Oct. 14, 1950.
CAL’S NEW ACTIVITIES: J. R. Killian, Jr. (of MIT) to CAL, Oct. 15, 1954; CAL (N), re Secretary of Air, Aug. 19, 1955; tearsheets, The American Mercury, Jan., 1956, p. 12; CAL to Harold E. Talbott, June, 1954; n.a., “Sites Inspected,” Apr. 9–15, 1954, July 1, 1954; AOV, p. 31; CAL to George [prob. Troutman], Nov. 3, 1959; “Agenda of 20th Meeting of Scientific Advisory Committee,” Jan. 28–9, 1960, “Agenda,” Apr. 7, and “Agenda,” Mar. 17, 1960; CAL, “Foreword” to C.M. Green and Milton Lomask,Vanguard: A History (Washington, D.C.: NASA, 1970), pp. v–vi; André Priester to CAL, Dec. 16, 1953; Pan American map with CAL (N), Jan. 1, 1954; CAL to Alfonso Cadena, Aug. 26, 1955; Juan Trippe to CAL, Mar. 11, Apr. 9, Nov. 2, 1953; CAL to Harold Gray, Sept. 11, 1956; CAL to Juan Trippe, Jan. 29, 1958.
Other members of the Air Force site committee included Virgil Hancher, H. B. Harmon, Merrill Meigs, and Carl Spaatz.
GS: AML (D), July 22, 1953, Sept. 18, 1954, July 18, 1955; James Lord, Six Exceptional Women (New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1994), p. 347; Dana Atchley to AML, Feb. 1, and Dec. 22, 1952; GS, p. 56; CAL to AML, July 5, 1953; Kurt Wolff to AML, Mar. 29 and Apr. 21, 1954; Michael Ermarth [ed.], “Foreword,” Kurt Wolff: A Portrait in Essays and Letters (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991), pp. vi–xiv, and Helen Wolff, “Kurt Wolff: A Biographical Sketch,” p. xxvii; CAL to Milton Lehman, Apr. 19, 1960; AML, “GS Re-opened” (Twentieth Anniversary Edition of) GS (New York: Vintage Books, 1978), pp. 131, 136–7; AML to CAL, Sept. 9, 1954, RML to ASB (I), May 8, 1993; ELLL’s demise in CAL to James Newton, Dec. 3, 1954, ECM’s demise discussed in AML to Monte Millar, Dec. 23, 1954 and to Ruth Oliff, n.d.; CAL to DeWitt Wallace, Jan. 2, 1956.
THE UNICORN: AML, The Unicorn and Other Poems: 1935–1955 (New York: Pantheon Books, 1956), pp. 11, 55–6, 86; John Ciardi, “A Close Look at Unicorn,” Saturday Review, Jan. 12, 1957, pp. 54–5; “Letters to the Editor,” Saturday Review, Feb. 9, 1957, pp. 23–4; Norman Cousins, Present Tense: An American Editor’s Odyssey (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967), p. 55, and “John Ciardi and the Readers,” Saturday Review, Feb. 16, 1957, pp. 22–3; John Ciardi, “The Reviewer’s Duty to Damn,” Saturday Review, Feb. 16, 1957, pp. 24–5, 54–5; AML to Ruth Thomas, n.d. [Y:829–114/139]; AML (D), Jan. 25, 1957.
SSL, THE MOVIE: Leland Hayward to George Bye, Dec. 18, 1953; “L’s Idealism,” The Philadelphia Inquirer, Jan. 27, 1943; Billy Wilder to CAL, July 22, 1955; CAL to Billy Wilder, June 6, 1954; James Stewart (with Joseph Laitin), “Lucky to Be Lindy,”Colliers, Mar. 30, 1956, pp. 30–1; Slim Keith with Annette Tapert, Slim (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990), pp. 176–8; CAL to Paul Palmer, Apr. 24, 1955; Maurice Zolotow, Billy Wilder in Hollywood (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1977), pp. 192–5, 314; Billy Wilder to ASB (I), Apr. 1, 1990; James Stewart to ASB (I), May 21, 1990; Bud Gurney to CAL, Apr. 4 and Aug. 21, 1954, ca. May, 1955, May 4, 1956; Leland Hayward to CAL, Apr. 6, 1955, and May 4 and July 28, 1955, Feb. 6, 1957; David Krauss, “Aviation on Film,” USAir Magazine, Oct. 1990, p. 62; R. J. Obringer (Warner Brothers legal dept.) to Leland Hayward, July 28, 1955; J. L. Warner to CAL (T), Apr. 8, 1957; CAL to Bud Gurney, July 7, 1963; CAL to Leland Hayward, Mar. 29, 1957.
CAL’S FAMILY: ASL to ASB (I), May 9, 1993; CAL to JML and LML, Apr. 5, 1949, and June 16, 1959; CAL to JML, Dec. 27, 1950, Sept. 3, 1952, and May 17, 1953, Dec. 28, 1954, Feb. 24, 1955; CAL to AML, Jan. 12, 1951, June 15, 1957; JML to ASB (I), Aug. 17, 1993; Explosive Engineering Corp. announcement, c. 1961; CAL to Anne Carrel, Apr. 9, 1955; CAL to J. E. Wallace Sterling, Jan. 3, 1955; Robert Wells, “Lindy’s Son Shuns Spotlight,” n.s., n.d. [Y:271/693]; CAL to Kenneth Ross, June 2, 1950; CAL to Ben Jaffe, Mar. 29, 1955; Ben Jaffe to CAL, Aug. 23, 1955; AML to LML, Feb. 23, 1956; AML to Kathleen O. Elliott, Sept. 12, 1958; ASL to AML, Mar. 1, 1972; AML (D), Aug. 31, 1958; AML to CAL, June 21, 1949; RML to ASB (I), Mar. 1, 1990.
AML’S SOCIAL AWAKENING: Alan Valentine to AML, Mar. 11, Apr. 29, and Dec. 17, 1958; Corliss Lamont to AML, June 26, 1954; AML (D), Nov. 1, 1954, July 8, c. Aug. 10, 1956, Jan. 25, Aug. 1, Oct. 14, 1957; Katharine Hepburn to ASB (I), Apr. 2, 1991; James Lord to ASB (I) May 20, 1994; Dana Atchley to AML, Mar. 6, Aug. 10, and Dec. 18, 1956, July 8, 1958; ASL to ASB (I), May 9, 1993; CMM to ASB (I), Mar. 3, 1993; AML to CAL, Aug. 11, 1956; AML to CMM, Aug. 12, 1956, Aug. 18, 1957; AML to Lucia Valentine, Mar. 11, 1957; Helen Wolff to AML, July 7, 1956; Helen Wolff to ASB (I), May 9, 1993; RML to ASB (I), Oct. 10 and May 5, 1994.
18 ALONE TOGETHER
E: AOV, p. 39.
SWITZERLAND; NEW HOUSE IN CONNECTICUT: AML (D), Feb. 12, 1959, May 7, June 7, Oct. 7–8, 1960, Feb. 1–2, Apr. 6–7, 1962; ASL to ASB (I), May 9, 1993; Helen Wolff to AML, Mar. 13, 1959; AML to Lucia and Alan Valentine, July, 1959, Dec. 16, 1963; AML to Dana Atchley, July 9–13, 1959, Feb. 9, 1961, Apr. 11, 1963; Helen and Kurt Wolff to AML, July 15, 1959; CAL to Helen Wolff, Dec. 11, 1968 and Jan. 11, 1969; Helen Wolff to CAL, Dec. 20, 1968; AOV, pp. 281–2; AML, “Prologue,” (U), c. Aug., 1961 [Y:157/398]; CAL to Dr. Clark B. Millikan, May 16, 1960; AML to CMM, Dec. 12, 1960; AML to CAL, Mar. 18, June 18, 1960, Sept. 23 and 28, 1961, Jan. 19 and Nov. 11, 1962; CAL to ASL, June 21, Aug. 23, 1962; AML to LML, Apr. 12, Sept. 29, 1960; CAL to Paul Johnston, July 17, 1962; CAL (N), “Planorbe,” Sept. 21 and 22, 1973; CAL to Geoffrey Platt, May 16, 1962 and Apr. 5, 1964; Cresson Kearny (Hudson Institute) to CAL, May 16, 1962; LML to ASB (I), Aug. 18, 1993; AML to Mina Curtiss, Apr. 16, 1961; “Daughter of the Ls Wed to Student in France,” NYT, Dec. 27, 1963, n.p.; CAL to M. and Mme. Feydy, Jan. 1, 1964; AML to ASL, Nov. 7, 1964.
One night shortly before Land married, his fiancée, Susan Miller, and CAL happened to be in Paris at the same time. One evening, strolling along the Seine together, CAL pointed out some gaslights and casually remarked, “These lights are so much more beautiful from the air than electric lights.” Utterly lost in the beauty of the evening, Susie innocently asked,” Have you ever flown over Paris?” Without giving it a thought, Lindbergh quietly replied, “I did once … years ago.” (Susan Miller to ASB (I), Aug. 27, 1994.)
STATESIDE INVITATIONS: CAL to Raymond Bisplinghoff, Aug. 18, 1966; Arthur H. Sulzberger to CAL, Aug. 18, 1961; CAL to Arthur H. Sulzberger, Nov. 4, 1961; CAL to Henry Luce, Feb. 21, 1963; CAL to Grayson Kirk, Apr. 10, 1966; Barry Goldwater to CAL (T), Nov. 10, 1961; Adlai E. Stevenson to CAL, Dec. 22, 1964; CAL to Adlai E. Stevenson, Jan. 3, 1965; CAL to AML, Nov. 7, 1960; CAL to JFK, Mar. 2 and May 23, 1962; CAL to Evelyn Lincoln, Apr. 9 and 15, 1962; Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, “America’s First Ladies Honor CAL,” Good Housekeeping, June, 1977, p. 72; AML to Dana Atchley, May 13, 1962; AML (D), Apr. 18 and May 13, 1962; Jacqueline Kennedy to CAL and AML, May 22, 1962; CAL to William M. Allen, Apr. 7, 1966; CAL to Joe Wecker, Mar. 19, 1963; CAL to John L. Crone, Apr. 26, 1965; CAL to James W. Jacobs, Feb. 10, 1968; S. Paul Johnston to CAL, May 31, 1967; CAL to Bruce Larson, July 18, 1966; CAL to J. H. Wheelock, Feb. 28, 1953; CAL to Min Miller, Nov. 7, 1963; Lady Bird Johnson to AML, Jan. 29, 1963; Lady Bird Johnson, “Guest list,” Mar. 22, 1966; CAL to ELCS, Oct. 27, 1964; AML to Pres. and Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson, June 1, 1967; FRDT; AOV, p. 31; CAL to Gen. Frederick Osborn, Nov. 1, 1959; Najeeb E. Halaby to CAL, Apr. 13, 1962; CAL to N. E. Halaby, Apr. 26, 1962; CAL to Secy. Robert S. McNamara, July 11, 1966; CAL to William M. Allen, Feb. 2, 1966; TWA press release, May 20, 1962; Boyne, Smithsonian Book, p. 260; Robert J. Serling, Legend & Legacy: The Story of Boeing and Its People (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992), p. 284; CAL to Father J. T. Durkin, June 14, 1965.
WISDOM OF WILDNESS: AOV, pp. 33–4, 307; CAL to Stewart Udall, June 12, 1966; the Henry David Thoreau quotation is from his essay “Walking”; CAL, “Wisdom of Wildness,” Life, Dec. 12, 1967, p. 9; James Newton to ASB (I), Mar. 3, 1993; Newton,Uncommon Friends, pp. 317–8; CAL to JML and LML, June 11, 1961; CAL to James Newton, Apr. 14 and July 24, 1961; CAL (N), “Meeting with Jilin Konchellah,” June 16, 1961; Paul Pry View, “John Konchellah,” (Nairobi?) Sunday Nation, Nov. 25, 1962, n.p.; John Konchellah to ASB (I), Aug. 15, 1992.
AFRICA: CAL to John Konchellah, Dec. 21, 1961 and Apr. 11, 1963; Noel Simon to Ian Grimwood, Sept. 22, 1962; CAL to Denis Zaphiro, Dec. 17, 1962, Oct. 12, 1965; CAL to Ronald Ngala, Dec. 13, 1962; Newton, Uncommon Friends, p. 318; AOV, pp. 269–71, 278–81, 283–5, 380, 386; CAL to Ian Grimwood, Jan. 31, Mar. 11, and Apr. 24, 1964, Feb. 4, 1966; CAL (N), “Dr. L. S. B. Leakey,” Feb. 23, 1964; L. S. B. Leakey to CAL, n.d.; Richard Logan, “L Refined Philosophy of Life,” (CAL Fund, Inc.)Newsletter, Spring, 1994, pp. 3, 6; CAL To L.S.B. Leakey, May 18 and July 8, 1964; L.S.B. Leakey to CAL, June 2, 1964; CAL to Anne Carrel, Apr. 12, 1965; AML (D), May 26, 1965; CAL to Amb. William Atwood, Nov. 16, 1965; CAL to Jon, Barbara, Land, Susan, Julien, Anne, Scott, and Reeve, Oct. 11, 1965; LML to ASB (I), Aug. 18, 1993; AML to Lucia Valentine, Jan. 22, 1966; CAL to SML, Nov. 24, 1965.
WILDLIFE: Kermit Roosevelt to CAL, Sept. 17, 1962; “What Is IUCN,” brochure, Aug., 1962; CAL to Noel Simon, Sept. 25, 1963, Oct. 2 and Nov. 15, 1964, May 5, 1967; Noel Simon to CAL, Nov. 8, 1963; CAL to Harold J. Coolidge, Dec. 27, 1963; CAL, “Is Civilization Progress?,” Reader’s Digest, July, 1964, pp. 67–74; AOV, pp. 272, 274, 285; CAL to Hobart Lewis, Apr. 24, 1968; CAL to DeWitt Wallace, Apr. 23 and Nov. 16, 1964, June 3 and Aug. 30, 1966; CAL to Ira Gabrielson, Apr. 27 and July 27, 1965; Ira Gabrielson to CAL, Aug. 17, 1965; CAL, draft of form letter, c. Aug. 1965; CAL (N), re World Wildlife Fund; Max Lerner to ASB (I), Nov. 3, 1993; n.a., “Extermination of the Great Whale” (suggested press release from unknown conservation org.), n.d.; IUCN statement as read by CAL, International Whaling Comission, June 30, 1967; CAL to Prime Minister Eisaku Sato, Jan. 14, 1965; CAL to Pres. F. B. Terry, Feb. 7, 1968; CAL to Amb. Ralph Dungan, Apr. 9, 1967; Ralph Dungan to CAL, Apr. 18 and May 31, 1967; Ralph Graves to CAL, Jan. 6, 1967; CAL to David Mannes, Apr. 6, 1967; Stan Wayman to CAL, May 15, 1967; “L and the Blue Whale,” The Washington Post, Nov. 5, 1966, n.p.; CAL to Erwin A. Olson, Oct. 9, 1966; “The Uniqueness of Aldabra” [prob. IUCN newsletter], ca. Aug. 21, 1967; CAL to Secy. Robert S. McNamara, Sept. 28, 1967; Tufele-Faia’oga to CAL, June 17, 1964.
SCIENTIFIC VOYAGES: CAL, “Notes concerning the Udjung Kulon,” June 4, 1967 and Aug. 3, 1970; “Change of Schedule of H. E. Adam Malik’s Trip,” May 14, 1967; CAL to Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX, May 31, 1967; CAL, “Wisdom of Wildness,” pp. 8–10; CAL, “Conservation notes … Indonesia,” c. Nov., 1967; AOV, pp. 282–3, 399–400; Dr. Theodore I. Malinin and Vernon P. Perry, “Observations on Contracting Monkey Hearts …,” Johns Hopkins Medical Journal (vol. 122, no. 6), June, 1968, pp. 380–6; Dr. Theodore I. Malinin to ASB (I), May 30, 1993; Dr. Frank Glenn to CAL, Feb. 3, Apr. 27, and Sept. 19, 1969; CAL to Dr. Denton Cooley, Nov. 16, 1967; Dr. Denton Cooley to CAL, Oct. 26, 1967; Nate Haseltine, “Scientists Aided by L,” World Journal Tribune, Mar. 15, 1967; CAL to Anne Carrel, Apr. 22, 1964; G. Edward Pendray, “Summary of Progress: Man’s Relation to Man Project,” Aug. 1, 1965; CAL to HG, May 10, 1963.
CAL ADVISES HIS CHILDREN; DRIFTS FROM AML: CAL to RML, July 8, 1966 and June 14, 1967, Jan. 31, 1968; LML to ASB (I), Aug. 18, 1993; ASL to ASB (I), May 9, 1993; CAL to ASL, Nov. 23, 1963; CAL to JML, Nov. 20, 1960, Dec. 7, 1967; CAL to Barbara Robbins Lindbergh, Jan. 8, 1960; Vietnam discussed in Edgar Needham, “Travels With Charlie,” Esquire, Mar. 1971, pp. 90–1; CAL to SML, Jan. 30, 1966, Nov. 16, 1967, Jan. 15, Mar. 28, 1968; SML to CAL, May 26, 1963, Apr. 1, 1968; SML to CAL and AML, also Apr. 1, 1968; CAL to Jon, Land, Anne, and Reeve, Dec. 10, 1967; ASL to CAL, Dec. 13, 1967; AML (D), Mar. 27, Aug. 20, and Nov. 19, 1967, Feb. 7, 1968; AML to CAL, May 26, 1963; RML to CAL, Dec. 13, 1967 and Jan. 14, 1968; AML to CMM, Jan. 31, 1968.
ALASKA: CAL to Mr. Bechtel, Mar. 23, 1968; Stanton Patty, “The Lone Eagle And The Alaska Legislature,” Seattle Times, Jan. 5, 1969, pp. 12–3; CAL to Gov. Walter Hickel, Apr. 14, 1968; CAL to Lowell Thomas, Mar. 30, 1968; CAL to Fritz Vollmar, June 3, 1968; Lowell Thomas to CAL, Apr. 3, 1968; Lowell Thomas, Jr. to CAL, Apr. 30, 1968; “L Speaks on Conservation,” Alaska Conservation Review, Summer, 1968, p. 2; “Lindy Urges Protection of Natural Resources,” The Oregonian, Mar. 22, 1968.
19 ALOHA
E: AOV, p. 309.
HANA: Steven L. Walker and Matti P. Majorin, Hawaiian Islands (Scottsdale, AZ: Camelback Design Group and Elan Publishing, 1992), pp. 9–11, 41–2; Ron Youngblood, On the Hana Coast (Hong Kong: Emphasis International, Ltd. and Carl Lindquist, 1987), pp. 16–23, 81, 90–99; AML to ASL, Mar. 20, 1969, Jan. 13, Feb. 8, 1971, Feb. 25 and Mar. 5, 1972; Beverly Creamer, “Sam Pryor: The L Connection,” reprinted in Youngblood, Hana Coast, p. 74; CAL, “Maui,” introduction to Maui: The Last Hawaiian Place(San Francisco and New York: Friends of the Earth, 1970); Jeannie Pechin to ASB (I), Aug. 27, 1994; CAL to Sam Pryor, Apr. 12, 1968, Feb. 25, 1971; Sam Pryor to CAL, c. Apr. 1968; AML to James Lloyd, Feb. 5, 1975; CAL to Jack O. Tobin, Apr. 16, 1969; CAL to Edward M. Brownless, Sept. 19, 1969; CAL to Taylor A. Pryor, Jan. 29, 1970; AML (D), May 6, 1969, July 2, 1970, Jan. 22, 1971; AML to Dana Atchley, Jan. 21, 1971; AML to Lucia and Alan Valentine, Jan. 29 and Feb. 9, 1971, Apr. 2, 1972, Feb. 12, 1974; AML to CAL, Jan. 19, 1970, Jan. 31, 1971, Mar. 10, 1972; AML to RML, Feb. 8, 1971; AML to Mina Curtiss, Mar. 8, 1973.
CONSERVATION: CAL to Sen. Daniel Inouye, May 12, 1968; CAL to Sen. Hiram Fong, June 6, 1968; The Nature Conservancy, press release, Jan. 10, 1969; CAL to Thomas W. Richards, Oct. 12, 1968 and Mar. 15, 1969; Mary Alice Rogers to CAL, Sept. 24, 1968; CAL to Austin Lamont, Dec. 16, 1968; Huey D. Johnson to CAL, June 31, 1972; CAL to Edward Kingman, Feb. 12, 1969; CAL form letter, Apr. 9, 1970; Walter J. Hickel to CAL, Nov. 25, 1970; CAL to William P. Rogers, July 26, 1969; Laurence S. Rockefeller to Richard M. Nixon, “Draft Language for Possible Inclusion in the State of the Union Message,” n.d.; John C. Whitaker to CAL, Apr. 23, 1970; “L Visits Replica of ‘Spirit,’” San Diego Union, Dec. 16, 1972; “Nixon Visits S. F., Pushes Bay Park,”San Francisco Chronicle, Sept. 6, 1972.
ASTRONAUTICS AND AVIATION: Lady Bird Johnson, A White House Diary (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1970), p. 749; Social Secretary of The White House to CAL and AML (T), Nov. 29, 1968; CAL to The Apollo VIII Crew, Dec. 9, 1968; AML, Earth Shine (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1969), pp. 9–14, 19–23; CAL to Frank Borman, July 20, 1969; CAL to Jerome Lederer, Dec. 29, 1968; CAL to Scott McLeod, Feb. 21, 1969; CAL and AML to Col. Frank Borman (T), Dec. 28, 1968; CAL to Neil Armstrong, June 15, 1969, July 27, 1969; David Brinkley, NBC Nightly News, transcript, Aug. 26, 1974; Neil Armstrong, “Remarks,” accepting 1997 Lindbergh Award, May 10, 1997; CAL to Michael Collins, July 27, 1969; CAL to Richard Nixon, July 26, 1969; CAL, “For Me, Aviation Has Value Only to the Extent that It Contributes to the Quality of the Human Life It Serves,” NYT, July 27, 1972, p. 31; CAL to Ralph Graves, Oct. 16, 1969.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TRIPS: “‘Lindy’ Sees Kabetogama,” Minneapolis Star, Oct. 6, 1969; “L Visits Park Site,” (International Falls) Daily Journal, Oct. 6, 1969; CAL to Elmer Andersen, Oct. 22, 1969; CAL to AML, Aug. 7, 1970; CAL to Samuel F. Pryor, Jr., Feb. 22 and Aug. 7, 1969; George Lindsay, “Some Natural Values of Baja California,” Pacific Discovery, Mar.–Apr., 1970, pp. 1–10; “Schedule of C. A. L.,” Mar. 10, 1972; “Programme for Visit of Laurence Rockefeller party,” Dec. 15, 1972; CAL to King Taufa-ahau Tupou IV, May 31, 1972; CAL, “W. W. F. Mission to Brazil,” (M), Sept. 4, 1968; CAL to Peter Scott, Sept. 3, 1968.
PHILIPPINES: CAL to Alden Whitman, July 12, 1971; CAL to Ken Bechtel, Oct. 30, 1971; Tom Harrisson, “The Tamaraw and its Survival,” IUCN Bulletin, Apr./June, 1969, pp. 85–6; Eduardo Lachica, “Save the Tamaraw—L,” Philippines Herald, Feb. 1, 1969; CAL (N), “Comments” (on NYT article by Alden Whitman of June 23, 1969), Aug. 3, 1969; CAL, transcript of radio address, Digos Broadcasting System, Aug. 23, 1969; CAL to Lt. Gov. Thomas Gill, June 23, 1969; Ferdinand E. Marcos, “Copy of Plaque,” Oct. 31, 1969; Alden Whitman, “Philippine Tribes Struggle to Survive” and “Tribesmen’s Mentor: Manuel Elizalde, Jr.,” NYT, Aug. 13, 1970; CAL to Manuel Elizalde, Jr., May 30 and Sept. 21, 1969, June 26, 1970, (T) Apr. 5, 1972; CAL to Sixto Roxas, May 30, 1969; CAL to Dr. Robert Fox, July 13, 1969; AOV, pp. 34–6, CAL, “Introduction” to book about Panamin, May 10, 1971; CAL to Ralph Graves, Nov. 13, 1969 and Jan. 19, 1970; unauthorized “L Statement,” July 23, 1970 (re ambush in Surallah); CAL to Alden Whitman, Aug. 29, 1970; CAL to Ferdinand Marcos, May 25, 1970, May 31, 1971, Apr. 8, 1972; CAL to Mary Tay Pryor, Apr. 26, 1971; AML (D), Aug. 28, 1970; AML to CAL, Apr. 27, 1971; AML to ASL, May 3, 1971, Apr. 3, 1972; CAL, “Foreword” to John Nance, The Gentle Tasaday: A Stone-Age People in the Philippine Rain Forest (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975); CAL, “Comments on ms. for The Tasaday by John Nance,” Mar. 12, 1974; CAL (N), Mar. 28, Apr. 21, May 19, 1972; CAL to Filipina [who shall remain unnamed], Apr. 19, 1972; AML’s discovery of photograph related by an intimate of AML who asked to be unidentified; CAL to William Jovanovich, Aug. 12, 1971; CAL to AML, July 5, 1971.
PRIVATE COMMUNION; PUBLIC APPEARANCES: CAL to Sister Hildegard, June 24, 1971; CAL, speech, National Institute of Social Sciences, Nov. 21, 1968; CAL, speech, Society of Experimental Test Pilots, Sept. 27, 1969; CAL, as quoted in Peter Weller, “Interpretive Center is Dedicated in Little Falls,” Minnesota Progressive, Nov., 1973, p. 5; “CAL Given Hero’s Welcome,” (Little Falls) Daily Transcript, Oct. 1, 1973; George Vecsey, “L Revisits Scene of Old Friendship on L. I.,” NYT, May 17, 1973; Adele Wall to ASB (I), May 20, 1994; Harold W. Gray, Jr. to CAL, July 31, 1969; Raymond Weeks to CAL, Sept. 12, 1973; CAL, speech, “National Veterans Day Address, Oct. 21, 1973; Dr. David Read to ASB (I), May 2, 1993.
CAL and AML donated several hundred books to Falaise to help fill the library shelves. (CAL to George Fontaine, Nov. 18, 1973.)
WJ: CAL to William Jovanovich, Dec. 18, 1969 [reprinted in WJ, pp. xii–xv], Jan. 27 and Nov. 13, 1970; Alden Whitman, “L Journal on War Era Is Due,” NYT, Mar. 11, 1970; William Jovanovich to Alden Whitman, Jan. 22, 1970, attached to Ethel Cunningham to William Jovanovich (M), Jan. 20, 1970; CAL to Leland Hayward, Apr. 11, 1970; Harcourt Brace World (M), “Cutting,” enclosed with William Jovanovich to CAL, Aug. 24, 1969; “American Notes—According to Lindy,” Time, Sept. 14, 1970, p. 12; “L Wrong Again,” Long Island Press, Sept. 3, 1970; The American Jewish Committee, press release, Sept. 8, 1970; S. L. A. Marshall, “Lindy Book: 1000 pages, mostly dull,” Chicago Sun-Times, Sept. 1, 1970, p. 28; Eric Goldman, “WJ of CAL,” NYT, Sept. 20, 1970; Henry Raymont, “Judges of Book Awards Revolt,” NYT, Jan. 26, 1971; CAL to Julie N. Eisenhower, Nov. 7, 1970; Jacqueline Onassis to CAL, Aug. 23, 1971; CAL to Burton Wheeler, Jan. 19, 1971; William Jovanovich, “Foreword” to WJ, p. xiv.
PUBLISHING AML’S DIARIES; IMPASSE WITH SML: AML (D), Sept. 10, 1970, Apr. 19, 1971, Apr. 29. 1972; WWW, p. xxviii; AML to Lucia Valentine, July 31, 1977; AML to Dana Atchley, Dec. 26, 1969; AML to ASL, Apr. 17, 1969, Nov. 17, 1971; “Analysis of Hijacking Mail and Wires,” Pan American Corp. office, Sept. 15, 1970; RML to AML, Mar. 26, 1972; AML to SML, Apr. 5, 1968; CAL to SML, Mar. 24, Apr. 20, and June 2, 1969, Apr. 19, May 14, 1972, May 1, 1973; SML to CAL, Apr. 8, 1969; CAL to ASL, Mar. 2 and Apr. 24, 1972, Apr. 8, 1973.
CAL’S ILLNESS: Dr. Milton Howell to T. Willard Hunter (I), Dec. 4, 1984; CAL (N), “Dana Atchley,” Oct. 6, 1972; CAL to Ian Grimwood, May 11, 1974; Dana Atchley to AML, Mar. 5, 1973; Samuel F. Pryor to T. Willard Hunter (I), Dec. 31, 1980; Samuel F. Pryor and CAL to Hawaii Conference Foundation Trustees, Mar. 23, 1973; Milton M. Howell, “The Lone Eagle’s Last Flight,” Journal of the American Medical Association, May 19, 1975, p. 715; CAL to Manuel Elizalde, June 12, 1973; CAL to Imelda Marcos, June 14, 1973; Imelda Marcos to CAL, Aug. 2, 1973; AML to CMM, July 22, 1973; AML to Margot L. (Morrow) Wilkie, July 27, 1973; AML (D), July 16, 1973; “Getty Prize,” World Wildlife News, Apr., 1974, p. 7; “A Pragmatist and a Pioneer,” Time, Feb. 18, 1974, p. 25; CAL to Francis L. Kellogg, Mar. 17, 1974; Peter Gove to CAL, May 17, 1974; Jeannie Pechin to ASB (I), Aug. 27, 1994; AML to ASL, May 22, June 11, June 19, 23, and 29, July 5, 9, and 14, 1974; CAL to William Jovanovich, June 14, 1974; AML to CMM, June 4, 1974; AML to SML, June 17, 1974; CAL to Raymond Fredette, June 30, 1974; AML to LML, July 19, 1974.
CAL HOSPITALIZED: AML to Marthe Sturm, Aug. 9, 1974; CAL to Gov. Wendell Anderson, July 21, 1974; CAL to Russell Fridley, July 21, 1974; AML to Reverend Mother (Regina Laudis Priory, Bethlehem, CT), July 25, 1974; AML to ASL, July 20, 1974; AML to SML, July 23, 1974; SML to CAL, July 23, 1974; Judge E. Donald Steinbrugge to CAL, Aug. 18, 1974; AML to Yvonne (deLattre?), Aug. 2, 1974; AML to ELCS, Aug. 10, 1974; Richard M. Nixon to CAL, July 31, 1974; DeWitt and Lila Wallace to CAL (T), Aug. 2, 1974; ELCS to CAL, Aug. 1, 1974; Newton, Uncommon Friends, p. 340; William Jovanovich to CAL, July 28, 1974; Jovanovich quoted in AOV, pp. xiii–xv; JML (D), Aug. 15–28, 1974; CAL, “Will of Apr. 11, 1973 amended”; AML “Affidavit,” Feb. 18, 1975; Dr. Milton Howell to T. Willard Hunter (I), Dec. 4, 1984; Roselle Howell to T. Willard Hunter (I), Jan. 2, 1981; AML to Margot L. (Morrow) Wilkie,” Aug. 18, 1974; AML to Juan Trippe, Sept. 4, 1974.
FINAL PREPARATIONS IN HAWAII: Milton Howell quoted in Tom Stevens, The Maui News, Sept. 19, 1974, p. B7; JML (D), Aug. 15–28, 1974; AML 9 (and others), “Lists,” Aug. 20–2, 1974, re burial, service, etc. [Y:220/85]; Mary Anne Cravens, “Tevi and L: An Old Maui Native Buries His Friend,” People, Sept. 16, 1974, pp. 12–3; Edward Oxford, “Final Flight,” American History Illustrated, pp. 25–35, 72; Joseph “Tevi” Kahaleuahi to T. Willard Hunter (I), Dec. 19, 1980; LML to ASB (I), Aug. 18, 1993; JML to ASB (I), Aug. 17, 1993; John Hanchett to T. Willard Hunter (I), Dec. 31, 1980; AML to John Grierson, c. May, 1975; Henry Kahula to T. Willard Hunter (I), Jan. 3, 1981; Rev. John Tincher to ASB (I), Aug. 26, 1994; AML to Susan Miller Lindbergh, Oct. 20, 1978; SML to ASB (I), Jan. 9, 1994; RML to ASB (I), June 19, 1997; AML to Mrs. Saunders, Aug. 20, 1974.
CAL DEATH AND POST-MORTEM: AML to CMM, Sept. 26, 1985; AML to ELCS, Oct. 9, 1974; “Tevi” quoted in Leigh Fenly, “L’s final home,” (Port Washington-Manhasset) Pennysaver, Oct. 5, 1981; Roselle Howell to “Dear Friends,” Apr. 6, 1974; Beverly Creamer, “The Death of a Hero—August, 1974,” quoted in Youngblood, Hana Coast, p. 78; LML to ASB, May 18, 1998; “L Dies of Cancer in Hawaii at the Age of 72,” NYT, Aug. 27, 1974, pp. 1, 17; “President Leads the Nation in Tribute to L,” NYT, Aug. 27, 1974, p. 17; Alden Whitman, “Daring L Attained the Unattainable with Historic Flight Across Atlantic,” NYT, Aug. 27, 1974, pp. 18–9; “Passing of a Hero,” NYT, Aug. 28, 1974, p. 30; “Burial Service for CAL” (U program), Aug. 26, 1974; “Graveside Prayers” (U program), Aug. 26, 1974; “Memorial Service for CAL” (U program), Aug. 27, 1974; Dan Carmichael, “L’s last flight,” (Honolulu) The Sunday Star-Bulletin & Advertiser, Sept. 1, 1974; AML to Dr. Milton Howell, Aug. 30, 1974; AOV, p. 402.