This list was compiled from the Establishment and Modification of National Forest Boundaries: A Chronological Record (1891–1973); the annual reports of the Division of Forestry (1886–1901); Bureau of Forestry (1902–1903); U.S. Geological Survey’sAnnual Reports (1897–1900); and my own additions.
NATIONAL FORESTS CREATED OR ENLARGED BY THEODORE ROOSEVELT, 1901–1909
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1. Luquillo (Puerto Rico), renamed El Yunque |
January 17, 1903 |
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2. White River (Colorado) |
May 21, 1904 |
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3. Sevier (Utah) |
January 17, 1906 |
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4. Wichita (Oklahoma) |
May 29, 1906 |
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5. Lolo (Montana) |
November 6, 1906 |
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6. Caribou (Idaho and Wyoming) |
January 15, 1907 |
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7. Colville (Washington) |
March 1, 1907 |
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8. Las Animas (Colorado and New Mexico) |
March 1, 1907 |
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9. Wenada (Oregon and Washington) |
March 1, 1907 |
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10. Olympic (Washington) |
March 2, 1907 |
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11. Manti (Utah) |
April 25, 1907 |
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12. Manzano (New Mexico) |
April 16, 1908 |
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13. Kansas (Kansas) |
May 15, 1908 |
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14. Minnesota (Minnesota) |
May 23, 1908 |
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15. Pocatello (Idaho and Utah) |
July 1, 1908 |
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16. Cache (Idaho and Utah) |
July 1, 1908 |
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17. Whitman (Oregon) |
July 1, 1908 |
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18. Malheur (Oregon) |
July 1, 1908 |
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19. Umatilla (Oregon) |
July 1, 1908 |
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20. Columbia (Washington) |
July 1, 1908 |
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21. Rainier (Washington) |
July 1, 1908 |
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22. Washington (Washington) |
July 1, 1908 |
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23. Chelan (Washington) |
July 1, 1908 |
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24. Snoqualmie (Washington) |
July 1, 1908 |
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25. Wenatchee (Washington) |
July 1, 1908 |
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26. Fillmore (Utah) |
July 1, 1908 |
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27. Nebo (Utah) |
July 1, 1908 |
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28. Lewis and Clark (Montana) |
July 1, 1908 |
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29. Blackfeet (Montana) |
July 1, 1908 |
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30. Flathead (Montana) |
July 1, 1908 |
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31. Kootenai (Montana) |
July 1, 1908 |
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32. Routt (Colorado) |
July 1, 1908 |
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33. Cabinet (Montana) |
July 1, 1908 |
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34. Hayden (Colorado and Wyoming) |
July 1, 1908 |
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35. Challis (Idaho) |
July 1, 1908 |
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36. Salmon (Idaho) |
July 1, 1908 |
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37. Clearwater (Idaho) |
July 1, 1908 |
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38. Coeur d’Alene (Idaho) |
July 1, 1908 |
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39. Pend d’Orielle (Idaho) |
July 1, 1908 |
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40. Kaniksu (Idaho and Washington) |
July 1, 1908 |
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41. Angeles (California) |
July 1, 1908 |
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42. San Luis (California) |
July 1, 1908 |
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43. Jemez (New Mexico) |
July 1, 1908 |
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44. Sundance (Wyoming) |
July 1, 1908 |
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45. Santa Barbara (California) |
July 1, 1908 |
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46. Weiser (Idaho) |
July 1, 1908 |
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47. Nez Perce (Idaho) |
July 1, 1908 |
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48. Idaho (Idaho) |
July 1, 1908 |
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49. Payette (Idaho) |
July 1, 1908 |
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50. Boise (Idaho) |
July 1, 1908 |
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51. Sawtooth (Idaho) |
July 1, 1908 |
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52. Lemhi (Idaho) |
July 1, 1908 |
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53. Siuslaw (Oregon) |
July 1, 1908 |
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54. Cheyenne (Wyoming) |
July 1, 1908 |
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55. Medicine Bow (Colorado), enlarged and |
July 1, 1908 |
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56. Cascade (Oregon) |
July 1, 1908 |
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57. Oregon (Oregon) |
July 1, 1908 |
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58. Umpqua (Oregon) |
July 1, 1908 |
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59. Siskiyou (Oregon) |
July 1, 1908 |
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60. Crater (California and Oregon) |
July 1, 1908 |
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61. Beartooth (Montana) |
July 1, 1908 |
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62. Holy Cross, Colorado |
July 1, 1908 |
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63. Targhee (Idaho and Wyoming) |
July 1, 1908 |
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64. Teton (Wyoming) |
July 1, 1908 |
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65. Wyoming (Wyoming) |
July 1, 1908 |
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66. Bonneville (Wyoming) |
July 1, 1908 |
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67. Absaroka (Montana) |
July 1, 1908 |
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68. Beaverhead (Montana) |
July 1, 1908 |
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69. Madison (Montana) |
July 1, 1908 |
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70. Gallatin (Montana) |
July 1, 1908 |
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71. Deerlodge (Montana) |
July 1, 1908 |
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72. Helena (Montana) |
July 1, 1908 |
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73. Missoula (Montana) |
July 1, 1908 |
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74. Bitterroot (Idaho and Wyoming) |
July 1, 1908 |
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75. Ashley (Utah and Wyoming) |
July 1, 1908 |
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76. Uncompahgre (Colorado) |
July 1, 1908 |
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77. San Juan (Colorado) |
July 1, 1908 |
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78. Rio Grande (Colorado) |
July 1, 1908 |
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79. Pike (Colorado) |
July 1, 1908 |
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80. Montezuma (Colorado) |
July 1, 1908 |
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81. Leadville (Colorado) |
July 1, 1908 |
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82. Gunnison (Colorado) |
July 1, 1908 |
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83. Cochetopa (Colorado) |
July 1, 1908 |
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84. Arapaho (Colorado) |
July 1, 1908 |
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85. Battlement (Colorado) |
July 1, 1908 |
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86. Shoshone (Wyoming) |
July 1, 1908 |
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87. Uinta (Utah) |
July 1, 1908 |
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88. Crook (Arizona) |
July 1, 1908 |
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89. Coconino (Arizona) |
July 1, 1908 |
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90. Inyo (California) |
July 1, 1908 |
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91. Stanislaus (California) |
July 1, 1908 |
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92. Sierra (California) |
July 1, 1908 |
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93. Chiricahua (Arizona and New Mexico) |
July 1, 1908 |
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94. Coronado (Arizona) |
July 1, 1908 |
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95. Garces (Arizona) |
July 1, 1908 |
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96. Monterey (California) |
July 1, 1908 |
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97. San Isabel (Colorado) |
July 1, 1908 |
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98. Minidoka (Idaho and Utah) |
July 1, 1908 |
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99. Jefferson (Montana) |
July 1, 1908 |
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100. Custer (Montana) |
July 1, 1908 |
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101. Nebraska (Nebraska) |
July 1, 1908 |
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102. Wallowa (Oregon) |
July 1, 1908 |
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103. Fishlake (Utah) |
July 1, 1908 |
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104. La Salle (Utah) |
July 1, 1908 |
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105. Wasatch (Utah) |
July 1, 1908 |
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106. Powell (Utah) |
July 1, 1908 |
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107. Bighorn (Wyoming) |
July 1, 1908 |
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108. Kaibab (Arizona) |
July 1, 1908 |
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109. Deschutes (Oregon) |
July 14, 1908 |
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110. Fremont (Oregon) |
July 14, 1908 |
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111. Ocala (Florida) |
November 24, 1908 |
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112. Dakota (North Dakota) |
November 24, 1908 |
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113. Choctawhatchee (Florida) |
November 27, 1908 |
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114. Humboldt (Nevada) |
January 20, 1909 |
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115. Moapa (Nevada) |
January 21, 1909 |
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116. Cleveland (California) |
January 26, 1909 |
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117. Pecos (New Mexico) |
January 28, 1909 |
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118. Prescott (Arizona) |
February 1, 1909 |
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119. Calaveras Bigtree (California) |
February 8, 1909 |
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120. Tonto (Arizona) |
February 10, 1909 |
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121. Marquette (Michigan) |
February 10, 1909 |
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122. Nevada (Nevada) |
February 10, 1909 |
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123. Dixie (Arizona and Utah) |
February 10, 1909 |
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124. Michigan (Michigan) |
February 11, 1909 |
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125. Klamath (California and Oregon) |
February 13, 1909 |
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126. Superior (Minnesota) |
February 13, 1909 |
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127. Gila (New Mexico) |
February 15, 1909 |
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128. Black Hills (South Dakota and Wyoming) |
February 15, 1909 |
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129. Sioux (Montana and South Dakota) |
February 15, 1909 |
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130. Tongass (Alaska) |
February 16, 1909 |
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131. Toiyabe (Nevada) |
February 20, 1909 |
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132. Datil (New Mexico) |
February 23, 1909 |
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133. Chugach (Alaska) |
February 23, 1909 |
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134. Modoc (California) |
February 25, 1909 |
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135. Ozark (Arkansas) |
February 25, 1909 |
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136. California (California) |
February 25, 1909 |
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137. Arkansas (Arkansas) |
February 27, 1909 |
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138. Mono (California and Nevada) |
March 2, 1909 |
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139. Sitgreaves (Arizona) |
March 2, 1909 |
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140. Lincoln (New Mexico) |
March 2, 1909 |
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141. Shasta (California) |
March 2, 1909 |
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142. Alamo (New Mexico) |
March 2, 1909 |
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143. Carson (New Mexico) |
March 2, 1909 |
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144. Zuni (Arizona and New Mexico) |
March 2, 1909 |
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145. Trinity (California) |
March 2, 1909 |
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146. Apache (Arizona) |
March 2, 1909 |
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147. Lassen (California) |
March 2, 1909 |
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148. Plumas (California) |
March 2, 1909 |
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149. Tahoe (California) |
March 2, 1909 |
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150. Sequoia (California) |
March 2, 1909 |
FEDERAL BIRD RESERVATIONS CREATED BY THEODORE ROOSEVELT, AND ADMITTED BY THE BUREAU OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY, USDA
Most of Roosevelt’s bird reserves are now part of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife’s National Wildlife Refuge System (NWR) 1901–1909. Special thanks to William Reffalt, a U.S. Fish and Wildlife volunteer for helping compile this list.
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Name of Bird Reservation |
Date |
Status |
|
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1. Pelican Island (Florida) |
March 14, 1903 |
NWR |
|
|
enlarged |
January 26, 1909 |
||
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2. Breton Island (Louisiana) |
October 4, 1904 |
NWR |
|
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3. Stump Lake (North Dakota) |
March 9, 1905 |
NWR |
|
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4. Siskiwit Islands (Michigan) |
October 10, 1905 |
Natl. Park |
|
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5. Huron Islands (Michigan) |
October 10, 1905 |
NWR |
|
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6. Passage Key (Florida) |
October 10, 1905 |
NWR |
|
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7. Indian Key (Florida) |
February 10, 1906 |
No. Fed. Land |
|
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8. Tern Islands (Louisiana) |
August 8, 1907 |
No. Fed. Land |
|
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9. Shell Keys (Louisiana) |
August 17, 1907 |
NWR |
|
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10. Three Arch Rocks (Oregon) |
October 14, 1907 |
NWR |
|
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11. Flattery Rocks (Washington) |
October 23, 1907 |
NWR |
|
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12. Copalis Rock (Washington) |
October 23, 1907 |
NWR |
|
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13. Quillayute Needles (Washington) |
October 23, 1907 |
NWR |
|
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14. East Timbalier Island (Louisiana) |
December 7, 1907 |
No. Fed. Land |
|
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15. Mosquito Inlet (Florida) |
February 24, 1908 |
No. Fed. Land |
|
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16. Tortugas Keys (Florida) |
April 6, 1908 |
Nat’l. Park |
|
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17. Key West (Florida) |
August 8, 1908 |
NWR |
|
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18. Klamath Lake (Oregon and California) |
August 8, 1908 |
NWR |
|
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19. Lake Malheur (Oregon) |
August 18, 1908 |
NWR |
|
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20. Chase Lake (North Dakota) |
August 28, 1908 |
NWR |
|
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21. Pine Island (Florida) |
September 15, 1908 |
NWR |
|
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22. Matlacha Pass (Florida) |
September 26, 1908 |
NWR |
|
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23. Palma Sole (Florida) |
September 26, 1908 |
No. Fed. Land |
|
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24. Island Bay (Florida) |
October 23, 1908 |
NWR |
|
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25. Loch Katrine (Wyoming) |
October 26, 1908 |
No Fed. Land |
|
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26. Hawaiian Islands |
February 3, 1909 |
NWR |
|
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27. Salt River (Arizona) |
February 25, 1909 |
Bur. Reel. |
|
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28. East Park (California) |
February 25, 1909 |
Impt. Reel. |
|
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29. Deer Flat (Idaho) |
February 25, 1909 |
NWR |
|
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30. Willow Creek (Montana) |
February 25, 1909 |
Other NWR |
|
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31. Carlsbad (New Mexico) |
February 25, 1909 |
Bur. Reel. |
|
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32. Rio Grande (New Mexico) |
February 25, 1909 |
Bur. Recl. |
|
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33. Cold Springs (Oregon) |
February 25, 1909 |
NWR |
|
|
34. Belle Fourche (South Dakota) |
February 25, 1909 |
Impt. Recl. |
|
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35. Strawberry Valley (Utah) |
February 25, 1909 |
No. Fed. Land |
|
|
36. Keechelus (Washington) |
February 25, 1909 |
Bur. Recl. |
|
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37. Kachess (Washington) |
February 25, 1909 |
Bur. Recl. |
|
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38. Clealum (Washington) |
February 25, 1909 |
Bur. Recl. |
|
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39. Bumping Lake (Washington) |
February 25, 1909 |
Bur. Recl. |
|
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40. Conconully (Washington) |
February 25, 1909 |
Impt. Recl. |
|
|
41. Pathfinder (Wyoming) |
February 25, 1909 |
NWR |
|
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42. Shoshone (Wyoming) |
February 25, 1909 |
No Fed. Land |
|
|
43. Minidoka (Idaho) |
February 25, 1909 |
NWR |
|
|
44. Tuxedni (Alaska) |
February 27, 1909 |
Other NWR |
|
|
45. Saint Lazaria (Alaska) |
February 27, 1909 |
Other NWR |
|
|
46. Yukon Delta (Alaska) |
February 27, 1909 |
Other NWR |
|
|
47. Culebra (Puerto Rico) |
February 27, 1909 |
NWR |
|
|
48. Farallon (California) |
February 27, 1909 |
NWR |
|
|
49. Bering Sea (Alaska) |
February 27, 1909 |
Other NWR |
|
|
50. Pribilof (Alaska) |
February 27, 1909 |
Other NWR |
|
|
51. Bogoslof (Alaska) |
March 2, 1909 |
Other NWR |
Status Note: Other NWR means the original reservation has been absorbed into a larger NWR No. Fed. Land indicates valid state/private claims area eroded away completely, or reservoirs transferred to water users. Bur. Recl, indicates the Reclamation Project became more important than the secondary withdrawal for wildlife. Impt. Recl. indicates recreation became a dominant use and the refuge was revoked. (Code by Reffalt.)
NATIONAL GAME PRESERVES CREATED BY THEODORE ROOSEVELT, 1901–1909
1. Wichita Forest, Oklahoma—June 2, 1905. Land added May 29, 1906. This was the first federal game preserve.
2. Grand Canyon, Arizona—June 23, 1908. Note that the Grand Canyon also became a national monument in 1908.
3. Fire Island Moose Reservation, Alaska—February 27, 1909.
4. National Bison Range, Montana—March 4, 1909.
NATIONAL PARKS CREATED BY THEODORE ROOSEVELT, 1901–1909
1. Crater Lake National Park, Oregon—May 22, 1902.
2. Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota—January 9, 1903.
3. Sullys Hill, North Dakota—June 2, 1904; became a national game preserve in 1914.
4. Platt National Park, Oklahoma—June 29, 1906; now part of Chickasaw National Recreation Area.
5. Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado—June 29, 1906.
6. Dry Tortugas National Park—saved as a federal bird reservation it became a national monument in 1935 and then a national park on October 26, 1992.
Theodore Roosevelt National Park, near Medora, North Dakota, was established in 1947 as a memorial to the great “conservationist president.” Located in the Badlands of western North Dakota, where T.R. was a cattle rancher in the 1880s, Theodore Roosevelt National Park consists of three units with a total of about 110 square miles.
NATIONAL MONUMENTS CREATED BY THEODORE ROOSEVELT, 1901–1909
1. Devils Tower, Wyoming, September 24, 1906
2. El Morro, New Mexico, December 8, 1906
3. Montezuma Castle, Arizona, December 8, 1906
4. Petrified Forest, Arizona, December 8, 1906 (became a national park in 1962)
5. Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, March 11, 1907
6. Lassen Peak, California, May 6, 1907 (became part of Lassen Volcanic National Park in 1916)
7. Cinder Cone, California, May 6, 1907 (became part of Lassen Volcanic National Park in 1916)
8. Gila Cliff Dwellings, New Mexico, November 16, 1907
9. Tonto, Arizona, December 19, 1907
10. Muir Woods, California, January 9, 1908
11. Grand Canyon, Arizona, January 11, 1908 (became an enlarged national park in 1919)
12. Pinnacles, California, January 16, 1908
13. Jewel Cave, South Dakota, February 7, 1908
14. Natural Bridges, Utah, April 16, 1908
15. Lewis and Clark, Montana, May 11, 1908 (later given to the Forest Service, in 1950)
16. Tumacacori, Arizona, September 15, 1908
17. Wheeler, Colorado, December 7, 1908 (transferred to the Forest Service in 1950)
18. Mount Olympus, Washington, March 2, 1909 (now part of Olympic National Park)