Lincoln was visibly unsettled…his presidential race: Entry for October 14, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 470.
Civil liberties was also…instituted conscription: William C. Davis, Look Away! A History of the Confederate States of America (New York: Free Press, 2002), pp. 174–76, 226.
Toombs accused…“tide of despotism”: Burton J. Hendrick, Statesmen of the Lost Cause: Jefferson Davis and His Cabinet (New York: Literary Guild of America, 1939), p. 417.
concerned about Ohio: Waugh, Reelecting Lincoln, pp. 14–15.
Lincoln was disheartened…“to the country”: Entry for October 14, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 470.
In Pennsylvania…“of the United States”: McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, p. 685.
the Woodward campaign…“voice & my vote”: GBM to Charles J. Biddle, October 12, 1863, in Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan, p. 559.
took steps to ensure…return home to vote: Waugh, Reelecting Lincoln, p. 16.
If the president granted…Union ticket: SPC, “Going Home to Vote,” p. 22; Niven, Salmon P. Chase, p. 336.
the journalist Whitelaw Reid: Niven, Salmon P. Chase, p. 336; Hendrick, Lincoln’s War Cabinet, p. 401.
Chase in Columbus…“misfortunes averted”: SPC, “Going Home to Vote,” p. 4.
“I come not to speak…and without exceptions”: Ibid., pp. 5, 13.
In public squares…“turn to Ohio”: Daily Ohio State Journal, Columbus, Ohio, October 13, 1863; SPC, “Going Home to Vote,” p. 8 (quote).
begged his audiences…“sixty-five days in the year”: SPC, “Going Home to Vote,” p. 8.
Lincoln took up his usual post: Waugh, Reelecting Lincoln, p. 14.
a welcome telegram…was counted: SPC to AL, October 14, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
By 5 a.m…. to 100,000: Browne, The Every-Day Life of Abraham Lincoln, p. 603; Waugh, Reelecting Lincoln, p. 14.
“Glory to God…saved the Nation”: Browne, The Every-Day Life of Abraham Lincoln, p. 603.
“All honor…foe at the ballot-box”: EMS to John W. Forney, NYT, October 15, 1863.
found him “in good spirits”: Entry for October 14, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 470.
“No man knows…till he has had it”: AL, quoted in James B. Fry, in Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Time, ed. Allen Thorndike Rice (New York: North American Publishing Co., 1886), p. 390.
“all right”…a good secretary: AL, quoted in “18 October 1863, Sunday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 93.
“I’m afraid…of the presidency”: Entry for October 17, 1863, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 310.
“That visit to the west…saved my country”: Entry for October 20, 1863, in ibid., p. 311.
“it is of the nature…with its victim”: Edward Bates to James O. Broadhead, October 24, 1863, Broadhead Papers, MoSHi.
had “warped”…party behind him: Entry for August 22, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 413.
were moderate compared to the scathing indictments: See Smith, The Francis Preston Blair Family in Politics, Vol. II, pp. 234–37.
“I little imagined…me deeply”: SPC to Edward D. Mansfield, October 18, 1863, reel 29, Chase Papers.
“The late election”…unfit for active duty: James H. Baker to SPC, November 7, 1863, reel 29, Chase Papers.
“To him, more than…system of slavery”: Liberator, November 13, 1863.
Liberator maintained…“again acting President”: Liberator, November 13, 1863.
the relationship between the two…“gave it new light”: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 197.
“They say, Mr. President…as a Governor”: WHS and AL, quoted in ibid., pp. 193–94.
a proclamation…“tranquillity and Union”: AL, “Proclamation of Thanksgiving,” October 3, 1863, in CW, VI, p. 497 (quote); Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 194.
Lincoln told Nicolay…“whole of that letter”: December 8, 1863 memorandum, container 3, Nicolay Papers.
Seward assured Lincoln…“will collapse”: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 196.
Seward left for Auburn…short periods of time: See Seward family correspondence in October 1863 on reels 112, 114, and 115 of Seward Papers, and FAS to Anna (Wharton) Seward, November 17, 1863, reel 115, Seward Papers.
The previous spring…his intelligence safely: William H. Seward, Jr., “Reminiscences of Lincoln,” Magazine of History 9 (February 1909), pp. 105–06.
he delivered a speech…“will perish with it”: WHS, quoted in Williams, Lincoln and the Radicals, p. 301.
“as in religion…whole United States”: WHS, quoted in Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 195.
arousing the wrath…“always be open to him”: WHS, quoted in Williams, Lincoln and the Radicals, p. 301.
Lincoln telegraphed…“How is your son?”: AL to WHS, November 3, 1863, in CW, VI, p. 562.
“Thanks…majority in the state”: WHS to AL, November 3, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
a 30,000 majority: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 195.
“the Copperhead…and humbled”: “8 November 1863, Sunday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 109.
invitations to the Chase-Sprague wedding: See Niven, Salmon P. Chase, p. 342.
a diamond tiara worth $50,000: Ibid., p. 343.
“about the bridal trousseau…Millionaire Wedding”: NYT, November 18, 1863.
“to realize”…undivided attention: SPC to William Sprague, October 31, 1863, reel 29, Chase Papers.
Sprague reassured Chase…“and generation”: William Sprague to SPC, November 4, 1863, reel 29, Chase Papers.
Hay recounted…The Pearl of Savoy: “22 October 1863, Thursday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 98.
The play revolves…Marie goes mad: Gaetano Donizetti, The Pearl of Savoy: A Domestic Drama in Five Acts. French’s Standard Drama. Acting Edition No. 337 (New York: S. French, [1864?]). The Pearl of Savoy was an adaptation of Donizetti’s Linda de Chamounix.
“was a coldly calculated…father and politics”: See J. P. Cullen, “Kate Chase: Petticoat Politician,” Civil War Times Illustrated 2 (May 1963), p. 15.
“in her eyes…upon her affections”: Perrine, “The Dashing Kate Chase,” Ladies’ Home Journal (1901), p. 11.
“wholly innocent…several millions”: Daily Eagle, Brooklyn, N.Y., November 14, 1863.
“Miss Kate has…sufficient for both”: Entry for May 19, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 306.
Henry Adams…as Jephthah’s daughter: Ross, Proud Kate, p. 121. The tale of Jephthah’s daughter is in Judges 11:30–40.
“Memory has been busy…found a lodgment there”: KCS diary, November 11, 1868, Sprague Papers.
In the hours before…proceeded inside: Daily Morning Chronicle, Washington, D.C., November 13, 1863.
Monty Blair, who refused…“of the occasion”: EBL to SPL, November 12, [1863], in Wartime Washington, ed. Laas, p. 319.
Lord Lyons…and Robert C. Schenck: Daily Morning Chronicle, Washington, D.C., November 13, 1863; Perrine, “The Dashing Kate Chase,” Ladies’ Home Journal (1901), pp. 11–12; “12 November 1863, Thursday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 111.
“Much anxiety”…and without Mrs. Lincoln: Daily Morning Chronicle, Washington, D.C., November 13, 1863.
“bow in reverence…Chase & daughter”: MTL to Simon Cameron, June 16, [1866], in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 370.
Mary’s absence…“presidential party”: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, pp. 260–61.
“a gorgeous white velvet”…specifically for the occasion: Daily Morning Chronicle, Washington, D.C., November 13, 1863 (quote); Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 261; Ross, Proud Kate, p. 140.
“Chase was…newly made wife”: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 261.
A lavish meal…midnight: Daily Morning Chronicle, Washington, D.C., November 13, 1863.
“a very brilliant…had arrived”: “12 November 1863, Thursday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 111.
The young couple left the next morning: NYT, November 18, 1863.
“Your letter…how welcome it was”: SPC to KCS, November 18, 1863, reel 29, Chase Papers.
“My heart is full…perfect honor & good faith”: SPC to William Sprague, November 26, 1863, reel 30, Chase Papers.
He had been asked…would speak: David Wills to AL, November 2, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
Lincoln told his cabinet…could not spare the time: Entry for December 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 480; SPC to KCS, November 18, 1863, reel 29, Chase Papers; entry for November 19, 1863, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 316.
“extremely busy…public expectation”: Lamon, Recollections of Abraham Lincoln, p. 173.
Stanton had arranged…“the gauntlet”: AL to EMS, [November 17, 1863], in CW, VII, p. 16 and note.
The day before…“half of his speech”: James Speed quoted in John G. Nicolay, “Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address,” Century 47 (February 1894), p. 597.
Various accounts suggest…“a makeshift desk”: George D. Gitt, quoted in Wilson, Intimate Memories of Lincoln, p. 476.
Others swear…on an envelope: See Garry Wills, Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992), p. 27.
Nicolay…and humorous stories: Nicolay, “Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address,” Century (1894), p. 601.
he was escorted…and Edward Everett: David Wills to AL, November 1, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
“All the hotels…of Gettysburgh immortal”: NYT, November 21, 1863.
He came to the door…“say nothing at all”: AL, “Remarks to Citizens of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania,” November 18, 1863, in CW, VI, pp. 16–17.
Lincoln sent a servant: Frank L. Klement, “The Ten Who Sat in the Front Row on the Platform During the Dedication of the Soldiers’ Cemetery at Gettysburg,” Lincoln Herald 88 (Winter 1985), p. 108.
A telegram arrived…Tad was better: EMS to AL, November 18 and 19, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
the crowd surged over…“part of the human race”: WHS, quoted in Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 201 (quote); NYT, November 21, 1863.
the convivial secretary…“men of this generation”: Entry for November 22, 1863, in French, Witness to the Young Republic, p. 434.
He wanted to talk…and retiring: Klement, “The Ten Who Sat,” Lincoln Herald (1985), p. 108; Wills, Lincoln at Gettysburg, p. 31; entry for November 22, 1863, in French, Witness to the Young Republic, p. 434.
The huge, boisterous crowd…“thousand more”: Entry for November 22, 1863, in French, Witness to the Young Republic, p. 434.
made his final revisions: Nicolay, “Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address,” Century (1894), pp. 601, 602.
a chestnut horse…three cabinet officers: Sandburg, Abraham Lincoln: The War Years, Vol. II, p. 466.
Seward, riding…“homemade gray socks”: Henry Clay Cochrane, quoted in ibid.
An audience…between Everett and Seward: Klement, “The Ten Who Sat,” Lincoln Herald (1985), p. 106.
“leaned from one side…of his right hand”: Gitt, quoted in Wilson, Intimate Memories of Lincoln, p. 478.
Another member…to his pocket: Monaghan, Diplomat in Carpet Slippers, p. 341.
“could not be surpassed by mortal man”: Entry for November 22, 1863, in French, Witness to the Young Republic, p. 435.
“Seldom has a man…not like an orator”: Klement, “The Ten Who Sat,” Lincoln Herald (1985), p. 108.
“flutter and motion…an empty house”: Gitt, quoted in Wilson, Intimate Memories of Lincoln, p. 478.
steel-rimmed spectacles…at his pages: Sandburg, Abraham Lincoln: The War Years, Vol. II, p. 468.
“He had spent…supreme principle”: Wills, Lincoln at Gettysburg, p. 120.
“all this quibbling…created equal”: AL, “Speech at Chicago, Illinois,” July 10, 1858, in CW, II, p. 501.
“the central idea…govern themselves”: AL, quoted in “7 May 1861, Tuesday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 20.
“Four score and seven…shall not perish from the earth”: AL, “Address Delivered at the Dedication of the Cemetery at Gettysburg, November 19, 1863; Edward Everett Copy,” in CW, VII, p. 21.
“the assemblage…there came applause”: Gitt, quoted in Wilson, Intimate Memories of Lincoln, p. 479.
he turned to Ward Lamon…“disappointed”: Lamon, Recollections of Abraham Lincoln, p. 173.
“I should be glad…in two minutes”: Edward Everett to AL, November 20, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
Zachariah Chandler…tardiness on emancipation: Bruce Tap, “Chandler, Zachariah,” in Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, ed. Heidler and Heidler, pp. 398–99.
“Your president…& hold him”: Zachariah Chandler to Lyman Trumbull, quoted in Williams, Lincoln and the Radicals, p. 179.
Having read in the press…“buried three days”: Zachariah Chandler to AL, November 15, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
“My dear Sir…wreck the country’s cause”: AL to Zachariah Chandler, November 20, 1863, in CW, VII, pp. 23–24.
a mild case of smallpox: Entry for December 2, 1863, in French, Witness to the Young Republic, p. 439; entry for December 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 480.
“Yes, it is a bad…that calls”: NYT, December 18, 1863.
“the greatest question…practical statesmanship”: “31 July 1863, Friday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 69.
everyone assumed…of his divided party: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 271.
John Hay was present…“highly satisfactory”: “[9 December 1863, Wednesday],” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, pp. 121–22.
Radicals were thrilled…“acts of Congress”: AL, “Annual Message to Congress,” December 8, 1863, in CW, VII, p. 51.
“He makes Emancipation…of reconstruction”: CS to Orestes A. Brownson, December 27, 1863, in Selected Letters of Charles Sumner, Vol. II, p. 216.
“God bless Old Abe…in the President”: “[9 December 1863, Wednesday],” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 122.
had written a letter to Nathaniel Banks…“included in the plan”: AL to Nathaniel P. Banks, in CW, VI, p. 365.
He offered full pardons…remain as they were: AL, “Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction,” December 8, 1863, in CW, VII, pp. 54–56.
Conservatives hailed…as it wished: EBL to SPL, December 8, 1863, in Wartime Washington, ed. Laas, p. 325.
“theory is identical…different nomenclature”: CS to Orestes A. Brownson, December 27, 1863, in Selected Letters of Charles Sumner, Vol. II, pp. 216–17.
Lincoln assured…“otherwise would”: AL, “Annual Message to Congress,” December 8, 1863, in CW, VII, p. 52.
would devastate Confederate morale: Foner, Reconstruction, pp. 36–37.
When the Blairs…“of modern times”: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 273.
“is the great man…clearly than anybody”: “[9 December 1863, Wednesday],” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 122.
Judd called…“was Mr. Chase”: Norman Judd and AL, quoted in “[9 December 1863, Wednesday],” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 124.
Chase had obstinately…perpetuate emancipation: SPC to AL, November 25, 1863, Lincoln Papers.
“more positive…is not to be had”: SPC to Henry Ward Beecher, December 26, 1863, reel 30, Chase Papers.
he detected a more hopeful…surprisingly well: AL, “Annual Message to Congress,” December 8, 1863, in CW, VII, pp. 49–50.
invited his sister-in-law…“and left him alone”: David Davis, quoted in Daily Picayune, New Orleans, March 14, 1897.
Emilie had been living…through Union lines: Helm, The True Story of Mary, p. 220.
“I am totally at a loss…secure a pass?”: John L. Helm to Mrs. Robert S. Todd, October 11, 1863, quoted in ibid., p. 219.
Lincoln personally issued…“to Kentucky”: AL to Lyman B. Todd, October 15, 1863, in CW, VII, p. 517.
When Emilie arrived…explaining the dilemma: Helm, The True Story of Mary, pp. 220–21.
“Send her to me”: AL, quoted in ibid., p. 221.
was received at the White House…Confederate Army: Emilie Todd Helm diary [hereafter Helm diary], quoted in ibid., pp. 221–22.
“Often the boundaries…chose sides”: John W. Shaffer, Clash of Loyalties: A Border County in the Civil War (Morgantown: West Virginia University Press, 2003), p. 2.
they carefully avoided mention…“into other channels”: Helm diary, quoted in Helm, The True Story of Mary, p. 224.
Mary did her utmost: Helm diary, quoted in ibid., pp. 222–23.
“He comes to me…most of the time”: MTL, quoted in Helm diary, in ibid., p. 227.
“the scape-goat…thrill in her voice”: MTL, quoted in Helm diary, in ibid., pp. 225, 227.
he confided her presence…“it known”: Entry for December 14, 1863, in Browning, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, Vol. I, p. 651.
invited Emilie to join them: Helm, The True Story of Mary, p. 228.
Lincoln had personally…restore his spirits: Edgcumb Pinchon, Dan Sickles: Hero of Gettysburg and “Yankee King of Spain” (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1945), pp. 203–04.
Mary also considered…merriment: MTL to Sally Orne, [December 12, 1869], in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, pp. 533–34.
Senator Harris turned…“and Manassas”: Helm diary, quoted in Helm, The True Story of Mary, p. 229.
Mary’s face “turned…assistance in the matter”: Helm diary, quoted in ibid., pp. 227, 229–31.
prompted Emilie to leave: Helm diary, quoted in ibid., p. 231.
“Oh, Emilie…hideous nightmare?”: MTL, quoted in Helm diary, ibid., p. 226.
he took Nicolay and Hay…about the play: “[18 December 1863],” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 128; Daily Morning Chronicle, Washington, D.C., December 19, 1863.
“in fine spirits”: Entry for December 15, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 485.
returned to Ford’s…Bayard Taylor: “[18 December 1863],” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 128; Daily Morning Chronicle, Washington, D.C., December 18 and 19, 1863.
a peculiarly pleasant dream…the next day: “23 December 1863,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 132.
Seward entertained…“cloud of smoke”: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 206.
Bates’s children: See introduction, entries for May 28; June 5 and 20; July 1; November 15, 22, 25, and 30; December 16, 19 and 22, 1863, The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, pp. xv–xvi, 294, 295, 299, 315, 319, 320–21, 323.
After forty years…word against him: Entry for September 4, 1863, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 306.
he attended a funeral…“and die soon”: Entry for December 25, 1863, in ibid., p. 324.
Edgar’s return…“on earth forever”: Entry for December 25, 1863, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 494.
“The year closes…the future than now”: Entry for December 31, 1863, ibid., pp. 499–500.
the birth of a new baby girl…baptismal celebration: EMS to SPC, December 30, 1863, reel 30, Chase Papers.
He shared with the men…“guests of the nation”: NYT, December 29, 1863.
Lincoln invited Stanton…Point Lookout: AL to EMS, December 26, 1863, in CW, VII, p. 95 (quote); NYTrib, December 29, 1863.
He had heard that…Confederate strongholds: Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 309; “28 December 1863, Monday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 134.
“Oh! dying year!…brighter hopes dawn”: Entry for December 31, 1863, in Adam Gurowski, Diary: 1863–’64–’65, Vol. III. Burt Franklin: Research & Source Works #229 (Washington, D.C., 1866; New York: Burt Franklin, 1968), p. 57.
“a tall…polish of appearance”: Entry for February 24, 1861, Charles Francis Adams diary, reel 76.
“sphere of civilization”: Entry for March 8, 1861, Charles Francis Adams diary, reel 76.
no “heroic qualities”: Entry for February 21, 1861, Charles Francis Adams diary, reel 76.
“not equal…of his position”: Entry for August 16, 1861, Charles Francis Adams diary, reel 76.
At a festive dinner…“to one great purpose”: Charles Francis Adams, quoted in NR, February 2, 1864.
“foremost American…in his time”: “Lowell, James Russell,” in Dictionary of American Biography, Vol. VI, ed. Dumas Malone (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1933), p. 458.
“Never did a President…still in wild water”: James Russell Lowell, “The President’s Policy,” North American Review 98 (January 1864), pp. 241–43, 249, 254–55.
“very excellent…over-much credit”: Entry for January 5, 1864, Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), p. 504.