“he was in mind…all-sufficing strength”: Hay, “Life in the White House in the Time of Lincoln,” Century (1890), p. 37.
“a tired spot”: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 161.
avoid the thousands…“Egyptian locusts”: JGN to TB, March 5, 1865, in Nicolay, With Lincoln in the White House, p. 175.
“The bare thought…crush me”: AL, quoted in Carpenter, Six Months at the White House, p. 276.
“they don’t want…must see them”: AL, quoted in Hay, “Life in the White House in the Time of Lincoln,” Century (1890), p. 33.
“I think now…nineteen enemies”: AL, quoted in Carpenter, Six Months at the White House, p. 276.
hope that consul…wished to help: AL to WHS, March 6, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 337.
“at all times…of public trusts”: AL to Winfield Scott and others, March 1, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 327.
Fessenden had been assured…“with regret”: Fessenden, Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden, Vol. I, pp. 365, 367 (quote).
“I desire gratefully…this great people”: William Pitt Fessenden to AL, quoted in Fessenden, Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden, Vol. I, p. 366.
he was nervous…“never sorry”: Hugh McCulloch, Men and Measures of Half a Century: Sketches and Comments (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1888; 1900), pp. 193–94.
intended to replace Usher: “Usher, John Palmer,” in Neely, The Abraham Lincoln Encyclopedia, p. 317.
Hay was particularly adept…“his influence”: William Leete Stone, quoted by Michael Burlingame, in introduction to Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. xiii.
Nicolay functioned…and New York: Donald, “We Are Lincoln Men,” p. 209.
Hay was chosen…reconstruction of Florida: “Hay, John Milton,” in Neely, The Abraham Lincoln Encyclopedia, p. 149.
had come to believe…“the hand of God”: JH to JGN, August 7, 1863, in Hay, At Lincoln’s Side, p. 49 (quote); “Hay, John Milton,” in Neely, The Abraham Lincoln Encyclopedia, p. 149.
If the “patent…blinking eyes”: JH to WHH, September 5, 1866, in HI, p. 332.
contemplating the purchase of a newspaper: Nicolay, Lincoln’s Secretary, p. 224.
Mary had enlisted…Noah Brooks: Anson G. Henry to his wife, March 13, 1865, in Concerning Mr. Lincoln, comp. Pratt, p. 117.
tried to talk…any such discussion: JGN to TB, quoted in Nicolay, Lincoln’s Secretary, p. 223.
Seward found…dissenting vote: NR, quoted in ibid., p. 224.
position paid…start married life: JGN to TB, March 12, 1865, quoted in ibid., p. 225.
Hay had recognized…“personal preeminence”: “Hay’s Reminiscences of the Civil War,” in Hay, At Lincoln’s Side, p. 129.
arranged for Hay…for another month: JH to Charles Hay, March 31, 1865, in Hay, At Lincoln’s Side, p. 103.
“It will be…at the same time”: JGN to TB, quoted in Nicolay, Lincoln’s Secretary, p. 227.
“We are having…laid aside”: MTL to Abram Wakeman, March 20, [1865], in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, pp. 205–06.
note to Sumner…“familiar to me”: MTL to CS, March 23, 1865, in ibid., p. 209.
“an emotional temperament…heart would break”: Helm, The True Story of Mary, p. 32.
an incident…“giving me up the key”: Carpenter, Six Months at the White House, pp. 91–92.
“so full of life…little sprite”: NYTrib, July 17, 1871.
Grant had issued…“to be asked”: The Personal Memoirs of Julia Dent Grant (Mrs. Ulysses S. Grant), ed. John Y. Simon (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1975), p. 141.
“Can you not…would do you good”: USG to AL, March 20, 1865, Lincoln Papers.
Fox was not happy…“making the journey”: John S. Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington to Richmond in 1865,” Part 1, Appleton’s 9 (June 1907), p. 519.
ordered John Barnes…“very funny terms”: Ibid., pp. 517–20.
presidential party…Wharf at Sixth Street: Entry for March 23, 1865, in Lincoln Day by Day, Vol. III, p. 322.
Stanton had been laid up…minutes after: Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 350.
“a hurricane swept over the city”: Star, February 15, 1896.
“terrific squalls…and its driver”: NYH, March 24, 1865.
“while down the river…great violence”: Star, February 15, 1896.
Stanton went…“at Point Lookout”: EMS to AL, March 23, 1865, Lincoln Papers.
Tad raced around…“delicious fish”: William H. Crook, “Lincoln as I Knew Him,” Harper’s Monthly 115 (May/June 1907), p. 46.
“Feeling so… loved so well”: MTL to Francis B. Carpenter, November 15, [1865], in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 284.
“it was after…headquarters at the top”: Crook, “Lincoln as I Knew Him,” Harper’s Monthly (1907), p. 46.
Robert Lincoln…“was awaiting”: Personal Memoirs of Julia Dent Grant, p. 142.
men went into…talked late into the night: Crook, “Lincoln as I Knew Him,” Harper’s Monthly (1907), pp. 46, 47.
While the Lincolns…original line: Shelby Foote, The Civil War: A Narrative. Vol. III: Red River to Appomattox (New York: Random House, 1958; New York: Vintage Books, 1986), pp. 838, 840–45.
walked up the bluff…“ruin of homes”: Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington to Richmond in 1865,” Part 1, Appleton’s (1907), pp. 521–22.
“I am here…states—1600”: AL to EMS, March 25, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 374.
Stanton replied…“‘further off’”: EMS to AL, March 25, 1865, Lincoln Papers.
Lincoln’s presence…“of their triumphs”: NYH, March 28, 1865.
Lincoln seemed…“anecdotes”: Porter, Campaigning with Grant, p. 407.
“Mr. President…old grudge against England to stand”: USG and AL, quoted in Porter, Campaigning with Grant, pp. 408–9.
Porter’s naval flotilla…“Come along!”: Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington to Richmond in 1865,” Part 1, Appleton’s (1907), pp. 522–23.
ambulance carrying…“ark of refuge”: Porter, Campaigning with Grant, pp. 413–14 (quotes p. 414).
saw the attractive…“shocked and horrified”: Adam Badeau, quoted in Foote, The Civil War, Vol. III, p. 847.
“was always that…impressed by it”: John S. Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington to Richmond in 1865,” Part II, Appleton’s (1907), p. 743.
had no desire…irrational outburst: Randall, Mary Lincoln, pp. 372–74.
Sherman was on his way…final push: William T. Sherman to Isaac N. Arnold, November 28, 1872, in Arnold, The Life of Abraham Lincoln, p. 421.
“their hands locked”…River Queen: Porter, Campaigning with Grant, pp. 417–18, 419.
greeted Sherman…depend upon the actions: William T. Sherman to Isaac N. Arnold, November 28, 1872, in Arnold, The Life of Abraham Lincoln, pp. 421–22.
long talk with Lincoln…“their shops”: Sherman, Memoirs of General W. T. Sherman, p. 682.
“Let them have…to the laws”: AL, quoted in David D. Porter, Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1886), p. 314.
privately wished…“goodness, than any other”: Sherman, Memoirs of General W. T. Sherman, pp. 682–83.
walked to the railroad…“bless you all!”: AL, quoted in Porter, Campaigning with Grant, pp. 425–26.
“I think…the wisest course”: Entry for March 30, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, p. 269.
“We presume…palpable to be doubted”: NYTrib, March 30, 1865.
“change of air & rest”: MTL to CS, March 23, 1865, in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 209.
“to escape the…pressure of visitors”: Philadelphia Inquirer, March 24, 1865.
underscore his directive…“own hands”: EMS to USG, March 3, 1865, CW, VIII, pp. 330–31.
“I begin to feel…little had been done”: AL to EMS, March 30, 1865, ibid., p. 377.
“I hope you will…All well here”: EMS to AL, March 31, 1865, ibid., p. 378 n1.
accompanied Mary…was well: Entry for April 1, 1865, in Lincoln Day by Day, Vol. III, p. 324; Randall, Mary Lincoln, p. 374.
“overwhelmingly charming…astounding person”: Carl Schurz to his wife, April 2, 1865, in Schurz, Intimate Letters of Carl Schurz, 1841–1869, pp. 326–27.
“the flash of the cannon…in his that night”: Through Five Administrations: Reminiscences of Colonel William H. Crook, Body-Guard to President Lincoln, ed. Margarita Spalding Gerry (New York and London: Harper & Brothers, 1910), p. 47.
broken through Petersburg’s…and Richmond: Foote, The Civil War, Vol. III, pp. 876–80.
Lincoln received…“12,000 prisoners”: AL to MTL, April 2, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 384.
Lincoln had moved…“a foot sideways”: AL, quoted in Porter, Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War, pp. 284–85.
“a comfortable…yard in front”: Porter, Campaigning with Grant, p. 449.
battlefields, littered…“lines of sadness”: Through Five Administrations, ed. Gerry, p. 48.
“dismounted in the street”…strolled by: Porter, Campaigning with Grant, pp. 450, 451.
Grant surmised…“and cut him off”: Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, p. 559.
back at City Point…“nightmare is gone”: AL, quoted in Porter, Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War, p. 294.
in his customary pew…“retreating that evening”: Davis, Jefferson Davis, p. 603; Jefferson Davis to Varina Davis, quoted in Robert McElroy, Jefferson Davis: The Unreal and the Real (New York and London: Harper & Brothers, 1937; New York: Smithmark, 1995), p. 454 (quote).
“Thereupon…all eyes in the house”: NYTrib, April 8, 1865.
Summoning his cabinet…west to Danville: Davis, Jefferson Davis, p. 604.
small fire…“three-quarters of a mile”: Charles A. Dana to EMS, April 6, 1865, OR, Ser. 1, Vol. XLVI, Part III, p. 594.
All the public buildings…were destroyed: NYTrib, April 8, 1865.
leaving only…the Spotswood Hotel: Charles A. Dana to EMS, April 6, 1865, OR, Ser. 1, Vol. XLVI, Part III, p. 594.
“Here is…Richmond has fallen”: Bates, Lincoln in the Telegraph Office, pp. 360–61.
“spread by a thousand mouths”: Star, April 3, 1865.
“almost by magic…fullness of their joy”: Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, p. 219.
“wept as children…vows of friendship”: NYH, April 4, 1865.
crowd called for Stanton…“his emotion”: Star, February 15, 1896.
“gratitude to Almighty…with their blood”: EMS, quoted in Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, p. 220.
“so overcome by emotion…speak continuously”: Ibid.
Seward…“Secretary of War as this”: WHS, quoted in ibid., p. 221.
crowd erupted…“loud and lusty” cheers: NR, April 3, 1865.
“beaming” Stanton…“The Star Spangled Banner”: NYTrib, April 4, 1865.
“The demand seemed…press to supply”: Star, April 3, 1865.
One hundred Herald… section of the city: NYH, April 4, 1865.
EXTRA!…first to enter the city: NR, April 3, 1865.
eight hundred guns, fired at Stanton’s order: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 431.
dinner at Stanton’s house: Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 353.
“if there were to be…of the danger”: James Speed to Joseph H. Barrett, 1885 September 16, Lincoln Collection, Lincoln Miscellaneous Manuscripts, Box 9, Folder 66, Special Collections, Research Center, University of Chicago Library.
tried to keep Lincoln…“the same condition”: EMS to AL, April 3, 1865, Lincoln Papers.
Lincoln was already…Richmond the next day: AL to EMS, April 3, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 385.
At 8 a.m…. historic journey to Richmond: Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington to Richmond in 1865,” Part II, Appleton’s (1907), p. 746.
channel approaching…“and touched them”: Through Five Administrations, ed. Gerry, pp. 51–52.
“Here we were…well to be humble”: AL, quoted in Porter, Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War, pp. 294–95.
Lincoln was surrounded…“hereafter enjoy”: Ibid., p. 295.
men stood up…“and from the water-side”: Ibid., pp. 296–97.
crowd trailed Lincoln…easily visible: Ibid., p. 299.
“walking with his usual…in everything”: Thomas Thatcher Graves, “The Occupation,” Part II of “The Fall of Richmond,” in Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, Vol. IV, Pt. II, p. 727 (quote); Porter, Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War, p. 299; Through Five Administrations, ed. Gerry, p. 53.
Lincoln’s bodyguard…along the route: Through Five Administrations, ed. Gerry, p. 54.
occupied the stucco mansion…glass of water: Barnes, “With Lincoln from Washington to Richmond in 1865,” Part II, Appleton’s (1907), pp. 748–49.
bottle of whiskey…“condition for the Yankees”: Through Five Administrations, ed. Gerry, p. 55.
toured the mansion…“interested in everything”: Graves, “The Occupation,” in Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, Vol. IV, Pt. II, p. 728.
met with the members…troops from the war: J. G. Randall and Richard N. Current, Lincoln the President: The Last Full Measure, originally published as Vol. 4 of Lincoln the President (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1955; Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991), pp. 353–56; AL to Godfrey Weitzel, April 6, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 389.
Confederate statehouse…greatly relieved: Porter, Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War, pp. 302–03.
“nothing short of miraculous…go in peace”: Through Five Administrations, ed. Gerry, p. 54.
all the public buildings…“one blaze of glory”: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 434.
“the entire population…of lighted candles”: NR, April 5, 1865.
he told Welles…“schemes are his apology”: Entry for April 5, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, p. 275.
Fanny and her friend…horses bolted: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 270 (quote); entry for April 5, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” p. 867; NR, April 6, 1865.
“swinging the driver…a cat by the tail”: NR, April 6, 1865.
Fred and Seward jumped…consciousness: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 270 (quote); entry for April 5, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” pp. 867–68; Verdi, “The Assassination of the Sewards,” The Republic (1873), p. 290.
“The horses tore”…his broken body: Entry for April 5, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” pp. 867–68.
“blood streaming from his mouth”: Verdi, “The Assassination of the Sewards,” The Republic (1873), p. 290.
delirious with pain…his side for hours: Entry for April 5, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” pp. 868, 869.
Stanton sent…“presence here is needed”: EMS to AL, April 5, 1865, Lincoln Papers.
Lincoln advised Grant…return to Washington: AL to USG, April 6, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 388.
Mary and her invited…“arrive at City Point”: MTL to EMS, April 6, 1865, in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 214 (quote); Foote, The Civil War, Vol. III, p. 903; Keckley, Behind the Scenes, p. 163.
Stanton informed…“remaining at City Point”: EMS to MTL, April 6, 1865, Lincoln Papers.
he sent word…“clear and spirits good”: EMS to AL, April 6, 1865, Lincoln Papers.
Mary’s party arrived…bulletins, all positive: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,” Scribner’s (1893), p. 27.
“His whole appearance…had been attained”: James Harlan, quoted in Foote, The Civil War, Vol. III, P874 p. 903.
“it was impossible…much less of vanity”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,” Scribner’s (1893), p. 28.
telegram from Sheridan…“Lee will surrender”: Phil Sheridan to USG, quoted in AL to EMS, April 7, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 389.
“Let the thing be pressed”: AL to USG, April 7, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 392.
Julia Grant…“that we be not judged”: Personal Memoirs of Julia Dent Grant, p. 149; Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,” Scribner’s (1893), p. 33 (quote).
“he gave orders…the great oaks”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,” Scribner’s (1893), p. 29 (quote); Keckley, Behind the Scenes, p. 169.
“an old country…quiet place like this”: AL, quoted in Arnold, The Life of Abraham Lincoln, p. 435.
observed a turtle…shared “a happy laugh”: Keckley, Behind the Scenes, p. 170.
visited injured soldiers…“no more fighting”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,” Scribner’s (1893), pp. 30, 33–34.
came to say farewell…“floating palace”: Keckley, Behind the Scenes, pp. 171–72.
asked them to play…“upon literary subjects”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,” Scribner’s (1893), pp. 34, 35.
“a beautiful quarto…in his hands”: Edward L. Pierce, Memoir and Letters of Charles Sumner, Vol. IV (London: Sampson Low, Marston and Co., 1893), p. 235.
passages from Macbeth…touch him further: William Shakespeare, Macbeth, Scene II, in The Riverside Shakespeare, 2nd edn., Vol. II (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1997), p. 1373; Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,” Scribner’s (1893), p. 35.
“how true a description…the same scene”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,” Scribner’s (1893), p. 35.
ominous selection…“in continual dread”: Speed to Barrett, September 16, 1885, University of Chicago Library.
“that the people know…without fear”: AL, quoted in Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 395.
passed by Mount Vernon…“would again reappear”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,” Scribner’s (1893), pp. 35, 32.
He had observed…“in ruined Richmond”: Through Five Administrations, ed. Gerry, p. 59.
“It was in the evening…injuries and the shock”: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, pp. 271, 270.
his face “so marred…patient and uncomplaining”: FAS to LW, quoted in ibid., p. 271.
“The extreme sensitiveness…from the door”: Seward, ibid., p. 271.
Lincoln entered the room…“the end, at last”: WHS and AL, quoted in ibid., p. 271.
stretched out…“satisfied at the labor”: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 271; entry for April 9, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” p. 872 (quotes).
saw that Seward…got up and left the room: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 272.
telegram from Grant…“proposed by myself”: USG to EMS, April 9, 1865, OR, Ser. 1, Vol. XLVI, Part III, p. 663.
“the President hugged him with joy”: Star, February 15, 1896.
close to 10 p.m.…“first time in my life”: Entry for April 9, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” p. 871.
Both Grant and Lee…“dignified in defeat”: Jay Winik, April 1865: The Month That Saved America (New York: HarperCollins, 2001), p. 193.
Grant had sent a note…“effusion of blood”: USG to Robert E. Lee, April 7, 1865, OR, Ser. 1, Vol. XLVI, Part III, p. 619.
Lee refused to accept…ready to surrender: McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, p. 848.
dressed for the historic…“deep, red silk”: Douglas Southall Freeman, R. E. Lee: A Biography, Vol. IV (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1936), p. 118.
imprisoned before…“my best appearance”: Robert E. Lee, quoted in ibid., p. 118.
terms of surrender…“properly exchanged”: USG to Robert E. Lee, April 9, 1865, quoted in Grant, Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant, p. 581.
“the thought occurred to me”…twenty-five thousand men: Grant, Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant, pp. 581–83.
tried to speak…“tears came into his eyes”: Freeman, R. E. Lee, Vol. IV, p. 144.
“Men, we have fought…best I could for you”: Robert E. Lee, quoted in ibid.
“each side of…as ever, General Lee!”: Charles Blackford, quoted in ibid. pp. 146, 147.
“a great boom…laid down its arms”: Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, p. 223.
“The nation seems…terminates the Rebellion”: Entry for April 10, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, p. 278.
several thousand gathered…“people cheered”: National Intelligencer, Washington, D.C., April 11, 1865, quoted in CW, VIII, p. 393 n1.
planning a speech…“dribble it all out”: AL, “Response to Serenade,” National Intelligencer version, April 10, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 393.
If he said something…“not to make mistakes”: AL, “Response to Serenade,” NR version, April 10, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 394.
finally appeared…“waving their handkerchiefs”: NR, April 11, 1865.
“I am very greatly…with its performance”: AL, “Response to Serenade,” National Intelligencer version, April 10, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 393.
“it is good to show the rebels…hear it again”: Chambrun, “Personal Recollections of Mr. Lincoln,” Scribner’s (1893), p. 34.
band followed “Dixie”…“in high good-humor”: Through Five Administrations, ed. Gerry, p. 62 (quote); National Intelligencer, April 11, 1865, in CW, VIII, pp. 393–94 n1.
“If possible…than last Monday”: MTL to CS, April 10, 1865, in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 216.
exhilaration was evident…“qu’en pensez vous?”: MTL to CS, April 11, 1865, in ibid., p. 217.
Illuminated once again…miles around: Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, p. 225.
“Bonfires blazed…rockets were fired”: NYTrib, April 12, 1865.
decorating the front…“and evergreens”: Star, February 15, 1896.
a second-story window…“of a different character”: Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, pp. 226–27.
“the greatest question…practical statesmanship”: “31 July 1863, Friday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 69.
acknowledged that in Louisiana…“by smashing it?”: AL, “Last Public Address,” April 11, 1865, CW, VIII, pp. 403–04.
John Wilkes Booth…passion for the rebels’ cause: Lockridge, Darling of Misfortune, p. 111.
evolved a plan to kidnap…not ready to yield: Michael W. Kauffman, American Brutus: John Wilkes Booth and the Lincoln Conspiracies (New York: Random House, 2004), pp. 134, 211–12.
“Our cause being almost…great must be done”: Text of John Wilkes Booth diary, available through Abraham Lincoln research website, http://members/aol.com/RVSNorton1/Lincoln52.html (accessed May 2005).
Two other conspirators…“put him through”: John Wilkes Booth, quoted in Donald, Lincoln, p. 588.
Curiously…“God knows what is best”: Lamon, Recollections of Abraham Lincoln, pp. 116–18.
Fehrenbacher is persuasive…confused: Commentary on Lamon recollection, Recollected Words of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Fehrenbacher and Fehrenbacher, p. 293.
While radicals…control of the seceded states: Pierce, Memoir and Letters of Charles Sumner, Vol. IV, p. 236; SPC to AL, April 12, 1865, Lincoln Papers.
“a large majority of the people”: NYH, quoted in Harris, Lincoln’s Last Months, p. 216.
“Reunion…in the minds of men”: Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, p. 228.
“there must be…robber bands and guerillas”: Entry for April 13, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, p. 279.
Lincoln had hoped…“their own work”: Ibid.
“that to place…bring trouble with Congress”: A. E. H. Johnson, quoted in Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton, p. 272.
Stanton insisted…“absolutely null and void”: EMS, quoted in ibid., p. 271.
Speed expressed his accord…with Lincoln: Williams, “James and Joshua Speed,” p. 148.
confessed to Welles…tremendously: Gideon Welles, “Lincoln and Johnson,” Galaxy 13 (April 1872), p. 524.
“doubted the policy…correct it if he had”: Entry for April 13, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, pp. 279–80.
telegram from Campbell…originally discussed: John A. Campbell to Godfrey Weitzel, April 7, 1865, CW, VIII, pp. 407–08 n1.
Lincoln walked over…“any specific acts”: A. E. H. Johnson, quoted in Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton, p. 272.
Lincoln stood up…“safe-return to their homes”: AL to Godfrey Weitzel, April 12, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 407 (quote); EMS, in Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton, p. 271.
“that… was exactly right”: Ibid.
“As we reached…‘candles from my department’”: Personal Memoirs of Julia Dent Grant, pp. 153, 154.
received a delightful note…“drive with me!”: MTL to Mary Jane Welles, July 11, 1865, in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 257.
“We are rejoicing…glorious victories”: MTL to James Gordon Bennett, [April 13, 1865], in ibid., p. 219.
“charming time…into a lad of sixteen”: MTL to Abram Wakeman, April 13, [1865], in ibid., p. 220.
told Sumner…a visit with General Grant: MTL to CS, [April] 13, [1865], in ibid., p. 219.
“Well, my son…for a long while”: Keckley, Behind the Scenes, pp. 137–38.
Grant arrived…this event would be favorable: Entry for April 14, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, pp. 282–83.
Stanton had drafted…“asked me to read it”: EMS, quoted in Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton, p. 301.
cabinet concurred…two separate states: Entry for April 14, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, p. 281; Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. X (1890 edn.), p. 284.
“he thought it providential…harmony and union”: Gideon Welles, “Lincoln and Johnson,” Galaxy 13 (April 1872), p. 526.
“Didn’t our Chief…hair and whiskers”: Speed to Barrett, September 16, 1885, Lincoln Collection, University of Chicago Library.
Lincoln seemed “more cheerful…at home and abroad”: EMS to Charles Francis Adams, April 15, 1865, Telegrams Sent by the Secretary of War, Vol. 185–186, December 27, 1864–April 20, 1865, Telegrams Collected by the Office of the Secretary of War (Bound) (National Archives Microfilm Publication M-473, reel88), Records of the Office of the Secretary of War, RG 107, DNA.
“spoke very kindly…of the Confederacy”: EMS to John A. Dix, April 15, 1865, OR, Ser. 1, Vol. XLVI, Part III, p. 780.
“in marked degree…distinguished him”: EMS to Charles Francis Adams, April 15, 1865 (M-473, reel 88), RG 107, DNA.
“a conspicuous…best to let him run”: Dana, Recollection of the Civil War (1996 edn.), pp. 273–74.
She had never seen…“‘been very miserable’”: MTL to Francis B. Carpenter, November 15, [1865], in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, pp. 284–85.
“he spoke of his old…riding the circuit”: Arnold, The Life of Abraham Lincoln, pp. 429–30.
hoped to travel…back home to Illinois: MTL interview, [September 1866], in HI, p. 359; Randall, Mary Lincoln, p. 382.
group of old friends…“to dinner at once”: Tarbell, The Life of Abraham Lincoln, Vol. II (1900 edn.), p. 235.
met with Noah Brooks…“its pleasures”: AL, quoted in Hollister, Life of Schuyler Colfax, p. 252.
invited Colfax to join…that night: Ibid., p. 253.
“more hopeful…nearly so with gold”: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, p. 443.
Republican had announced…box that night: NR, April 14, 1865.
Julia Grant…asked to be excused: Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, p. 592; Personal Memoirs of Julia Dent Grant, p. 155.
The Stantons also declined: Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 395.
“unwilling to encourage…poker over his arm”: Bates, Lincoln in the Telegraph Office, p. 367.
“I suppose it’s time…would rather stay”: AL, quoted in Hollister, Life of Schuyler Colfax, p. 253.
“It has been advertised…disappoint the people”: AL, quoted in Through Five Administrations, p. 67.
Booth had devised a plan…assassinate the president: Kauffman, American Brutus, pp. 212–15.
Booth believed he would be…“greater tyrant”: Text of John Wilkes Booth diary, available through Abraham Lincoln research website, http://members/aol.com/RVSNorton1/Lincoln52.html (accessed May 2005).
“Booth knew…martyr of Caesar”: Kauffman, American Brutus, p. 212.
slept well the previous…“for the first time”: Entry for April 14, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” p. 876.
“listened with a look…the Cabinet meeting”: Seward, Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat, p. 258.
Fanny’s reading…how much he enjoyed it: Entry for April 14, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” p. 876.
Stanton had stopped by…serenading him: Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 396.
“quiet arrangements”…opposite side of the bed: Entry for April 14, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” p. 877.
“there seemed nothing unusual…presented himself”: Seward, Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat, p. 258.
Powell told the servant…but Fred refused: Verdi, “The Assassination of the Sewards,” The Republic (1873), p. 293.
“stood apparently irresolute…pulled the trigger”: Seward, Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat, p. 259.
last memory Fred would have…unconscious: Cincinnati [Ohio] Commercial, December 8, 1865.
Private Robinson…headed toward Seward: Charles F. Cooney, “Seward’s Savior: George F. Robinson,” Lincoln Herald (Fall 1973), p. 93.
begging him not to kill…“face bending over”: Entry for April 14, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” pp. 879–80.
large bowie knife…“loose on his neck”: Verdi, “The Assassination of the Sewards,” The Republic (1873), p. 291.
his only impressions…“overcoat is made of”: WHS, quoted in Cincinnati [Ohio] Commercial, December 8, 1865.
Fanny’s screams…the floor: Entry for April 14, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” p. 880.
managed to pull Powell away…the right hand: Verdi, “The Assassination of the Sewards,” The Republic (1873), p. 292.
Gus ran for his pistol…fled through the city: Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 279.
lifted Seward onto the bed…rooms on the parlor floor: Entry for April 14, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” pp. 882, 884.
“He looked like an…yes, of one man!”: Verdi, “The Assassination of the Sewards,” The Republic (1873), pp. 291–92.
Atzerodt had taken a room…“not to kill”: Donald, Lincoln, p. 596.
seated at the bar…and never returned: Winik, April 1865, p. 226.
had attended a dress rehearsal…Harry Ford: Kauffman, American Brutus, pp. 214, 217.
play had started…“with a smile and bow”: Charles A. Leale, M.D., to Benjamin F. Butler, July 20, 1867, container 43, Butler Papers, DLC.
armchair at the center…sofa on her left: “Major Rathbone’s Affidavit,” in J. E. Buckingham, Sr., Reminiscences and Souvenirs of the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln (Washington, D.C.: Rufus H. Darby, 1894), pp. 73,75.
“rested her hand…situation on the stage”: Charles Sabin Taft, “Abraham Lincoln’s Last Hours,” Century 45 (February 1893), p. 634.
later recalled…“think any thing about it”: Randall, Mary Lincoln, p. 382.
footman delivered a message…and fired: Winik, April 1865, p. 223; Harris, Lincoln’s Last Months, p. 224.
“As he jumped…struck the stage”: Taft, “Abraham Lincoln’s Last Hours,” Century 45 (1893), p. 634.
“he was suffering…he struggled up”: Annie F. F. Wright, “The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln,” Magazine of History 9 (February 9, 1909), p. 114.
“his shining dagger…it had been a diamond”: Leale to Butler, July 20, 1867, container 43, Butler Papers, DLC.
shouted…“Sic semper tyrannis”: Wright, “The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln,” Magazine of History (1909), p. 114.
saw Mary Lincoln…“shot the President!”: Ibid.
Charles Leale…pressure on Lincoln’s brain: Leale to Butler, July 20, 1867, container 43, Butler Papers, DLC.
Charles Sabin Taft…boardinghouse: Taft, “Abraham Lincoln’s Last Hours,” Century 45 (1893), p. 635.
Joseph Sterling…headed for Seward’s house: Joseph A. Sterling, quoted in Star, April 14, 1918.
already gone to bed…set forth in the foggy night: Entry for April 14, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, pp. 283–84.
Blood was everywhere…floor of the bedroom: Entry for April 14, 1865, in Johnson, “Sensitivity and Civil War,” p. 886.
“was saturated with blood”…he decided to join them: Entry for April 14, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, pp. 285–86 (quote p. 285).
Chase had already retired…“a night of horrors”: Entries for April 14, 1865, Chase Papers, Vol. 1, pp. 528–29.
Lincoln had been placed…“spare appearance”: Entry for April 14, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, p. 286.
“would have killed most men…much vitality”: Entry for April 30, 1865, Taft diary.
Mary spent most…“overcome by emotion”: Entry for April 14, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, p. 287.
“Why didn’t he shoot me?”…not told, out of fear: Field, Memories of Many Men, p. 322.
“clean napkins…stains on the pillow”: Taft, “Abraham Lincoln’s Last Hours,” Century 45 (1893), p. 635.
Robert, who had remained…“leaving his cheeks”: Thomas F. Pendel, Thirty-Six Years in the White House (Washington, D.C.: Neale Publishing Company, 1902), pp. 42–43.
to summon Tad…his father’s condition: Leale to Butler, July 20, 1867, container 43, Butler Papers, DLC.
Tad and his tutor…to see Aladdin: M. Helen Palmes Moss, “Lincoln and Wilkes Booth as Seen on the Day of the Assassination,” Century LXXVII (April 1909), p. 951.
decorated with patriotic…“shrieking in agony”: NR, April 15, 1865.
“Poor little Tad…fell into a sound sleep”: Pendel, Thirty-Six Years in the White House, p. 44.
entire cabinet…“heartrending lamentations”: NYH, April 16, 1865.
“there was not a soul…love the president”: Star, February 15, 1896.
“While evidently swayed…in all things”: A. F. Rockwell, quoted in Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton, p. 283.
dictated numerous dispatches…“wait for the next”: Star, February 15, 1896.
first telegram…“in a dangerous condition”: Thomas T. Eckert to USG, April 14, 1865, OR, Ser. 1, Vol. XLVI, Part III, pp. 744–45.
reached Grant…“in perfect silence”: Porter, Campaigning with Grant, p. 499.
he had turned “very pale”: Personal Memoirs of Julia Dent Grant, p. 156.
Julia Grant guessed…“that could be received”: Porter, Campaigning with Grant, pp. 499–500.
he told Julia…“tenderness and magnanimity”: Personal Memoirs of Julia Dent Grant, p. 156.
At 1 a.m., Stanton telegraphed…“best detectives”: EMS to John H. Kennedy, April 15, 1865, OR, Ser. 1, Vol. XLVI, Part III, p. 783.
“The wound is mortal…is now dying”: EMS to John A. Dix, April 15, 1865, 1:30 a.m., OR, Ser. 1, Vol. XLVI, Part III, p. 780.
“The President continues…shot the President”: Ibid., 4:10 a.m., p. 781.
Shortly after dawn…“death-struggle had begun”: Entry for April 14, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, p. 288.
“As she entered”…sofa in the parlor: Taft, “Abraham Lincoln’s Last Hours,” Century 45 (1893), p. 635.
“the town clocks…be again resumed”: Field, Memories of Many Men, p. 325.
“Let us pray”…everyone present knelt: Leale to Butler, July 20, 1867, container 43, Butler Papers, DLC.
At 7:22 a.m…. “belongs to the ages”: Donald, Lincoln, p. 599. As David Donald notes, witnesses thought theyheard several variations of Stanton’s utterance, including “He belongs to the ages now,” “He now belongs to the Ages,” and “He is a man for the ages.” Donald, Lincoln, p. 686, endnote for p. 599 beginning “to the ages.”
“Oh, why did you not…he was dying”: NYH, April 16, 1865.
moans could be heard…taken to her carriage: Taft, “Abraham Lincoln’s Last Hours,” Century 45 (1893), p. 636; Field, Memories of Many Men, p. 326.
Stanton’s “coolness”…streamed down his cheeks: NYH, April 16, 1865.
“Stanton’s grief…break down and weep bitterly”: Porter, Campaigning with Grant, p. 501.
“Not everyone knows…his honor and yours”: JH to EMS, July 26, 1865, in Hay, At Lincoln’s Side, p. 106.
“Is he dead?…entire face was distorted”: Field, Memories of Many Men, p. 327.
walked to Seward’s house…Blair and his father: Entry for April 15, 1865, Chase Papers, Vol. I, pp. 529, 530.
“with tearful eyes…of our side”: EBL to SPL, April 15, 1865, in Wartime Washington, ed. Laas, p. 495.
Richmond Whig… “South has descended”: Richmond Whig, quoted in Robert S. Harper, Lincoln and the Press (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1951), p. 360.
St. Louis…comfortable study: Entry for January 27, 1865, The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 443.
“the astounding news…country and for myself”: Entry for April 15, 1865, in ibid., p. 473.
News of Lincoln’s death…“sinking into his mind”: Brooks, Mr. Lincoln’s Washington, pp. 458–59 (quotes p. 459).
“The history of governments…confidence and regard”: “Hay’s Reminiscences of the Civil War,” in Hay, At Lincoln’s Side, pp. 128–29.
Flags remained…“the farewell march”: Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, pp. 271 (quote), 273.
nearly two hundred thousand Union soldiers: Smith, The Francis Preston Blair Family in Politics, Vol. II, p. 185.
“Never in the history…shrill call of bugles”: Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, pp. 272–74.
“magnificent and imposing spectacle”: Entry for May 19, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, p. 310.
“You see in these…half a dozen presidents”: EMS, quoted in Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton, p. 288.
“more and more dim…found in every family”: AL, “Address Before the Young Men’s Lyceum of Springfield, Illinois,” January 27, 1838, in CW, I, p. 115.
“a new birth of freedom…perish from the earth”: AL, “Address Delivered at the Dedication of the Cemetery at Gettysburg,” final text, November 19, 1863, in CW, VII, p. 23.
second day belonged…“with our swords”: Sherman, Memoirs of General W. T. Sherman, p. 731.
All of Washington…“All felt this”: Entry for April 19, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, p. 310.
“a Cabinet which should…than one counsellor”: WHS, “The President and His Cabinet,” October 20, 1865, Works of William H. Seward, Vol. V, p. 527.
“I have no doubt…greatest man I ever knew”: Tribute by General Grant, in Browne, The Every-Day Life of Abraham Lincoln, p. 7.
“I have more than once…Nineteenth Century”: Walt Whitman, “November Boughs,” The Complete Prose Works of Walt Whitman, Vol. III (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, Knickerbocker Press, 1902), pp. 206–07.
Leo Tolstoy…“light beams directly on us”: Leo Tolstoy, quoted in The World, New York, February 7, 1908.
“Every man is said…yet to be developed”: AL, “Communication to the People of Sangamo County,” March 9, 1832, in CW, I, p. 8.
“he had done nothing…that he had lived”: AL, paraphrased in Joshua F. Speed to WHH, February 7, 1866, in HI, p. 197.
“conceived in Liberty…all men are created equal”: AL, “Address Delivered at the Dedication of the Cemetery at Gettysburg, November 19, 1863; Edward Everett Copy,” in CW, VII, p. 21.
“With malice toward none; with charity for all”: AL, “Second Inaugural Address,” March 4, 1865, CW, VIII, p. 333.