(DSB: DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC BIOGRAPHY)
Abell, George. Exploration of the Universe 2nd ed. New York, 1969.
Africa, Thomas W. “Copernicus’ Relation to Aristarchus and Pythagoras.” Isis 52, no. 3 (Sept. 1961): 403-9.
Ahmad, S. Makbul. “Al-Idrisi.” DSB, 7, pp. 7-9.
——. “Al-Masudi.” DSB, 9, pp. 171-72. Al-Dabbagh, J. “Banu Musa.” DSB, 1, pp. 443-46.
Allan, D. J. “Plato.” DSB, 11, pp. 22-31.
Anawati, George C. “Hunayn ibn Ishaq.” DSB, 15, pp. 230-48.
——. “Science.” The Cambridge History of Islam Vol. 2, pp. 741-80. Cambridge, 1977.
Anbouba, Adel. “Al-Tusi, Sharaf al-Din.” DSB, 13, pp. 514-17.
Anonymous. The Thousand Nights and One Night 4 vols. Translated by Powys Mathers from the French translation of J. C. Mardrus. London, 1981.
Arberry J. A., trans. The Spiritual Physick of Rhazes London, 1950.
Aristophanes Translated by Benjamin Bickley Rogers. 3 vols. London, 1978.
Aristotle. The Complete Works Edited by Jonathan Barnes. 2 vols. Princeton, 1984.
Armitage, Angus. Copernicus and Modern Astronomy New York, 2004.
——. Sun, stand thou still: the life and works of Copernicus, the astronomer New York, 1947.
Armstrong, A. H., ed. The Cambridge History of Later Greek and Early Medieval Philosophy Cambridge, 1967.
Bacon, Francis. The New Organum and Related Writings Edited by Fulton H. Anderson. New York, 1960.
Bailey, Cyril. The Greek Atomists and Epicurus Oxford, 1964.
Baker, Robert H. Astronomy: An Introduction New York, 1930.
Bald, R. C. John Donne: A Life Oxford, 1971.
Barnes, Jonathan. Early Greek Philosophers New York, 1987.
Bevan, Edwyn. The House of Ptolemy: A History of Egypt Under the Ptolemaic Dynasty Chicago, 1968.
Boardman, John. The Greeks Overseas Baltimore, 1964.
Bos, H. J. M. “Christiaan Huygens.” DSB, 6, pp. 597-612.
Boyer, Carl B. A History of Mathematics 2nd ed. Revised by Uta C. Mertzbach. New York, 1991.
Brockelmann, Carl. History of the Islamic Peoples Translated by Joel Carmichael and Moshe Perlmann. New York, 1960.
Bulmer-Thomas, Ivor. “Euclid.” DSB, 4, pp. 414-59.
——. “Eutocius of Ascalon.” DSB, 4, pp. 488-91.
——. “Isidorus of Miletus.” DSB, 7, pp. 28-30.
——. “Menelaus of Alexandria.” DSB, 9, pp. 296-302, and 15, pp. 420-21.
——. “Pappus of Alexandria.” DSB, 10, pp. 293-304.
——. “Theodosius of Bithynia.” DSB, 13, pp. 319-21.
Burnet, John. Early Greek Philosophy 2nd ed. London, 1908.
——. Greek Philosophy, Thales to Plato London, 1981.
Butterfield, Herbert. The Origins of Modern Science, 1300-1800 New York, 1957.
Bylebyl, Jerome J. “William Harvey.” DSB, 6, pp. 150-62.
Callus, Daniel A., ed. Robert Grosseteste, Scholar and Bishop Oxford, 1955.
Carmody Francis J. The Astronomical Works of Thabit Ibn Qurra Berkeley, 1960.
Casper, Max. Kepler Translated by C. Doris Hellman. New York, 1962.
Casson, Lionel. Libraries in the Ancient World New Haven, 2001.
Chatillon, Jean. “Giles of Rome.” DSB, 5, pp. 402-3.
Cicero. De Republica Translated by Clinton Walker Keyes. London, 1928.
——. The Nature of the Gods Translated by H. C. P. McGregor. Harmondsworth, 1972.
Clagett, Marshall. “Adelard of Bath.” DSB, 1, pp. 61-64.
——. “Archimedes.” DSB, 1, pp. 213-31.
______, ed. Archimedes in the Middle Ages Vol. 1, The Arabo-Latin Tradition Madison, Wisc., 1964.
——. Greek Science in Antiquity London, 2001.
——. “John of Palermo.” DSB, 7, pp. 133-34.
——. “Nicole Oresme.” DSB, 10, pp. 223-30.
——. The Science of Mechanics in the Middle Ages Madison, Wisc., 1959.
Clot, André. Harun al-Rashid and the World of the Thousand and One Nights Translated by John Howe. London, 2005.
Cobban, Alan B. The Medieval Universities: Their Development and Organization London, 1975.
Cohen, I. Bernard. Revolution in Science Cambridge, Mass., 1985.
Cohen, Morris, and I. E. Drabkin. Source Book in Greek Science Cambridge, Mass., 1958.
Collins, Roger. Early Medieval Europe, 300-1100 Basingstoke, 1991.
——. Early Medieval Spain: Unity in Diversity, 400-1000 New York, 1995.
Cook, John M. The Greeks in Ionia and the East New York, 1963.
Copernicus, Nicholas. On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres Translated by Charles Glen Wallis. Edited by Stephen Hawking. Philadelphia, 2002.
Cottingham, John. Descartes Oxford, 1986.
______, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Descartes Cambridge, 1992.
Cottingham, John, Robert Stoothoff and Dugald Murdoch. The Philosophical Writings of Descartes 2 vols. Cambridge, 1985.
Crombie, A. C. Medieval and Early Modern Science 2 vols. 2nd ed. Cambridge, Mass., 1973.
——. Robert Grosseteste and the Origins of Experimental Science, 1100-1700 Oxford, 1953.
______, ed. Scientific Change: Historical Sketches in the Intellectual, Social and Technical Conditions for Scientific Discovery and Technical Invention from Antiquity to the Present New York, 1963.
Crombie, A. C, Michael S. Mahone, and Theodore M. Brown. “René du Perron Descartes.” DSB, 4, pp. 51-65.
Crombie, A. C, and J. D. North. “Roger Bacon.” DSB, 1, pp. 377-85.
Dales, Richard. The Scientific Achievements of the Middle Ages Philadelphia, 1973. Daly, John F. “Johannes de Sacrobosco (John of Holywood). DSB, 12, pp. 60-63.
Dampier, William Cecil. A History of Science and Its Relation with Philosophy and Religion, 3rd ed. New York, 1944.
Dannenfeldt, Karl H. “Hermes Trismegistus.” DSB, 6, pp. 305-6. Dante. The Divine Comedy Translated by H. F. Cary. New York, 1908.
Davidson, Herbert A. Alfarabi, Avicenna, and Averroes, on Intellect New York, 1992.
De Santillana, Giorgio. The Crime of Galileo Chicago, 1955.
——. The Origins of Scientific Thought: Anaximander to Proclus, 600 B.C. to AD. 300 Chicago, 1961.
Descartes, René. The Philosophical Writings of Descartes 3 vols. Translated by John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff and Dugald Murdoch. Cambridge, 1985-91.
Dicks, D. R. Early Greek Astronomy to Aristotle Ithaca, N.Y., 1970.
——. “Eratosthenes.” DSB, 4, pp. 388-93.
——. “Hecataeus.” DSB, 6, pp. 212-13.
Dictionary of Scientific Biography (DSB) 16 vols. Edited by Charles Coulston Gillespie. New York, 1970-80.
Dijksterhuis, F. J. Archimedes Princeton, 1987.
Dilgan, Hamit. “Qadi Zada al-Rumi.” DSB, 11, pp. 227-29.
Diogenes Laertius. Lives of Eminent Philosophers 2 vols. Translated by H. D. Hicks. Cambridge, Mass., 1925.
Dizer, Muammer, ed. International Symposium on the Observatory in Islam, 19-23 September 1977 Istanbul, 1980.
Dold-Samplonius, Yvonne, and Heinrich Hermelink. “Al-Jayyani.” DSB, 7, pp. 82-83.
Donne, John. The Complete Poetry of John Donne Edited by John T. Shawcross. London, 1968.
——. The Complete Poetry and Selected Prose of John Donne Edited by John Hayward. London, 1929.
Dozy, Reinhart. A History of the Moslems in Spain Translated by Frances Griffin Stokes. London, 1913.
Drachmann, A. G. “Ctesibius.” DSB, 3, pp. 491-92.
——. “Hero of Alexandria.” DSB, 6, pp. 310-15.
——. “Philo of Byzantium.” DSB, 10, pp. 586-89.
Drake, Stillman, trans. Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo Garden City, N.Y., 1952.
——. “Galileo Galilei,” DSB, 5, pp. 237-48.
Dreyer, J. L. E. A History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler New York, 1953.
——. Tycho Brahe New York, 1963.
Dunlop, D. M. Arab Science in the West Karachi, 1958.
Easton, Joy B. “John Dee.” DSB, 4, pp. 5-6.
——. “Thomas Digges.” DSB, 4, pp. 97-98.
——. “Robert Recorde.” DSB, 11, pp. 338-40.
Edmonds, J. M., trans. Lyra Graeca 3 vols. London, 1928.
Eicholz, David E. “Pliny.” DSB, 11, pp. 38-40.
Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science 3 vols. Edited by Roshdi Rashed and Regis Morelon. London, 1996.
Encyclopedia of the Scientific Revolution Edited by William Applebaum. New York, 2000.
Esposito, John L., ed. The Oxford History of Islam Oxford, 1999.
Evans, James. The History and Practice of Ancient Astronomy Oxford, 1998.
Fakhry Majid. A History of Islamic Philosophy 3rd ed. Chicago, 1992.
Farrington, Benjamin. Greek Science: Its Meaning for Us Baltimore, 1953.
Ferguson, Kitty. Tycho and Kepler: The Unlikely Partnership That Forever Changed Our Understanding of the Heavens New York, 2002.
Fisher, W. B., ed. The Cambridge History of Iran vol. 7. Cambridge, 19 68-81.
Fletcher, Richard. Moorish Spain London, 1992.
Freely, John. The Emergence of Modern Science, East and West Istanbul, 2004.
Freeman, Kathleen. The Presocratic Philosophers Oxford, 1953.
Fritz, Kurt von. “Philolaus of Crotona.” DSB, 10, pp. 589-91.
——. “Pythagoras of Samos.” DSB, 11, pp. 219-25.
——. “Zeno of Elea.” DSB, 14, pp. 607-12.
Fryde, Edmund. The Early Palaeologan Renaissance, 1261-ca. 1360 Leiden, 2000.
Furley, David J. “Epicurus.” DSB, 4, pp. 381-82.
——. “Heraclitus of Ephesus.” DSB, 6, pp. 289-91.
——. “Lucretius.” DSB, 8, pp. 536-39.
Gade, John A. The Life and Times of Tycho Brahe Princeton, 1947.
Galilei, Galileo. Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Ptolemaic and Copernican Translated by Stillman Drake. Berkeley, 1967.
——. Discourses Concerning Two New Sciences, of Mechanics and of Motion New York, 1914.
Gassendi, Pierre. The Life of Copernicus (1473-1543) With notes by Olivier Thill. Fairfax, Va., 2003.
Gaukroger, Stephen. Descartes: An Intellectual Biography Oxford, 1995.
Geanakoplos, Dino John. Greek Scholars in Venice: Studies in the Dissemination of Greek Learning from Byzantium to Western Europe Cambridge, Mass., 1962.
Geymont, Ludovico. Galileo: A Biography and Inquiry into His Philosophy of Science New York, 1965.
Gingerich, Owen. The Book Nobody Read: Chasing the Revolutions of Nicolaus Copernicus New York, 2004.
——. “Johannes Kepler.” DSB, 7, pp. 289-312.
——. “Erasmus Reinhold.” DSB, 11, pp. 365-67.
Gliozzi, Marion. “Evangelista Torricelli.” DSB, 13, pp. 433-40.
Goldstein, Bernard R. “The Heritage of Arabic Science in Hebrew.” In Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, vol. 1, pp. 276-83.
Goldstein, Bernard R., and Alan C. Bowen. “A New View of Early Greek Astronomy.” Isis 74, no. 3 (Sept. 1983): 330-40.
Gottschalk, H. B. “Strato of Lampsacus.” DSB, 13, pp. 91-95.
Grant, Edward. “Jordanus de Nemore.” DSB, 7, 171-79.
——. “Peter Peregrinus.” DSB, 10, 532-40.
——. Physical Science in the Middle Ages New York, 1971.
Gregory, John. The Neoplatonists: A Reader London, 1999.
Griffiths, Robert I. “Was There a Crisis Before the Copernican Revolution? A Reappraisal of Gingerich's Criticisms of Kuhn.” In Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association Vol. 1., pp. 127-36. Chicago, 1988.
Guerlac, Henry. “Copernicus and Aristotle's Cosmos.” Journal of the History of Ideas 29, no. 1 (1968): 109-13.
Gutas, Dimitri. Greek Philosophers in the Arabic Tradition Aldershot, U.K., 2000.
——. Greek Thought, Arabic Culture: The Graeco-Arabic Translation Movement in Baghdad and Early Abbasid Society London, 1998.
Guthrie, William K. C. A History of Greek Philosophy 6 vols. Cambridge, 1962-81.
Hall, A. Rupert. The Scientific Revolution, 1500-1800 Boston, 1956.
Hall, Marie Boas. Robert Boyle and Seventeenth-Century Chemistry Cambridge, 1958.
Hall, Robert E. “Al-Khazini.” DSB, 7, pp. 335-51.
Hamarneh, Sami. “Al-Majusi.” DSB, 9, pp. 40-42.
——. “Al-Zahrawi.” DSB, 14, pp. 584-85.
——. “Ibn Zuhr.” DSB, 14, pp. 637-39.
Hammond, Nicholas, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Pascal Cambridge, 2003.
Hammond, N. G. I., and H. H. Scullard, eds. The Oxford Classical Dictionary 2nd ed. Oxford, 1970.
Hartner, Willy. “Al-Battani.” DSB, 1, pp. 507-16.
Harvey, E. Ruth. “Qusta ibn Luqa.” DSB, 11, pp. 244-46.
Haskins, Charles Homer. The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century New York, 1957.
——. The Rise of Universities New York, 1923.
——. Studies in the History of Mediaeval Science Cambridge, Mass., 1924.
Heath, Thomas L. Aristarchus of Samos, the Ancient Copernicus Oxford, 1959.
——. Diophantus of Alexandria: A Study in the History of Greek Algebra New York, 1964.
——. A History of Greek Mathematics 2 vols. Oxford, 1921.
——. A Manual of Greek Mathematics New York, 1963.
——. The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements New York, 1956.
——. The Works of Archimedes New York, 1912.
Heiberg, Johann Ludwig. Mathematics and Physical Science in Classical Antiquity Translated by D. C. Macgregor. London, 1922.
Heidel, W. A. The Heroic Age of Science Baltimore, 1933.
Hellman, C. Doris. “Tycho Brahe.” DSB, 2, pp. 401-14.
Hellman, C. Doris, and Noel M. Swerdlow. “Georg Peurbach.” DSB, 15, pp. 473-79.
Henry, John. The Scientific Revolution and the Origins of Modern Science New York, 2002.
Herodotus. The Histories Translated by Aubrey de Sélincourt. Harmondsworth, 1954.
Hesiod, the Homeric Hymns and Homerica Translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White. London, 1926.
Hesse, Mary. “Francis Bacon.” DSB, 1, pp. 372-77.
Hill, Donald R. “Al-Jazari.” DSB, 15, pp. 253-55.
——. Islamic Sciences and Engineering Edinburgh, 1993.
Hirst, Anthony, and Michael Silk. Alexandria, Real and Imagined Aldershot, U.K., 2004.
Hofmann, Joseph E. “Nicholas Cusa.” DSB, 3, pp. 512-16.
——. “Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.” DSB, 8, pp. 149-68.
Holt, R. M., Ann K. S. Lambton, and Bernard Lewis, eds. The Cambridge History of Islam Cambridge, 1977.
Hourani, George F. Averroes on the Harmony of Religion and Philosophy London, 19 61.
——. “Ibn Tufayl.” DSB, 13, pp. 488-89.
Huff, Toby E. The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China and the West Cambridge, 1993.
Hugonnard-Roche, Henri. “The Influence of Arabic Astronomy in the Medieval West.” In Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, vol. 1, pp. 284-85.
Hussey Edward. The Presocratics New York, 1972.
Huxley, G. L. “Anthemius of Tralles.” DSB, 1, pp. 169-70.
——. The Early Ionians London, 1966.
——. “Eudoxus of Cnidus.” DSB, 4, pp. 465-67.
Ierodiakonou, Katerina, ed. Byzantine Philosophy and Its Ancient Sources Oxford, 2002.
Ihsanoĝlu, Ekmeleddin. History of the Ottoman State, Society and Civilization Istanbul, 2001.
——. Science, Technology and Learning in the Ottoman Empire Istanbul, 1992.
——, ed. Transfer of Modern Science and Technology to the Muslim World: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Modern Sciences and the Modern World Istanbul, 2-4 September 1987. Istanbul, 1992.
Irbie-Massie, Georgia L., and Paul T. Keyser. Greek Science of the Hellenistic Era: A Source-book London, 2002.
Iskandar, Albert Z. “Hunayn Ibn Ishaq.” DSB, 15, pp. 230-49.
——. “Ibn al-Nafis.” DSB, 9, pp. 602-6.
——. “Ibn Rushd (Averroës).” DSB, 12, pp. 12, 1-9.
——. “Ibn Sina (Avicenna).” DSB, 15, pp. 494-501.
Jayussi, Salma Khadra, ed. The Legacy of Muslim Spain 2 vols. Leiden, 1992.
Jerusalem Bible Popular edition. London, 1974.
Johnson, Francis R. Astronomical Thought in Renaissance England Baltimore, 1937.
——. “The Influence of Thomas Digges in the Progress of Modern Astronomy in Sixteenth-Century England.” Osiris 1 (June 1936): 390-410.
——. “Marlowe's Astronomy and Renaissance Skepticism.” Journal of English Literary History 3, no. 4 (Dec. 1946): 241-54.
Johnson, Paul. A History of the Jews London, 1995.
Jolivet, Jean, and Roshdi Rashed. “Al-Kindi.” DSB, 15, pp. 261-67.
Joly, Robert. “Hippocrates of Cos.” DSB, 6, pp. 418-31.
Jones, Charles W. “The Venerable Bede” DSB, 1, pp. 564-66.
Kaler, James B. Astronomy! New York, 1994.
Kantorowicz, Ernst. Frederick the Second, 1194-1250 Translated by E. O. Lorimer. New York, 1931.
Kari-Niazov, T. N. “Ulugh Beg.” DSB, 13, pp. 535-37.
Kelly, Suzanne. “William Gilbert.” DSB, 5, pp. 396-401.
Kennedy, E. S. “Al-Battani.” DSB, 1, pp. 507-16.
——. “Al-Biruni.” DSB, 2, pp. 147-58.
——. “The Exact Sciences.” In The Cambridge History of Iran, 4: Cambridge, 1968, pp. 378-95.
Kennedy, E. S., et al. Studies in the Islamic Exact Sciences Beirut, 1983.
Kennedy, Hugh. The Court of the Caliphs: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty London, 2004.
Kerferd, G. B. “Democritus.” DSB, 4, pp. 30-35.
Khayyam, Omar. The Rubaiyat 5th ed. Translated by Edward FitzGerald. New York, 1966.
King, David A. “Ibn al-Shatir.” DSB, 12, pp. 357-64.
——. “Ibn Yunus.” DSB, 14, pp. 574-80.
Kirk, G. S., and J. E. Raven. The Presocratic Philosophers Cambridge, 1962.
Kline, Morris. Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times 3 vols. New York, 1990.
Knobel, E. B., ed. Ulugh Bey's Catalogue of Stars Washington, D.C., 1917.
Koestler, Arthur. The Sleepwalkers: A History of Man's Changing Vision of the Universe London, 1959.
Kopal, Zdenek. “Olaus Roemer.” DSB, 11, pp. 525-27.
The Koran: The Meaning of the Glorious Koran, trans. Mohammed Marmaduke Pickthall. New York, 1953.
Koyré, Alexandre. The Astronomical Revolution: Copernicus, Kepler, Borelli Translated by R. E. W. Madison. Ithaca, N.Y., 1973.
——. From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe New York, 1958.
——. Newtonian Studies Cambridge, Mass., 1965.
Krafft, Fritz. “Otto von Guericke.” DSB, 5, pp. 574-76.
Kramer, Edna E. “Hypatia.” DSB, 6, pp. 615-16.
Kren, Claudia. “Dominicus Gundissalinus.” DSB, 5, pp. 591-93.
——. “Hermann the Lame.” DSB, 6, pp. 301-3.
——. “Roger of Hereford.” DSB, 11, pp. 503-4.
Kudlien, Fridolf and Leonard G. Wilson. “Galen.” DSB, 5, pp. 227-37.
Kuhn, Thomas S. The Copernican Revolution: Planetary Astronomy in the Development of Western Thought Cambridge, Mass., 1957.
——. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions Chicago, 1976.
Kunitzsch, Paul. “Al-Sufi.” DSB, 13, pp. 149-50.
Lapidus, Ira. A History of Islamic Societies 2nd ed. Cambridge, 2002.
Lemay, Richard. “Gerard of Cremona.” DSB, 15, pp. 173-92.
Levey, Martin. “Abraham Bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi (Savasorda).” DSB, 1, pp. 22-23.
Lindberg, David C. The Beginnings of European Science: the European Scientific Tradition in Philosophical, Religious and Institutional Context, 600 B.C. to A.D. 1450 Chicago, 1992.
——. Studies in the History of Medieval Optics London, 1983.
——. Theories of Vision from al-Kindi to Kepler Chicago, 1976.
——. “Witelo.” DSB, 14, pp. 457-62.
Lindberg, David C, and Robert S. Westman, eds. Reappraisal of the Scientific Revolution Cambridge, 1990.
Little, A. G., ed. Roger Bacon: Essays Oxford, 1914.
Lloyd, G. E. R. Early Greek Science: Thales to Aristotle New York, 1970.
——. Greek Science After Aristotle New York, 1973.
Lohne, J. A. “Thomas Harriot.” DSB, 6, pp. 124-29.
Long, A. A., ed. The Cambridge Companion to Early Greek Philosophy Cambridge, 1999.
Longrigg, James. “Anaxagoras.” DSB, 1, pp. 149-50.
——. “Thales.” DSB, 13, pp. 295-98.
Lorch, R. P. “‘Jabir ibn Aflah.” DSB, 7, pp. 37-39.
Lorris, Guillaume de, and Jean de Meun. The Romance of the Rose Translated by Harry W. Robbins. New York, 1962.
Lowden, John. “Archimedes into Icon: Forging an Image of Byzantium.” In Icons and Word: The Power of Images in Byzantium Edited by Antony Eastmond and Liz James. Burlington, Vt., 2003.
Lucretius. De Rerum Natura (On the Nature of the Universe) Translated by R. E. Latham. Revised by John Godwin. London, 1994.
Machamer, Peter, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Galileo Cambridge, 1996.
MacLeod, Roy ed. The Library of Alexandria, Centre of Learning in the Ancient World London, 2000.
Mahdi, Muhsin. “Al-Farabi.” DSB, 4, pp. 523-26.
Mahoney Michael S. “Hero of Alexandria.” DSB, 6, pp. 310-15.
——. “Pierre de Fermat.” DSB, 4, 566-76.
Makdisi, George. The Rise of Colleges: Institutions of Learning in Islam and the West Edinburgh, 1981.
——. The Rise of Humanism in Classical Islam and the West Edinburgh, 1990.
Manuel, Frank E. A Portrait of Isaac Newton Cambridge, Mass., 1968.
Marlowe, Christopher. The Complete Plays Edited by Frank Romany and Robert Lindsey London, 2003.
Masson, Georgina. Frederich II of Hohenstaufen: A Life London, 1957.
Matthew, Donald. The Norman Kingdom of Italy Cambridge, 1992.
McDiarmid, J. B. “Theophrastus.” DSB, 13, pp. 328-34.
McKeon, Richard. The Basic Works of Aristotle New York, 1941.
McVaugh, Michael. “Constantine the African.” DSB, 3, pp. 393-95.
Menocal, Maria Rosa. The Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews, and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain Boston, 2002.
Menocal, Maria Rosa, et al., eds. The Literature of Al-Andalus New York, 2000.
Merlan, Philip. “Alexander of Aphrodisias.” DSB, 1, pp. 117-20.
——. “Ammonius.” DSB, 1, p. 137.
Milton, John. Paradise Lost Edited by Edward Le Comte. New York, 1961.
——. Paradise Regained Edited by Merritt Y. Hughes. New York, ca. 1937.
Minio-Paluello, Lorenzo. “Boethius.” DSB, 2, pp. 228-36.
——. “James of Venice.” DSB, 7, pp. 65-67.
——. “Plato of Tivoli.” DSB, 11, pp. 31-33.
——. “Michael Scott.” DSB, 9, pp. 361-65.
——. “William of Moerbeke.” DSB, 9, pp. 434-40.
Monfasani, John. Byzantine Scholars in Renaissance Italy: Cardinal Bessarion and Other Émigrés; Selected Essays Brookfield, Vt., 1995.
——. Greeks and Latins in Renaissance Italy: Studies in Humanism and Philosophy in the 15th Century Brookfield, Vt., ca. 2004.
Montgomery, Scott L. Science in Translation: Movements of Knowledge Through Cultures and Time Chicago, 2000.
Moody, Ernest A. “Jean Buridan.” DSB, 2, pp. 603-8.
Morelon, Regis. “Eastern Arabic Astronomy Between the Eighth and the Eleventh Centuries.” In Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, vol. 1, pp. 20-57.
——. “General Survey of Arabic Astronomy.” Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, vol. 1, pp. 1-19.
Morford, Mark. The Roman Philosophers: From the Time of Cato the Censor to the Death of Marcus Aurelius London, 2002.
Morrow, Glenn R. “Proclus.” DSB, 11, pp. 160-62.
Mourelatos, Alexander P. D. “Empedocles of Acragas.” DSB, 4, pp. 367-69.
Murdoch, John. “Euclid.” DSB, 4, pp. 414-59.
——. “Thomas Bradwardine.” DSB, 2, pp. 390-97.
Murdoch, John, and Edith Dudley Sylla. “Richard Swineshead.” DSB, 13, pp. 184-213.
Nasr, Seyyid Hossein. Islamic Science: An Illustrated History Cairo, 1976.
——. “Qutb al-Din Al-Shirzai.” DSB, 11, pp. 247-53.
——. Science and Civilization in Islam Cambridge, Mass., 1968.
——. “Nasir al-Din al-Tusi.” DSB, 13, pp. 508-14.
Nasr, Seyyid Hossein, and Oliver Leaman, eds. History of Islamic Philosophy London, 1996.
Netz, Reviel, Fabio Acerbi, and Nigel Wilson. “Towards a Reconstruction of Archimedes’ Stomachion.” Sciamus 5 (2004): 67-99.
Neugebauer, Otto. The Astronomical Tables of Al-Khwarizmi Copenhagen, 1962.
——. The Exact Sciences in Antiquity 2nd ed. Providence, R.I., 1957.
——. A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy 3 vols. New York, 1975.
Newton, Isaac. Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy Translated by I. Bernard Cohen and Anne Whitman. Berkeley, 1999.
——. Opticks, or A Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections, and Colours of Light London, 1952. (Reprint of the 4th ed., London, 1730.)
North, John David. The Norton History of Astronomy and Cosmology New York, 1995.
——. “Richard of Wallingford.” DSB, 11, pp. 414-16.
O'Leary, De Lacy. Arabic Thought and Its Place in History London, 1939.
——. How Greek Science Passed to the Arabs London, 1949.
Omar, Saleh Beshara. Ibn al-Haytham's Optics: A Study of Experimental Science Minneapolis, 1977.
ONeil, W. M. Early Astronomy, from Babylonia to Copernicus Sydney, 1986.
Osborne, Robin. Greece in the Making, 1200-479 B.C London, 1996.
Osler, Margaret, ed. Rethinking the Scientific Revolution New York, 2000.
Ovid. Fasti Translated by James George Frazer. London, 1959.
Owen, G. E. L., D. M. Balme, Leonard G. Wilson, and L. Minio-Paluello. “Aristotle.” DSB, 1, pp. 250-81.
Pannekoek, A. A History of Astronomy New York, 1961.
Pastor, Ludwig. The History of the Popes 5th ed. Vol. 6. Edited by F. I. Antrobus. London, 1950.
Pausanias. Description of Greece 2 vols. Translated by Peter Levi. Harmondsworth, 1985.
Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecelia. Introduction to Astronomy New York, 1954.
Permuda, Loris. “Pietro dAbano.” DSB, 1, pp. 4-5.
Peters, C. H. F., and E. B. Knobel. Ptolemy's Catalogue of the Stars: A Revision of the Almagest Washington, D.C., 1915.
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——. Aristotle and the Arabs: the Aristotelian Tradition in Islam New York, 1968.
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