5
1. Organelles create compartments within the cell, which can be used for microenvironments (creating conditions different from other areas of the cell).
2. A cell with a high amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum would be specialized in exporting large amounts of proteins (the rER makes proteins destined to be exported from the cell).
3.
4. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, their own ribosomes, and they can reproduce on their own (independently of the cell).
5. A = outer membrane; B = inner membrane space; C = inner membrane; D = matrix
6. The glucose needed for cellular respiration in an animal cell comes from food/eating, whereas the glucose needed for cellular respiration in a plant cell comes from photosynthesis/the sun.
7. Plant cells have cells walls, central vacuoles, and chloroplasts (animal cells do not have these things).
8. The lysosome forms a space in which the pH is much lower (more acidic) than other locations within the cell. It also contains a bunch of digestive enzymes that prefer to function in these acidic conditions.
9. Fill in the blanks with the correct organelles: When a protein is made for export, it is created by ribosomes stuck onto the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
10. False! Only plant cells have chloroplasts, but both plant and animal cells have mitochondria.
11. A = outer membrane; B = thylakoid; C = granum; D = stroma
12. Turgor pressure occurs when the central vacuole of a plant cell fills with water. As it swells, it presses against the surrounding cell wall. This provides structure and rigidity to the plant cell (turgor pressure!).
13. c. A muscle cell specializes in movement; therefore, it would need a lot of energy to do so (and would generate that energy through cellular respiration occurring in mitochondria).