PHOTOGRAPHS

FIG. I-ANONYMOUS: Queen Elizabeth. National Portrait Gallery, London

FIG. 2—ATTRIBUTED TO ZUCCARO: Sir Walter Raleigh. National Portrait Gallery, London (Bettmann Archive)

FIG. 3—ANONYMOUS: Robert Devereux, Second Earl of Essex. National Portrait Gallery, London (Bettmann Archive)

FIG. 4—ANONYMOUS: William Cecil, First Lord Burghley. National Portrait Gallery, London

FIG. 5—Burghley House, Stamford, England. British Information Services Photo

FIG. 6—ANONYMOUS: Sir Philip Sidney. National Portrait Gallery, London

FIG. 7—Middle Temple Hall, London. British Information Services Photo

FIG. 8—The Signatures of Shakespeare. From E. K. Chambers, William Shakespeare, Oxford University Press, 1930

FIG. 9—ATTRIBUTED TOP. OUDRY: Mary, Queen of Scots. National Portrait Gallery, London

FIG. 10—CORNELIS BOEL: Title Page of the King james Bible, 2611.

FIG. 11—CORNELIUS JANSSEN: Sir William Harvey. From Abraham Wolf, History of Science, Technology and Philosophy in the 16th and 17th Centuries, Macmillan Company

FIG. 12—ANONYMOUS: Benjamin Jonson. National Portrait Gallery, London

FIG. 13—PAUL VAN SOMER: Francis Bacon. National Portrait Gallery, London (Bettmann Archive)

FIG. 14—SIMON VAN DE PASSE: Title Page of Bacon’s “Instauratio Magna,” 1620

FIG:. 15—ANTHONY VANDYCK: King Charles I. Louvre, Paris

FIG 16—ALESSANDRO ALLORI: Torquato Tasso. Uffizi, Florence

FIG. 17—SASSOFERRATO: Pope Sixtus V. Lateran Gallery, Rome

FIG. 18—GUIDO RENI: St. Joseph. Corsini Gallery, Rome

FIG. 19-BERNINI: Tomb of Pope Urban VIII. St. Peter’s, Rome

FIG. 20–TITIAN: Philip II. Prado, Madrid (Bettmann Archive)

FIG. 21—The Escorial, Spain. Spanish National Tourist Office Photo

FIG. 22—JUAN DE JUAREGUI: Cervantes (Bettmann Archive)

FIG. 23—VELÁZQUEZ: Philip IV of Spain. The Frick Collection, New York

FIG 24–EL GRECO: Burial of Count Orgaz. Church of Santo Tomé, Toledo, Spain

FIG. 25-EL GRECO: The Assumption of the Virgin. The Art Institute of Chicago, Gift of Nancy Atwood Sprague memory of Albert Arnold Sprague

FIG. 26—VELÁZQUEZ: Pope Innocent X. Galleria Doria, Rome (Bettmann Archive)

FIG. 27—VELáZQUEZ: Las Meninas. Prado, Madrid

FIG. 28—VELáZQUEZ: Self-portrait. Detail from Las Meninas. Prado, Madrid (Bettmann Archive)

FIG. 29—MURILLO: λ Beggar Boy. Louvre, Paris

FIG. 30—AFTER CLOUET: Charles IX. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris

FIG. 31—SCHOOL OF CLOUET: Catherine de Médicis. Louvre, Paris

FIG. 32—CLOUET: Admiral Coligny. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris

FIG. 33— Death Mask of Henry IV. From Benkard, Undying Faces, W. W. Norton & Co.

FIG. 34— Michel de Montaigne. Musée de Condé, Chantilly (Bettmann Archive)

FIG. 35—POUSSIN: Et Ego in Arcadia. Louvre, Paris

FIG. 36—PHILIPPE DE CHAMPAIGNE: Cardinal Richelieu. Louvre, Paris

FIG. 37—ATTRIBUTED TO WILLEM KEY: Duke of Alva. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam (Bettmann Archive)

FIG. 38—MICHIEL JANSZOON VAN MIEREVELT: William the Silent. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam (Bettmann Archive)

FIG. 39—SCHOOL OF RUBENS: Ambrogio Spinola. The Frick Collection, New York

FIG. 40—RUBENS: Rubens and Isabella Brandt. Alte Pinakothek, Munich

FIG. 41—FRANS HALS: The Laughing Cavalier. Reproduced by permission of the Trustees of the Wallace Collection, London

FIG. 42—FRANS HALS: The Women Regents. Frans Halsmuseum, Haarlem

FIG. 43—ANTHONY VANDYCK: Self-portrait. The Jules S. Bache Collection, 1949; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (Bettmann Archive)

FIG. 44—REMBRANDT: The Artist’s Father. Mauritshuis, The Hague

FIG. 45—REMBRANDT: The Artist’s Mother. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

FIG. 46—REMBRANDT: Self-portrait. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna PAGE 487

FIG. 47—REMBRANDT: Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp. Mauritshuis, The Hague (Bettmann Archive) PAGE 488

FIG. 48— Queen Christina of Sweden. From F. W. Bain, Christina, Queen of Sweden: W. H. Allen & Co., London, 1890 PAGE 502

FIG. 49—BASED ON A SKETCH BY VANDYCK: Gustaims Adolphus. Alte Pinakothek, Munich (Bettmann Archive)

FIG. 50—JAN MATEJKO: King Stephen Bathory of Poland. From Stanislaw Witkiewicz, Matejko, Lwow, 1912

FIG. 51—Shah Abbas the Great. From Sir John Malcolm, History of Persia, vol. i: John Murray and Longman & Co., London, 1815

FIG. 52—Mosque of Sultan Ahmed, Istanbul. From Ulga Vogt-Göknil, Tü rkische Moscheen: Origo Verlag, Zürich, 1953

FIG. 53—Masjid-i-Shah, Portal to Sanctuary, Isfahan. From Arthur Upham Pope and Phyllis Ackerman, Survey of Persian Art, vol. iv: Oxford University Press, 1958

FIG. 54—Poet Seated in Garden. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

FIG. 55 -Safavid Tile Wall Panels, probably from Palace Chihil Sutun in Isfahan. (ABOVE, BELOW, BELOW LEFT). Rogers Fund, 1903; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

FIG. 56 —Persian Rug, from the Ardebil Mosque, Persia. Hewitt Fund, 1910;The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

FIG. 57—ANTHONY VANDYCK: Wallenstein. Alte Pinakothek, Munich

FIG. 58—SUSTERMANS: Galileo. Pitti Gallery, Florence (Bettmann Archive)

FIG. 59—FRANS HALS: Descartes. Louvre, Paris