FIG. I-ANONYMOUS: Queen Elizabeth. National Portrait Gallery, London
FIG. 2—ATTRIBUTED TO ZUCCARO: Sir Walter Raleigh. National Portrait Gallery, London (Bettmann Archive)
FIG. 3—ANONYMOUS: Robert Devereux, Second Earl of Essex. National Portrait Gallery, London (Bettmann Archive)
FIG. 4—ANONYMOUS: William Cecil, First Lord Burghley. National Portrait Gallery, London
FIG. 5—Burghley House, Stamford, England. British Information Services Photo
FIG. 6—ANONYMOUS: Sir Philip Sidney. National Portrait Gallery, London
FIG. 7—Middle Temple Hall, London. British Information Services Photo
FIG. 8—The Signatures of Shakespeare. From E. K. Chambers, William Shakespeare, Oxford University Press, 1930
FIG. 9—ATTRIBUTED TOP. OUDRY: Mary, Queen of Scots. National Portrait Gallery, London
FIG. 10—CORNELIS BOEL: Title Page of the King james Bible, 2611.
FIG. 11—CORNELIUS JANSSEN: Sir William Harvey. From Abraham Wolf, History of Science, Technology and Philosophy in the 16th and 17th Centuries, Macmillan Company
FIG. 12—ANONYMOUS: Benjamin Jonson. National Portrait Gallery, London
FIG. 13—PAUL VAN SOMER: Francis Bacon. National Portrait Gallery, London (Bettmann Archive)
FIG. 14—SIMON VAN DE PASSE: Title Page of Bacon’s “Instauratio Magna,” 1620
FIG:. 15—ANTHONY VANDYCK: King Charles I. Louvre, Paris
FIG 16—ALESSANDRO ALLORI: Torquato Tasso. Uffizi, Florence
FIG. 17—SASSOFERRATO: Pope Sixtus V. Lateran Gallery, Rome
FIG. 18—GUIDO RENI: St. Joseph. Corsini Gallery, Rome
FIG. 19-BERNINI: Tomb of Pope Urban VIII. St. Peter’s, Rome
FIG. 20–TITIAN: Philip II. Prado, Madrid (Bettmann Archive)
FIG. 21—The Escorial, Spain. Spanish National Tourist Office Photo
FIG. 22—JUAN DE JUAREGUI: Cervantes (Bettmann Archive)
FIG. 23—VELÁZQUEZ: Philip IV of Spain. The Frick Collection, New York
FIG 24–EL GRECO: Burial of Count Orgaz. Church of Santo Tomé, Toledo, Spain
FIG. 25-EL GRECO: The Assumption of the Virgin. The Art Institute of Chicago, Gift of Nancy Atwood Sprague memory of Albert Arnold Sprague
FIG. 26—VELÁZQUEZ: Pope Innocent X. Galleria Doria, Rome (Bettmann Archive)
FIG. 27—VELáZQUEZ: Las Meninas. Prado, Madrid
FIG. 28—VELáZQUEZ: Self-portrait. Detail from Las Meninas. Prado, Madrid (Bettmann Archive)
FIG. 29—MURILLO: λ Beggar Boy. Louvre, Paris
FIG. 30—AFTER CLOUET: Charles IX. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris
FIG. 31—SCHOOL OF CLOUET: Catherine de Médicis. Louvre, Paris
FIG. 32—CLOUET: Admiral Coligny. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris
FIG. 33— Death Mask of Henry IV. From Benkard, Undying Faces, W. W. Norton & Co.
FIG. 34— Michel de Montaigne. Musée de Condé, Chantilly (Bettmann Archive)
FIG. 35—POUSSIN: Et Ego in Arcadia. Louvre, Paris
FIG. 36—PHILIPPE DE CHAMPAIGNE: Cardinal Richelieu. Louvre, Paris
FIG. 37—ATTRIBUTED TO WILLEM KEY: Duke of Alva. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam (Bettmann Archive)
FIG. 38—MICHIEL JANSZOON VAN MIEREVELT: William the Silent. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam (Bettmann Archive)
FIG. 39—SCHOOL OF RUBENS: Ambrogio Spinola. The Frick Collection, New York
FIG. 40—RUBENS: Rubens and Isabella Brandt. Alte Pinakothek, Munich
FIG. 41—FRANS HALS: The Laughing Cavalier. Reproduced by permission of the Trustees of the Wallace Collection, London
FIG. 42—FRANS HALS: The Women Regents. Frans Halsmuseum, Haarlem
FIG. 43—ANTHONY VANDYCK: Self-portrait. The Jules S. Bache Collection, 1949; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (Bettmann Archive)
FIG. 44—REMBRANDT: The Artist’s Father. Mauritshuis, The Hague
FIG. 45—REMBRANDT: The Artist’s Mother. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
FIG. 46—REMBRANDT: Self-portrait. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna PAGE 487
FIG. 47—REMBRANDT: Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp. Mauritshuis, The Hague (Bettmann Archive) PAGE 488
FIG. 48— Queen Christina of Sweden. From F. W. Bain, Christina, Queen of Sweden: W. H. Allen & Co., London, 1890 PAGE 502
FIG. 49—BASED ON A SKETCH BY VANDYCK: Gustaims Adolphus. Alte Pinakothek, Munich (Bettmann Archive)
FIG. 50—JAN MATEJKO: King Stephen Bathory of Poland. From Stanislaw Witkiewicz, Matejko, Lwow, 1912
FIG. 51—Shah Abbas the Great. From Sir John Malcolm, History of Persia, vol. i: John Murray and Longman & Co., London, 1815
FIG. 52—Mosque of Sultan Ahmed, Istanbul. From Ulga Vogt-Göknil, Tü rkische Moscheen: Origo Verlag, Zürich, 1953
FIG. 53—Masjid-i-Shah, Portal to Sanctuary, Isfahan. From Arthur Upham Pope and Phyllis Ackerman, Survey of Persian Art, vol. iv: Oxford University Press, 1958
FIG. 54—Poet Seated in Garden. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
FIG. 55 -Safavid Tile Wall Panels, probably from Palace Chihil Sutun in Isfahan. (ABOVE, BELOW, BELOW LEFT). Rogers Fund, 1903; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
FIG. 56 —Persian Rug, from the Ardebil Mosque, Persia. Hewitt Fund, 1910;The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
FIG. 57—ANTHONY VANDYCK: Wallenstein. Alte Pinakothek, Munich
FIG. 58—SUSTERMANS: Galileo. Pitti Gallery, Florence (Bettmann Archive)
FIG. 59—FRANS HALS: Descartes. Louvre, Paris