The Age of Reason Begins: 1558-1648

BOOK I: THE ENGLISH ECSTASY: 1558–1648

Chapter I. THE GREAT QUEEN: 1558–1603

I. The Uses of Adversity

II. Elizabethan Government

III. The Amorous Virgin

IV. Elizabeth and Her Court

V. Elizabeth and Religion

VI. Elizabeth and the Catholics

VII. Elizabeth and the Puritans

VIII. Elizabeth and Ireland

IX. Elizabeth and Spain

X. Raleigh and Essex

XI. The Magic Fades

Chapter II. MERRIE ENGLAND: 1558–1625

I. At Work

II. In the Schools

III. Virtue and Vice

IV. Justice and the Law

V. In the Home

VI. English Music

VII. English Art

VIII. Elizabethan Man

Chapter III. ON THE SLOPES OF PARNASSUS: 1558–1603

I. Books

II. The War of the Wits

III. Philip Sidney

IV. Edmund Spenser

V. The Stage

VI. Christopher Marlowe

Chapter IV. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE: 1564–1616

I. Youth

II. Development

III. Mastery

IV. Artistry

V. Philosophy

VI. Reconciliation

VII. Post-Mortem

Chapter V. MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS: 1542–87

I. The Fairy Queen

II. Scotland

III. Mary and Knox

IV. The Queen in Love

V. Expiation

Chapter VI. JAMES VI AND I: 1567–1625

I. James VI of Scotland

II. James I of England

III. The Gunpowder Plot

IV. The Jacobean Stage

V. Ben Jonson

VI. John Donne

VII. James Sows the Whirlwind

Chapter VII. THE SUMMONS TO REASON: 1558–1649

I. Superstition

II. Science

III. The Rise and Fall of Francis Bacon

IV. The Great Renewal

V. A Statesman’s Philosophy

VI. The Chanticleer of Reason

Chapter VIII. THE GREAT REBELLION: 1625–49

I. The Changing Economy

II. The Religious Caldron

III. The Puritans and the Theater

IV. Caroline Prose

V. Caroline Poetry

VI. Charles I versus Parliament

VII. Charles Absolute

VIII. The Long Parliament

IX. The First Civil War

X. The Radicals

XI. Finis

BOOK II: THE FAITHS FIGHT FOR POWER: 1556–1648

Chapter IX. ALMA MATER ITALIA: 1564–1648

I. The Magic Boot

II. Rome and the Popes

III. The Jesuits

IV. Italian Days and Nights

V. The Birth of the Opera

VI. Letters

VII. Tasso

VIII. The Coming of Baroque

IX. The Arts in Rome

X. Bernini

Chapter X. GRANDEUR AND DECADENCE OF SPAIN: 1556–1665

I. Spanish Life

II. Philip II

III. Philip III

IV. Philip IV

V. Portugal

Chapter XI. THE GOLDEN AGE OF SPANISH LITERATURE: 1556–1665

I. El Siglo de Oro

II. Cervantes

III. The Poets

IV. Lope de Vega V. Calderón

V. Calderon

Chapter XII. THE GOLDEN AGE OF SPANISH ART: 1556–1682

I. Ars Una, Species Mille

II. El Greco

III. Zurbarán

IV. Velázquez

V. Murillo

Chapter XIII. THE DUEL FOR FRANCE: 1559–74

I. The Rival Forces

II. Catherine de Médicis

III. Arbitrament of Blood

IV. Massacre

Chapter XIV. HENRY IV: 1553–1610

I. Love and Marriage

II. Henry III

III. The Road to Paris

IV. The Creative King

V. The Satyr

VI. Assassination

Chapter XV. RICHELIEU: 1585–1642

I. Between Two Kings

II. Louis XIII

III. The Cardinal and the Huguenots

IV. The Cardinal and the Nobles

V. The Cardinal Supreme

VI. Epitaph

Chapter XVI. FRANCE BENEATH THE WARS: 1559–1643

I. Morals

II. Manners

III. Michel de Montaigne

IV. Immortals for a Day

V. Pierre Corneille

VI. Architecture

VII. Many Arts

VIII. Poussin and the Painters

Chapter XVII. THE REVOLT OF THE NETHERLANDS: 1558–1648

I. Mise-en-Scène

II. Margaret of Parma

III. Alva in the Netherlands

IV. Requeséns and Don Juan

V. Parma and Orange

VI. Triumph

Chapter XVIII. FROM RUBENS TO REMBRANDT: 1555–1660

I. The Flemings

II. Flemish Art

III. Rubens

IV. Vandyck

V. The Dutch Economy

VI. Dutch Life and Letters

VII. Dutch Arts

VIII. Frans Hals

IX. Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn

Chapter XIX. THE RISE OF THE NORTH: 1559–1648

I. Denmark as a Great Power

II. Sweden

III. Poland Goes to Canossa

IV. Holy Russia

Chapter XX. THE ISLAMIC CHALLENGE: 1566–1648

I. The Turks

II. Lepanto

III. Decline of the Sultans

IV. Shah Abbas the Great

V. Safavid Persia

Chapter XXI. IMPERIAL ARMAGEDDON: 1564–1648

I. The Emperors

II. The Empire

III. Morals and Manners

IV. Letters and Arts

V. The Hostile Creeds

VI. The Thirty Years’ War

VII. The Peace of Westphalia

BOOK III: THE TENTATIVES OF REASON: 1558–1648

Chapter XXII. SCIENCE IN THE AGE OF GALILEO: 1558–1648

I. Superstition

II. The Transmission of Knowledge

III. The Tools and Methods of Science

IV. Science and Matter

V. Science and Life

VI. Science and Health

VII. From Copernicus to Kepler

VIII. Kepler

IX. Galileo

Chapter XXIII. PHILOSOPHY REBORN: 1564–1648

I. Skeptics

II. Giordano Bruno

III. Vanini and Campanella

IV. Philosophy and Politics

V. The Epicurean Priest

VI. René Descartes

PHOTOGRAPHS

NOTES

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL GUIDE