136
871–964/1466–1557
The lower Volga and the adjacent steppelands
|
871/1466 |
Qāsim b. Maḥmūd b. Küchük Muḥammad |
|
895/1490 |
‘Abd al-Karīm b. Maḥmūd b. Küchük Muḥammad |
|
909/1504 |
Qāsim or Qasay b. Sayyid Ahmad |
|
938/1532 |
Aq Köbek b. Murtaḍā, first reign |
|
941/1534 |
‘Abd al-Raḥmān b.‘Abd al-Karīm |
|
945/1538 |
Shaykh Ḥaydar b. Shaykh Aḥmad |
|
948/1541 |
Aq Köbek, second reign |
|
951/1544 |
Yaghmurchi b. Birdi Beg |
|
961/1554 |
Russian conquest |
|
961–4/1554–7 |
Darwīsh ‘Alī b. Shaykh Ḥaydar, as a Russian nominee |
|
964/1557 |
Incorporation of the khanate into Russia |
During the decline of the Golden Horde (see above, no. 134), there arose at Astrakhan near the mouth of the Volga (a town long important from its position on the trade route down the Volga to the Caspian Sea and beyond) a line of Noghay Tatar khāns stemming from Or da’s White Horde through Toqtamïsh. The lands of the first khāns extended as far as the Kazan khanate (see below, no. 137) in the north, to Orenburg or Chkalov in the east and the lands of the Crimean Tatar khāns in the west. By the 1530s, ‘Abd al-Rahmān Khān was being pressed by the khāns of Crimea and the Noghays, and appealed for help to the Russian Tsar; but in 961/1554 Ivan IV (‘The Terrible’) conquered Astrakhan, and three years later deposed the puppet Darwīsh ‘Alī Khān when he began seeking support from his Tatar Muslim neighbours, and Astrakhan was incorporated into the Russian empire.
Lane-Poole, 229 and table at p. 240; Zambaur, 247 (fragmentary) and Table S.
İA ‘Astırhan, Astraḫan’ (R. Rahmeti Arat); EI1 Astrakhān’ (B. Spuler).