51
First to second/seventh to eighth centuries
Oman
|
Sa‘īd and Sulaymān b. ‘Abbād b. ‘Abd b. al-Julandā, joint rulers, abandoned Oman during the caliphate of ‘Abd al-Malik |
|
|
131–3/748–51 |
al-Julandā b. Mas‘ūd b. Ja‘far b. al-Julandā, first Ibādī Imām in Oman |
|
? –177/? –793 |
Rashīd b. al-Nazr and Muḥammad b. Zā‘ida, joint rulers on behalf of the ‘Abbāsids |
|
End of the second century/beginning of the ninth century Decline of Julandi power in Oman |
The Āl al-Julandā were a line of obvious importance in the pre-Islamic and early Islamic history of Oman, but one for which it seems impossible to construct a firm chronology of rule, since they impinged on the Islamic historical sources at only a few key points in their history. The line was of Azdi origin, and must have arrived in Oman as part of the general migrations of the Azd from Hijāz in pre-Islamic times, reaching there at a time when the coastlands at least of Oman were controlled by Sāsānid Persia, After the extension of Arab-Muslim control over eastern Arabia, the Julandā chiefs became representatives of the Medinan government. But Oman‘s role as a refuge area for Khārijls and other dissidents provoked an expedition during al-Hajjāj b. Yūsuf‘s governorship of Iraq and the East which ejected the Julandi brothers Sa‘īd and Sulaymān and forced them to flee to East Africa.
Al-Julandā b. Mas‘ūd was won over by the local Ibāḍī Khārijīs (see on the Ibādiyya, above, no. 9) and became their first Imām in Oman (the beginning of what was to be a tradition of allegiance to Ibāḍī doctrines there which has lasted to this day), but he was killed in 133/751 by a punitive expedition sent by the ‘Abbāsid caliph al-Saffāh (see above, no. 3, 1). Thereafter, the Āl al-Julandā seem to have abandoned leadership of the Ibādiyya, but the joint rulers Rashid and Muḥammad were overthrown in a tribal revolt in 177/793, and Julandi power then declined, after having been influential in Oman for three centuries; only odd members of the family are mentioned in the ninth century.
Zambaur, 125–6.
G. P. Badger, History of the Imâms and Seyyids of ‘Omân, by Salîl Ibn Razîk, from A.D. 661–1856, London 1871.
J. C. Wilkinson, The Julanda of Oman‘, Journal of Oman Studies, 1 (1975), 97–108, with a genealogical table at p. 106.
‘Isam ‘Alī Ahmed al-Rawas, Early Islamic Oman (ca. 622–1280/893), Durham University Ph.D. thesis 1992, unpubl, 166ff.