Appendix 2: Timeline of the Cold War

1940s

 

7 May 1945

Second World War: Germany surrenders.

14 August 1945

Second World War: Japan surrenders.

5 March 1946

Churchill’s ‘Iron Curtain’ speech.

12 March 1947

Harry S. Truman proposes the ‘Truman Doctrine’.

5 June 1947

Announcement of the Marshall Plan.

25 February 1948

Communist takeover in Czechoslovakia.

24 June 1948

Start of the Berlin Blockade.

4 April 1949

NATO established by Washington Treaty.

12 May 1949

End of the Berlin Blockade.

23 May 1949

Formal division into East and West Germany.

29 August 1949

Soviet Union detonate their first atomic bomb.

1 October 1949

People’s Republic of China founded.

   

1950s

 

February 1950

Start of the McCarthy era.

25 June 1950

Start of the Korean War.

19 October 1950

China enters Korean War.

1 November 1952

USA detonate world’s first hydrogen bomb.

5 March 1953

Death of Stalin.

16 June 1953

Uprising in East Germany.

27 July 1953

End of Korean War.

21 July 1954

Vietnam divided at the 17th parallel.

14 May 1955

Formation of the Warsaw Pact.

25 February 1956

Khrushchev denounces Stalin’s method of rule.

June 1956

Polish Uprising.

23 October 1956

Start of Hungarian Uprising.

November 1956

Suez Crisis.

10 November 1956

End of the Hungarian Uprising.

4 October 1957

Soviet Union launches the first satellite, or Sputnik, into space.

January 1958

Chairman Mao launches the Great Leap Forward.

1 January 1959

Fidel Castro takes power in Cuba.

September 1959

Khrushchev visits USA.

26 September 1959

Start of Vietnam War.

   

1960s

 

May 1960

US U-2 spy plane shot down over Moscow.

12 April 1961

Soviet astronaut, Yuri Gagarin, becomes the first man in space.

17 April 1961

US-backed Bay of Pigs invasion.

12–13 August 1961

Berlin Wall erected.

October 1962

Cuban Missile Crisis.

June 1963

John F. Kennedy visits West Berlin.

22 November 1963

Assassination of Kennedy.

2 August 1964

Gulf of Tonkin incident escalates Vietnam War.

16 May 1966

Chairman Mao launches the Cultural Revolution.

5–10 June 1967

Arab-Israeli Six-Day War.

4 April 1968

Assassination of Martin Luther King.

August 1968

Soviet tanks crush Czechoslovakian revolt.

20 July 1969

USA lands first man on the moon.

   

1970s

 

February 1972

Richard Nixon visits China.

26 May 1972

SALT I signed.

15 January 1973

Nixon halts US bombing of North Vietnam.

30 April 1973

North Vietnamese tanks enter Saigon.

6–25 October 1973

Arab-Israeli ‘Yom Kippur’ War.

8 August 1974

Nixon resigns following Watergate scandal.

30 April 1975

South Vietnam surrenders. End of war.

30 August 1975

Helsinki Accords signed.

16 October 1978

Karol Wojtyla appointed Pope John Paul II.

1 April 1979

Islamic republic proclaimed in Iran.

24 December 1979

Soviet Union’s invasion of Afghanistan.

   

1980s

 

13 December 1981

Martial law imposed in Poland and Solidarity banned.

1 September 1983

Soviet fighter plane shoots down a Korean civilian airliner.

26 April 1986

Explosion at nuclear power plant at Chernobyl.

12 June 1987

Ronald Reagan visits West Berlin.

15 May 1988

Soviet troops start to withdraw from Afghanistan.

15 February 1989

Soviet withdrawal completed.

16 June 1989

Reburial and state funeral of Imre Nagy.

June 1989

Student uprising in Beijing.

24 August 1989

First post-war, non-communist eastern European government comes to power in Poland.

7 October 1989

East Germany celebrates fortieth anniversary.

9 October 1989

Fall of the Berlin Wall.

17 November 1989

Start of the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia.

25 December 1989

Execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceauşescu in Romania.

   

1990s

 

11 March–4 May 1990

Baltic States declare independence.

3 October 1990

Germany reunified.

12 June 1991

Boris Yeltsin elected president of the Russian Federation.

June 1991

Last Soviet tanks leave eastern Europe.

1 July 1991

Warsaw Pact dissolved.

19 August 1991

Failed communist coup in Russia.

8 December 1991

Founding of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

25 December 1991

Gorbachev resigns.

31 December 1991

USSR formally dissolved.

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