Some Notes on the Notes
To keep hundreds of references from becoming thousands, and to keep them useful without becoming burdensome, I have adopted a few referencing conventions.
Unless otherwise specified, all archival citations refer to the Tasmanian Archive and Heritage Office housed within the State Library of Tasmania. This mostly concerns series of volumes from the Colonial Secretary’s Office (CSO), the Governor’s Office (GO), and convict (CON) and police (POL) records. Individual documents (e.g. letters and reports) are cited at first use per their full pagination within relevant volumes. Subsequent quotations are identifiable by context and preceding reference(s).
Government pronouncements such as proclamations, government orders, and government notices are identified by their date of issue, and any original numerator where such was used. These can most easily be identified by searching colonial newspapers for their reproduction.
A range of other government material (including selective garrison orders) were compiled and printed for the British House of Commons in 1831. This provides a convenient means of citing otherwise disparate or missing material. Officially titled Return to an Address of the Honourable The House of Commons, dated 19th July 1831; – for, Copies of all Correspondence between Lieutenant-Governor Arthur and His Majesty’s Secretary of State for the Colonies, on the Subject of the Military Operations lately carried on against the Aboriginal Inhabitants of Van Diemen’s Land, documents from this compilation will be cited per the abbreviation ‘Commons Return’.
Note that the much-used CSO1/1/320 (7578) volume has a pagination error, meaning that most of the 300s are duplicated. References are given per the uncorrected manuscript page numbers to avoid further confusion, but are easily identifiable by context and discoverable by the volume’s own organising sections.
Preface
1 On the resonance of the Vandemonian genocide within British history, see Tom Lawson’s The Last Man: A British Genocide in Tasmania (London: I. B. Taurus, 2014). See also the sizeable appendix ‘Towards Genocide’ in James Boyce’s Van Diemen’s Land (Melbourne: Black Inc., 2008). The Vandemonian War builds significantly on these lines of enquiry with more evidence.
2 For a recent survey of the field, see Murray Johnson and Ian McFarlane’s Van Diemen’s Land: An Aboriginal History (Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 2015). On experiential aspects of the conflict, see Nicholas Clements’s The Black War: Fear, Sex and Resistance in Tasmania(St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 2014). On military involvement see John F. McMahon, ‘The British Army: Its Role in Counter-Insurgency in the Black War in Van Diemen’s Land’, Tasmanian Historical Studies 5, 1996, pp. 56–63; and John Connor, ‘The Tasmanian Frontier and Military History’, Tasmanian Historical Studies 9, 2004, pp. 89–99. Other works of note include: Clive Turnbull, Black War: The Extermination of the Tasmanian Aborigines(Melbourne: F. W. Cheshire, 1943); Lyndall Ryan, The Aboriginal Tasmanians (St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1981), updated as Tasmanian Aborigines: A History Since 1803 (Crows Nest: Allen and Unwin, 2012); and Henry Reynolds’s body of work, especially Fate of a Free People (Ringwood: Penguin, 1995), and An Indelible Stain? The Question of Genocide in Australia’s History(Ringwood: Penguin, 2001).
Chapter One – Conquest and Division
1 See my 1787: The Lost Chapters of Australia’s Beginnings (Melbourne: Hardie Grant, 2016).
2 An excellent impression of the varied encounters can be found in James Kelly’s account of circumnavigating Van Diemen’s Land in 1815–16: University of Tasmania Library Special and Rare Collections, RS 99 (1).
3 Hobart Town Gazette, 5 November 1824, p. 2.
4 Hobart Town Gazette, 5 November 1824, p. 2.
5 Mary Nicholls (ed.), The Diary of the Reverend Robert Knopwood 1803–1838 (Sandy Bay: Tasmanian Historical Research Association, 1977), pp. 182, 217, 232, 293–94.
6 Grant Finlay, ‘Always Crackne in Heaven’, PhD Thesis, University of Tasmania, 2015, Appendix A, pp. 345–49. Note that some known Aboriginal offspring were baptised without specifically being labelled as ‘Aboriginal’ or similar, meaning these are at best indicative minimum figures.
7 Zoe Lawson, ‘George Vandiemen: A Tasmanian Aborigine in Lancashire, England, (1822–27)’, Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society, 99(2), 2013, pp. 153–69.
8 Hobart Town Courier, 3 May 1828, p. 4.
9 GO54/1/3, p. 292.
10 GO54/1/3, p. 310.
11 Proclamation, 15 April 1828. See Commons Return, pp. 22–24.
12 Historical Records of Australia (HRA), Series 3, Volume 4, pp. 134–54.
13 HRA 3(4), p. 149.
14 HRA 3(4), pp. 155–56.
15 HRA 3(4), pp. 162–63.
16 HRA 3(4), pp. 307–08.
17 Stefan Petrow, ‘Policing in a Penal Colony: Governor Arthur’s Police System in Van Diemen’s Land, 1826–1836’, Law and History Review 18(2), 2000, pp. 351–95.
18 Government Order, 19 February 1827.
19 Hobart Town Gazette, 7 July 1827, p. 2.
20 Hobart Town Courier, 24 November 1827, p. 2.
21 CSO41/1/1, pp. 2–5.
22 CSO41/1/1, pp. 6–10.
23 GO54/1/3, p. 257.
24 GO54/1/3, p. 253.
25 Government Notice, 29 November 1826. See Commons Return, pp. 20–21.
26 Colonial Times and Tasmanian Advertiser, 13 July 1827, p. 2.
27 CSO41/1/1, pp. 13, 119–20.
28 CSO41/1/1, pp. 119–20.
29 Government Notice, 29 November 1827. See Commons Return, p. 21.
30 Commons Return, pp. 21–22.
31 State Library of New South Wales, A 773 (Safe 1/360), 10 April 1816.
32 HRA 1(9), p. 54.
33 Kristyn Harman, Aboriginal Convicts: Australian, Khoisan, and Māori Exiles (Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 2012).
34 See Harman, Aboriginal Convicts, and Naomi Parry, ‘“Hanging no good for blackfellow”: Looking into the Life of Musquito’, in I. Macfarlane and M. Hannah (eds), Transgressions: Critical Australian Indigenous Histories (Acton: ANU E Press, 2007), pp. 153–76.
35 EC4/1/1, pp. 236–37.
36 EC4/1/1, p. 303.
37 Nicholas Dean Brodie, “‘He Had Been a Faithful Servant’: Henry Melville’s Lost Manuscripts, Black Tom, and Aboriginal Negotiations in Van Diemen’s Land”, Journal of Australian Colonial History 17, 2015, pp. 45–64.
38 CSO1/1/321, pp. 295–96.
39 GO54/1/3, pp. 234–35.
40 Hobart Town Courier, 22 March 1828, p. 3.
41 Hobart Town Courier, 12 April 1828, p. 3.
42 Hobart Town Courier, 19 April 1828, p. 3.
43 Hobart Town Courier, 22 March 1828, p. 3; Hobart Town Courier, 3 May 1828, p. 3.
Chapter Two – Scouring the Country
1 Hobart Town Courier, 12 April 1828, p. 3.
2 Hobart Town Courier, 7 June 1828, p. 2.
3 CSO41/1/1, p. 152.
4 CSO41/1/1, pp. 154–55.
5 CSO41/1/1, p. 156.
6 Brigade Major to Captain Walpole, 30 September 1828, Commons Return, pp. 25–26.
7 Hobart Town Courier, 18 October 1828, pp. 1–2.
8 CSO1/1/316, pp. 166–72.
9 CSO1/1/329, p. 284.
10 Danvers’ convict history is contained in CON31/1/9, no. 330, p. 111; CON32/1/1, no. D330; CON13/1/3.
11 CSO1/1/320, p. 6.
12 Proclamation, 1 November 1828, Commons Return, pp. 27–28.
13 Circular to the Magistrates, 1 November 1828, Commons Return, p. 28.
14 Brigade Major to Officers on Detachment, 3 November 1828, Commons Return, pp. 29–30.
15 CSO1/1/320, p. 7.
16 CSO1/1/320, pp. 8–10.
17 CSO41/1/1, p. 176.
18 CSO1/1/320, pp. 12–14.
19 CSO41/1/1, pp. 183–84.
20 CON31/1/18, no. 464, p. 155.
21 Hobart Town Courier, 6 September 1828, p. 2.
22 Hobart Town Courier, 15 November 1828, p. 2.
23 CSO1/1/320, p. 18.
24 CSO1/1/320, pp. 320–23.
25 Hobart Town Courier, 13 December 1828, p. 2.
26 CSO1/1/320, pp. 531–32.
27 CSO1/1/320, pp. 353–54.
Chapter Three – Clearing the Settled Districts
1 Commons Return, p. 9 [sic proferred].
2 Commons Return, p. 14.
3 CSO1/1/320, pp. 324–33.
4 CSO41/1/1, p. 204.
5 CSO1/1/320, p. 357.
6 CSO1/1/320, p. 361.
7 CSO1/1/320, p. 362.
8 CSO1/1/320, p. 360.
9 Hobart Town Courier, 20 December 1828, p. 2.
10 CSO1/1/320, p. 359.
11 Hobart Town Courier, 20 December 1828, p. 2.
12 CSO1/1/320, pp. 19–21.
13 CSO41/1/1, p. 191.
14 CSO41/1/1, p. 203.
15 CSO1/1/320, pp. 26–28.
16 CSO1/1/320, pp. 30–32.
17 GO54/1/1, pp. 167–68.
18 GO54/1/4, p. 117.
19 GO54/1/4, p. 132.
20 GO54/1/4, p. 129.
21 GO54/1/4, p. 155.
22 CD7/1/1.
23 CD7/1/1, pp. 136, 299–300, 309, 539, 701, 719.
24 CD7/1/1, pp. 30, 165.
25 CD7/1/1, pp. 22, 98.
26 CD7/1/1, pp. 211, 424.
27 Hobart Town Courier, 24 January 1829, p. 2; Hobart Town Courier, 31 January 1829, p. 2.
28 GO54/1/4, p. 27.
29 GO54/1/4, p. 130.
30 Hobart Town Courier, 17 January 1829, pp. 1–2.
31 Colonial Times, 30 January 1829, p. 3.
32 Launceston Advertiser, 9 February 1829, p. 3.
33 Hobart Town Courier, 24 January 1829, p. 2.
34 Colonial Times, 23 January 1829, p. 2.
35 Garrison Orders, 12 December 1828, Commons Return, p. 31.
36 Colonial Times, 30 January 1829, p. 3.
37 CSO41/1/1, p. 265.
38 CSO1/1/320, pp. 364–65.
39 Hobart Town Courier, 17 January 1829, p. 1.
Chapter Four – Mercenaries and Aboriginal Guides
1 GO54/1/4, p. 172.
2 CSO1/1/331, pp. 168–78.
3 CSO1/1/331, pp. 169–70.
4 Hobart Town Courier, 22 November 1828, p. 2.
5 GO54/1/4, pp. 120–21.
6 CSO1/1/331, pp. 158–60.
7 CSO1/1/331, p. 159.
8 CSO1/1/329, p. 269.
9 CSO41/1/1, pp. 250–51.
10 CSO41/1/1, pp. 185–86.
11 CSO41/1/1, p. 187.
12 CON31/1/1, no. 113, p. 29; CON31/1/27, no. 8, p. 3.
13 CSO41/1/1, p. 211.
14 CSO1/1/329, p. 278.
15 CSO1/1/331, p. 63.
16 CSO41/1/1, p. 207.
17 CSO1/1/331, pp. 79–92, 114–44. The latter document includes a copy of William Grant’s journal in pp. 123–31.
18 CSO1/1/331, pp. 186–88.
19 CSO1/1/331, p. 172.
20 CSO1/1/331, pp. 172–73.
21 CSO1/1/331, pp. 119–23.
22 CSO1/1/331, pp. 123–31.
23 CON31/1/15, no. 261, p. 87; CON13/1/2, p. 245.
24 CON31/1/15, no. 455, p. 152.
25 CON31/1/15, no. 518, p. 173.
26 CON31/1/27, no. 332, p. 111; CON14/1/1, no. 332, p. 2.
27 CSO1/1/331, p. 126.
28 CSO1/1/331, p. 127.
29 CSO1/1/320, p. 39.
30 CSO41/1/1, p. 223.
31 CSO41/1/1, pp. 231–34.
32 CSO1/1/331, p. 79.
33 CSO41/1/1, pp. 246–47.
34 CSO1/1/331, p. 79.
35 CSO41/1/1, pp. 216–17.
36 CSO1/1/331, p. 81.
Chapter Five – The Oatlands Roving Parties
1 CSO41/1/1, pp. 274–75. A copy also survives in POL576/1/1, bundle 5761.
2 CSO41/1/1, p. 281.
3 CSO41/1/1, pp. 277–78.
4 CSO41/1/1, p. 274.
5 Commons Return, p. 31; Colonial Times, 13 March 1829, p. 4.
6 GO54/1/4, pp. 244, 248.
7 GO54/1/4, p. 262.
8 Robinson’s journals are published in Friendly Mission: The Tasmanian Journals and Papers of George Augustus Robinson, 1829–1834, edited by N. J. B. Plomley, 2nd edition (Launceston: QVMAG and Quintus, 2008), p. 57.
9 GO54/1/5, pp. 149–51.
10 CSO41/1/1, p. 269.
11 GO54/1/4, pp. 327–29.
12 CSO41/1/1, pp. 272–73.
13 CSO1/1/320, pp. 40–41.
14 CSO41/1/1, p. 280.
15 As above, but see also CSO41/1/1, p. 284.
16 CSO1/1/320, p. 42.
17 CSO1/1/320, p. 45; see in connection CSO41/1/1, pp. 293–95.
18 CSO41/1/1, pp. 281–83.
19 CSO1/1/321, pp. 57–60.
20 For a full biography see Sarah Bakewell’s The English Dane: From King of Iceland to Tasmanian Convict (London: Vintage, 2006).
21 CON31/1/23, no. 298, p. 100.
22 Hobart Town Gazette, 6 May 1826, p. 2.
23 CSO41/1/1, p. 18.
24 CSO41/1/1, p. 64; Government Notice 105, 25 May 1828; Hobart Town Courier, 24 May 1828, p. 2.
25 CSO41/1/1, pp. 146–47, 157.
26 CSO1/1/320, pp. 275–78.
27 CSO41/1/1, pp. 304–05.
28 CSO1/1/320, pp. 295–96.
29 CSO1/1/320, pp. 279–94.
30 CSO1/1/320, pp. 280–81.
31 CSO1/1/320, p. 294.
Chapter Six – Offensive Defence in Reality and Record
1 Launceston Advertiser, 6 July 1829, p. 3.
2 CSO1/1/320, pp. 297–16.
3 CSO41/1/1, p. 298.
4 CSO41/1/1, p. 300.
5 CSO1/1/331, pp. 36–42.
6 CSO1/1/320, pp. 317–24.
7 CSO1/1/320, pp. 325–30.
8 CSO1/1/331, pp. 27–50.
9 CSO1/1/331, p. 50.
10 CSO1/1/331, pp. 27–31.
11 CSO1/1/331, p. 83.
12 CSO1/1/320, pp. 366–67.
13 CSO1/1/320, pp. 378–81.
14 GO54/1/5, pp. 19–20.
15 GO54/1/5, pp. 8–9; CSO41/1/1, p. 299.
16 GO54/1/5, pp. 25–27; CSO41/1/1, pp. 303–04.
17 CSO1/1/321, pp. 87–89.
18 CSO1/1/321, pp. 87–89.
19 CSO41/1/1, p. 307.
20 CSO1/1/321, pp. 57–59.
21 CSO1/1/321, p. 89.
22 Hobart Town Courier, 30 May 1829, p. 2.
23 Hobart Town Courier, 25 July 1829, p. 2.
24 Colonial Times, 28 August 1829, p. 3.
25 Launceston Advertiser, 24 August 1829, p. 3.
26 For more on these men, see Kristyn Harman, ‘Send in the Sydney Natives! Deploying Mainlanders against Tasmanian Aborigines’, Tasmanian Historical Studies 14, 2009, pp. 5–24.
27 CSO1/1/320, pp. 142–44.
28 Hobart Town Courier, 12 September 1829, p. 2.
29 CSO1/1/320, p. 143.
30 CSO41/1/1, p. 311; emphasis added.
31 CSO41/1/1, p. 311.
32 GO54/1/5, p. 51.
33 Launceston Advertiser, 7 September 1829, p. 2.
34 Hobart Town Courier, 12 September 1829, p. 2.
35 Colonial Times, 18 September 1829, p. 3.
36 CSO41/1/1, pp. 316–20.
Chapter Seven – The Methods and Landscape of Settlement
1 CSO1/1/320, pp. 146–48.
2 CSO1/1/320, pp. 155–58.
3 CSO41/1/1, p. 326.
4 CSO41/1/1, p. 327.
5 Hobart Town Courier, 3 October 1829, p. 2.
6 GO54/1/5, p. 35.
7 GO54/1/4, p. 243.
8 CSO1/1/330, pp. 40–48.
9 CSO1/1/320, pp. 389–90.
10 CSO1/1/320, pp. 382–83.
11 CSO1/1/320, pp. 334–37.
12 CSO41/1/1, pp. 327, 333–34, 343.
13 CSO41/1/1, p. 338.
14 CSO41/1/1, pp. 333, 350–51.
15 CSO1/1/330, pp. 47–50.
16 CSO41/1/1, p. 339.
17 CSO41/1/1, pp. 324–25.
18 CSO41/1/1, p. 343.
19 CSO41/1/1, p. 315.
20 Hobart Town Courier, 21 November 1829, p. 2.
21 CSO41/1/1, p. 343.
22 Colonial Times, 13 November 1829, p. 3.
23 CSO41/1/1, pp. 352–53.
24 HRA 3 (5), pp. 361–62, 612.
25 HRA 3 (5), pp. 651–53.
26 HRA 3 (6), pp. 116–18.
27 HRA 3 (6), pp. 150–51.
28 HRA 3 (6), pp. 376–77.
29 GO54/1/4, pp. 168–69.
30 Hobart Town Courier, 19 December 1829, p. 3.
31 GO54/1/4, p. 333; GO54/1/4, pp. 31, 73.
32 GO54/1/5, p. 136.
33 Hobart Town Courier, 17 October 1829, p. 2.
34 Colonial Times, 16 October 1829, p. 3; Hobart Town Courier, 24 October 1829, p. 2.
35 Hobart Town Courier, 23 January 1830, p. 3; CON31/1/1, no. 1180, p. 306.
36 CSO1/1/320, pp. 395–96.
37 CSO1/1/320, pp. 338–41.
38 Hobart Town Courier, 17 October 1829, p. 2.
39 Hobart Town Courier, 17 October 1829, p. 2.
40 Colonial Times, 6 November 1829, p. 3; Colonial Times, 13 November 1829, p. 3.
41 CSO1/1/320, pp. 385–87.
42 CSO1/1/331, pp. 71–74.
43 CSO41/1/1, p. 349.
44 Hobart Town Courier, 21 November 1829, p. 3; GO54/1/5, pp. 209–10: indicates that Vicary’s replacement assumed duties in Oatlands on 20 November 1829.
45 Hobart Town Courier, 28 November 1829, p. 2.
46 CSO41/1/1, p. 353.
47 Hobart Town Courier, 13 December 1828, p. 2.
48 Hobart Town Courier, 7 March 1829, p. 2.
49 Hobart Town Courier, 12 December 1829, p. 2.
50 CSO41/1/1, pp. 236–37.
51 Hobart Town Courier, 14 November 1829, p. 2.
52 Hobart Town Courier, 14 November 1829, p. 2.
53 CSO1/1/320, p. 52; CSO41/1/1, pp. 353–54.
54 CSO1/1/320, pp. 337–48.
55 CSO1/1/320, p. 335.
56 CSO41/1/1, p. 343.
57 CSO1/1/320, pp. 349–50.
58 CSO1/1/320, p. 351.
Chapter Eight – Aboriginal Auxiliaries
1 CSO41/1/1, p. 357; CSO1/1/320, pp. 57–58.
2 CSO1/1/320, p. 55.
3 CSO1/1/320, pp. 50–51.
4 CSO41/1/1, p. 356.
5 CSO1/1/331, pp. 6–8.
6 CSO1/1/331, pp. 2–5.
7 CSO41/1/1, p. 355.
8 CSO41/1/1, p. 359.
9 Hobart Town Courier, 20 June 1829, p. 2.
10 Hobart Town Courier, 1 March 1828, p. 4.
11 Hobart Town Courier, 7 March 1829, p. 3.
12 Hobart Town Courier, 4 April 1829, p. 2.
13 Friendly Mission, p. 66.
14 Hobart Town Courier, 18 July 1829, p. 2.
15 Hobart Town Courier, 4 April 1829, p. 2.
16 CSO41/1/1, pp. 149–51.
17 CSO41/1/1, p. 150.
18 Hobart Town Courier, 7 November 1829, p. 2.
19 CSO41/1/1, pp. 82, 96–97, 129, 141.
20 CSO41/1/1, pp. 124–25.
21 CSO41/1/1, pp. 162–63.
22 Hobart Town Courier, 28 February 1829, p. 2.
23 Hobart Town Courier, 7 March 1829, p. 4.
24 Hobart Town Courier, 16 August 1829, p. 1; Hobart Town Courier, 18 July 1829, p. 3.
25 CSO1/1/323, pp. 79–81.
26 Hobart Town Courier, 23 January 1830, p. 4.
27 CSO1/1/332, p. 1.
28 Hobart Town Courier, 21 March 1829, p. 2.
29 Colonial Times, 12 February 1830, p. 4.
30 Friendly Mission, p. 143.
31 Friendly Mission, p. 143.
32 CSO1/1/331, pp. 199–200.
33 CSO1/1/320, pp. 409–10.
34 CSO1/1/320, pp. 405–08.
35 CON31/1/42, no. 247, p. 83.
36 CON31/1/1, p. 217, no. 866.
37 CSO1/1/323, pp. 117–52.
38 LSD17/1/1, p. 23.
39 Colonial Times, 5 March 1830, p. 2; Colonial Times, 14 January 1831, p. 2.
40 See Tyrrell’s fascinating retraction in CSO1/1/320, pp. 425–28.
41 CSO1/1/320, pp. 61–62.
42 CSO1/1/320, p. 403.
43 CSO1/1/320, p. 340.
44 CSO1/1/320, pp. 335–36.
45 CSO1/1/320, pp. 337–40.
46 CSO41/1/1, p. 361.
47 CSO1/1/320, pp. 341–42.
48 CSO1/1/320, pp. 167–70.
49 CSO41/1/1, p. 368.
Chapter Nine – Pushing Further while Debating Peace
1 CSO1/1/320, pp. 411–13.
2 CSO1/1/320, pp. 351–55.
3 CSO1/1/320, pp. 355–68.
4 Hobart Town Courier, 13 February 1830, p. 2.
5 CSO41/1/1, p. 365.
6 CSO41/1/1, p. 369.
7 Hobart Town Courier, 20 February 1830, p. 2: Government Order 1, 19 February 1830.
8 Colonial Times, 19 February 1830, p. 3. It was also published in the Hobart Town Courier, 20 February 1830, p. 2.
9 Colonial Times, 19 February 1830, p. 3.
10 CBE1/1/1, pp. 3–6.
11 The testimony is recorded in two different volumes. One is the committee’s formal minutes, kept in clean copy: CBE1/1/1, pp. 3–6. The other is a rougher copy, with slightly different (but not mutually exclusive) commentary: CSO1/1/332, pp. 71–72.
12 CBE1/1/1, pp. 6–7; CSO1/1/332, pp. 72–74.
13 CBE1/1/1, pp. 7–8; CSO1/1/332, pp. 74–75.
14 CBE1/1/1, pp. 8–9.
15 GO54/1/5, pp. 236–38; Government Order 2, 25 February 1830. See Commons Return, p. 35 and Hobart Town Courier, 27 February 1830, p. 2.
16 Un-numbered notices immediately below the Government Order in Hobart Town Courier, 27 February 1830, p. 2.
17 GO54/1/5, p. 234.
18 GO54/1/5, p. 234; CSO41/1/1, p. 371.
19 GO54/1/5, p. 235; Government Notice 47, 26 February 1830, Hobart Town Courier, 27 February 1830, p. 2. It became law on 12 March: 11 Geo. IV, No. 2.
Chapter Ten – Roving Still
1 CBE1/1/1, pp. 10–14.
2 CBE1/1/1, pp. 49–80. See also Commons Return, pp. 35–46.
3 GO54/1/5, pp. 235–36.
4 GO54/1/5, pp. 235–36.
5 GO54/1/5, p. 241.
6 CSO41/1/1, p. 372.
7 CSO41/1/1, pp. 373–75.
8 CSO1/1/320, pp. 369–70.
9 Hobart Town Courier, 27 March 1830, p. 3.
10 Hobart Town Courier, 13 March 1830, p. 2.
11 Colonial Times, 19 March 1830, p. 3.
12 Hobart Town Courier, 13 March 1830, p. 3.
13 Colonial Times, 19 March 1830, p. 3.
14 Hobart Town Courier, 27 March 1830, p. 2: Commissariat Office, 25 March 1830.
15 CSO1/1/320, pp. 373–76.
16 Friendly Mission, pp. 167–68.
17 Friendly Mission, pp. 168–69.
18 CSO41/1/1, p. 375.
19 CSO1/1/320, p. 68.
20 Launceston Advertiser, 29 March 1830, p. 3.
21 Colonial Times, 2 April 1830, p. 3.
22 GO54/1/5, pp. 252–53.
23 Hobart Town Courier, 3 April 1830, p. 2.
24 GO54/1/5, pp. 252–53.
25 CSO41/1/1, p. 378.
26 CBE1/1/1, pp. 49–80.
27 CBE1/1/1, pp. 76–77.
28 CBE1/1/1, p. 76.
29 Launceston Advertiser, 5 April 1830, p. 2.
30 CSO/1/320, pp. 178–81.
31 GO54/1/5, p. 311.
32 CSO1/1/320, pp. 182–83.
33 CSO1/1/320, pp. 184–86.
34 CSO1/1/320, pp. 187–89.
35 Hobart Town Courier, 10 April 1830, p. 2; Government Notice 71, 7 April 1830.
36 CSO1/1/320, pp. 192–94.
37 CSO1/1/320, pp. 342–52.
38 CSO1/1/320, pp. 70–71.
39 CSO41/1/1, pp. 393–94.
40 CSO1/1/320, pp. 190–91.
41 CSO1/1/320, pp. 86–89.
42 Hobart Town Courier, 19 June 1830, p. 2; Launceston Advertiser, 21 June 1830, p. 3.
43 Hobart Town Courier, 19 June 1830, p. 2.
44 Hobart Town Courier, 5 June 1830, p. 3.
45 Hobart Town Courier, 17 April 1830, p. 2; Government Notice 73, 15 April 1830.
46 CSO41/1/1, p. 382.
47 CSO41/1/1, p. 387.
Chapter Eleven – Beyond the Limits of Law and Documentation
1 CSO1/1/320, pp. 379–81.
2 Colonial Times, 12 March 1830, p. 3.
3 Colonial Times, 12 March 1830, p. 3.
4 Colonial Times, 26 March 1830, p. 3; Hobart Town Courier, 27 March 1830, pp. 3–4.
5 Colonial Times, 12 March 1830, p. 3.
6 CSO1/1/320, pp. 377–78.
7 CSO1/1/320, pp. 379–81.
8 CSO41/1/1, pp. 382–83.
9 CSO1/1/320, pp. 379–82.
10 CSO1/1/228, pp. 211–14.
11 CSO1/1/228, pp. 211–14.
12 CSO1/1/320, pp. 425–28.
13 Launceston Advertiser, 22 March 1830, p. 2.
14 CSO1/1/320, pp. 415–18.
15 CSO1/1/320, p. 419. This mission was also reported in some detail in a letter to the Hobart Town Courier, 29 May 1830, p. 2.
16 Colonial Times, 11 June 1830, p. 3.
17 Colonial Times, 30 April 1830, p. 2.
18 Hobart Town Courier, 8 May 1830, p. 2; Government Notice 95, 5 May 1830; CSO41/1/1, p. 390; GO54/1/5, p. 268.
19 Colonial Times, 28 May 1830, p. 4.
20 Hobart Town Courier, 27 March 1830, p. 2.
21 GO54/1/5, p. 302.
22 CSO41/1/1, pp. 394–96.
23 CSO41/1/1, pp. 395–96.
24 CSO41/1/1, p. 418.
25 CSO41/1/1, p. 397.
26 CSO1/1/320, pp. 453–54.
27 Launceston Advertiser, 22 March 1830, p. 2.
28 Hobart Town Courier, 29 May 1830, p. 2.
29 Hobart Town Courier, 29 May 1830, p. 2.
30 CSO1/1/320, pp. 453–54.
31 CSO41/1/1, pp. 399–400.
32 CBE1/1/1, pp. 43–47.
33 CSO1/1/320, pp. 72–73.
34 CSO1/1/320, p. 197.
35 CSO1/1/320, p. 454; CSO41/1/1, p. 408.
36 GO51/1/5, pp. 310–11.
37 CSO1/1/320, pp. 453–54.
38 Hobart Town Courier, 29 May 1830, p. 2.
39 CSO1/1/320, pp. 74–76.
40 CSO41/1/1, p. 403.
41 CSO1/1/320, pp. 77–78.
Chapter Twelve – Keeping up the Pretence and the Pressure
1 CSO1/1/320, pp. 80–81.
2 CSO1/1/320, pp. 82–85.
3 Colonial Times, 18 June 1830, p. 3; Hobart Town Courier, 19 June 1830, p. 2.
4 RDG36/1/1, no. 1370, p. 11.
5 CSO41/1/1, p. 413.
6 Colonial Times, 25 June 1830, p. 3.
7 Colonial Times, 25 June 1830, p. 3.
8 GO54/1/5, pp. 316–17.
9 Hobart Town Courier, 19 June 1830, p. 2; Government Notice 118, 16 June 1830.
10 CSO1/1/320, pp. 383–84.
11 CSO41/1/1, p. 423.
12 CSO1/1/320, p. 93.
13 CSO1/1/320, pp. 91–92.
14 Colonial Times, 16 July 1830, p. 3.
15 Colonial Times, 16 July 1830, p. 3.
16 CSO1/1/320, p. 427.
17 CSO1/1/320, pp. 348–49.
18 Colonial Times, 30 July 1830, p. 2.
19 Colonial Times, 23 July 1830, p. 3.
20 Colonial Times, 16 July 1830, p. 3.
21 Colonial Times, 26 February 1830, p. 3.
22 CSO41/1/1, pp. 428–29.
23 CSO1/1/320, pp. 98–101.
24 CON31/1/42, no. 58, p. 53.
25 CSO41/1/1, p. 435.
26 CSO1/1/320, pp. 429–30.
27 CSO1/1/320, pp. 95–96.
28 Hobart Town Courier, 31 July 1830, p. 3; Government Notice 146, 30 July 1830; GO54/1/6, pp. 31–32.
29 CSO1/1/320, pp. 431–32.
30 Colonial Times, 13 August 1830, p. 3.
Chapter Thirteen – Captivity, Qualms and Escalation
1 CSO1/1/320, pp. 102–05.
2 Hobart Town Courier, 14 August 1830, p. 2.
3 Hobart Town Courier, 14 August 1830, p. 2.
4 Colonial Times, 20 August 1830, p. 3.
5 CSO41/1/1, pp. 439–41.
6 Launceston Advertiser, 26 July 1830, p. 2.
7 Hobart Town Courier, 4 September 1830, p. 2.
8 Hobart Town Courier, 14 August 1830, p. 3.
9 Colonial Times, 27 August 1830, p. 2.
10 Colonial Times, 19 February 1830, p. 3.
11 CSO41/1/1, pp. 439–41.
12 Colonial Times, 10 September 1830, p. 1; Government Notice 175, 9 September 1830.
13 Colonial Times, 10 September 1830, p. 1; Government Notice 177, 9 September 1830.
14 Hobart Town Courier, 21 August 1830, p. 2; Government Notice 159, 11 August 1830.
15 CSO41/1/1, pp. 439–41.
16 CON31/1/13, no. 123, p. 42.
17 CON21/1/1, no. F123.
18 Hobart Town Gazette, 29 September 1827, p. 9.
19 State Library of New South Wales, DLADD 83.
20 Hobart Town Courier, 28 August 1830, p. 2; Government Notice 161, 20 August 1830.
21 Colonial Times, 3 September 1830, p. 3.
22 Colonial Times, 27 August 1830, p. 3.
23 Hobart Town Courier, 28 August 1830, p. 2.
24 CBE1/1/1, p. 81.
25 Colonial Times, 20 August 1830, p. 1; Government Notice 160, 19 August 1830.
26 Government Notice 166, 27 August 1830.
27 Commons Return, pp. 62–64
28 Government Order 9, 9 September 1830. See Commons Return, pp. 64–66.
29 CSO41/1/1, p. 434.
30 CSO41/1/1, p. 437.
31 CSO41/1/1, pp. 439–41.
32 Colonial Times, 20 August 1830, p. 2.
33 CSO41/1/1, pp. 445–46.
34 CSO41/1/1, p. 449.
35 Launceston Advertiser, 16 August 1830, p. 2; Friendly Mission, p. 225.
36 CSO1/1/320, pp. 106–07.
Chapter Fourteen – Agitation and Armament
1 CSO41/1/1, p. 450.
2 CSO41/1/1, pp. 449–50.
3 CSO1/1/321, pp. 141–42.
4 CSO1/1/321, pp. 138–40.
5 CSO1/1/321, pp. 154–57.
6 CSO1/1/321, pp. 163–64.
7 CSO1/1/321, pp. 165–68.
8 CSO41/1/1, pp. 451–52.
9 CSO1/1/321, pp. 172–74.
10 CON31/1/13, no. 9, p. 4; CON23/1/1, no. F9; CON13/1/1, p. 3.
11 Probably the case of William Morgan, sentenced to death for sheep stealing: Sydney Gazette, 25 September 1819, p. 3.
12 Phillip J. Hilton, ‘“Branded D on the Left Side”: A Study of Former Soldiers and Marines Transported to Van Diemen’s Land: 1804–1854’, PhD Thesis, University of Tasmania, 2010, pp. 114, 425.
13 CSO1/1/321, pp. 192–93.
14 CSO1/1/321, pp. 194–96; CON31/1/9, no. 275, p. 92; Hilton, ‘Branded D on the Left Side’, p. 422.
15 CSO1/1/321, pp. 205–08; GO54/1/6, pp. 32–34.
16 CSO41/1/1, pp. 451–52.
17 CSO41/1/1, pp. 451–52.
18 Hobart Town Courier, 11 September 1830, p. 3.
19 University of Tasmania Library Special and Rare Collections, RS48, 30 August 1830.
20 CSO1/1/320, pp. 385–91.
21 Government Order 11, 22 September 1830. See Commons Return, pp. 66–70.
22 Colonial Times, 17 September 1830, p. 1.
23 CSO41/1/1, p. 452.
24 Launceston Advertiser, 27 September 1830, p. 3.
25 Colonial Times, 24 September 1830, pp. 3–4; Hobart Town Courier, 25 September 1830, p. 2.
26 CSO41/1/1, p. 453.
27 CSO41/1/1, p. 457.
28 CSO1/1/329, pp. 85–88.
29 CSO41/1/1, p. 458; CSO1/1/329, pp. 16–19.
30 CSO41/1/1, p. 459.
31 CSO41/1/1, p. 458; CSO1/1/329, pp. 16–19.
32 CSO41/1/1, p. 457.
33 CSO1/1/329, pp. 75–76.
34 CSO41/1/1, p. 461.
35 CSO1/1/329, pp. 69–72, 136–37.
36 CSO1/1/329, p. 63.
37 CSO1/1/329, p. 67.
38 CSO1/1/329, pp. 3–5.
39 CSO1/1/329, pp. 14, 81.
40 CSO1/1/329, pp. 12, 79, 99.
41 CSO1/1/329, pp. 89–90.
42 Hobart Town Courier, 2 October 1830, p. 2.
43 CSO1/1/329, pp. 105–07.
44 CSO1/1/329, pp. 101–02.
45 CSO1/1/329, pp. 69–72.
46 Launceston Advertiser, 4 October 1830, p. 1.
Chapter Fifteen – Propaganda and the Preliminary Manoeuvres
1 CSO1/1/324.
2 National Library of Australia, MS 3311. See also Nicholas Dean Brodie, ‘It Is “a Matter of History and Mentioned in Several Authoritative Writings”: Reminiscing “The Line” in Tasmania’s “Black War”, c. 1830 – 1916’, Tasmanian Historical Studies 20, 2015, pp. 41–63.
3 CSO41/1/1, p. 456.
4 Proclamation, 1 October 1830. See Commons Return, p. 71.
5 A phenomenon I became aware of undertaking doctoral research: Nicholas Dean Brodie, ‘Beggary, Vagabondage, and Poor Relief: English Statutes in the Urban Context, 1495–1572’, PhD Thesis, University of Tasmania, 2010.
6 Colonial Times, 1 October 1830, p. 3.
7 Hobart Town Courier, 2 October 1830, p. 2.
8 Hobart Town Courier, 2 October 1830, p. 4.
9 Colonial Times, 8 October 1830, pp. 2–3.
10 Government Order 11, 22 September 1830.
11 CSO1/1/324, pp. 17–19.
12 CSO1/1/324, pp. 19–22.
13 State Library of New South Wales, A 1055/2; the manuscript is unpaginated.
14 Hobart Town Courier, 4 September 1830, p. 1.
15 CSO41/1/1, p. 456.
16 State Library of New South Wales, A 1055/2.
17 CSO1/1/324, pp. 373–74.
18 CSO1/1/324, pp. 375–77.
19 CSO1/1/324, pp. 19–22.
20 CSO1/1/324, pp. 127–28.
21 Copies of Robert Lawrence’s diaries survive in the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery in Launceston, Plomley Collection CHS 53 33/2. I have used a transcript of this material very kindly supplied by Dr Eleanor Cave. For more on this source see Eleanor Cave, ‘“Journal during the Expedition against the Blacks”: Robert Lawrence’s Experience on the Black Line’, Journal of Australian Studies 37(1), 2013, pp. 34–47.
22 Launceston Advertiser, 27 September 1830, p. 2.
23 Launceston Advertiser, 27 September 1830, p. 2.
24 Launceston Advertiser, 4 October 1830, p. 2.
25 CSO41/1/1, p. 456.
26 Launceston Advertiser, 27 September 1830, p. 2.
27 Launceston Advertiser, 4 October 1830, p. 2.
28 Launceston Advertiser, 27 September 1830, p. 2.
29 Government Notice 183, 16 September 1830; Hobart Town Courier, 18 September 1830, p. 2.
30 Government Notice 182, 15 September 1830; Government Notice 184, 16 September 1830; Hobart Town Courier, 18 September 1830, p. 2.
31 Government Notice 186, 17 September 1830; The rewards were printed as ‘a thousand acres’ each in the Hobart Town Courier, 18 September 1830, p. 2, but corrected a week later in the Hobart Town Courier, 25 September 1830, p. 3.
32 CSO41/1/1, pp. 461–62; Government Notice 193, 2 October 1830; Government Order 12, 7 October 1830, p. 2.
Chapter Sixteen – Necessity Has No Law
1 CSO1/1/324, pp. 24–25.
2 Colonial Times, 15 October 1830, p. 3.
3 Colonial Times, 15 October 1830, p. 3.
4 Colonial Times, 22 October 1830, p. 3.
5 Colonial Times, 29 October 1830, p. 3.
6 Colonial Times, 22 October 1830, p. 3.
7 James Bonwick, The Last of the Tasmanians; or, The Black War of Van Diemen’s Land (London: Sampson Low, 1870).
8 CSO1/1/324, pp. 26–29.
9 CSO1/1/324, p. 30.
10 CSO1/1/324, pp. 123–25.
11 CSO1/1/324, pp. 31–32.
12 University of Tasmania Library Special and Rare Collections, RS131(1), pp. 1–2.
13 Colonial Times, 15 October 1830, p. 4.
14 CSO1/1/324, pp. 37–38.
15 Government Notice 203, 18 October 1830; Hobart Town Courier, 18 October 1830, p. 1.
16 Government Notice 203, 18 October 1830; Hobart Town Courier, 18 October 1830, p. 1.
17 CSO1/1/324, pp. 40–41.
18 William Henry Breton, Excursions in New South Wales, Western Australia, and Van Diemen’s Land (London, 1833), pp. 402–03.
19 CSO1/1/329, pp. 166–67.
20 Lawrence’s Journal, 8 October 1830.
21 Hobart Town Courier, 30 October 1830, p. 2.
22 CSO1/1/324, pp. 133–34.
23 State Library of New South Wales, A 1055/2. See the letter from Douglas, ‘Sent Near Hobb’s Bluff’, 18 October 1830.
24 Colonial Times, 29 October 1830, p. 3.
25 Hobart Town Courier, 23 October 1830, p. 2.
26 Hobart Town Courier, 30 October 1830, p. 2.
27 CSO1/1/324, pp. 43–45.
28 CSO1/1/324, pp. 46–48.
29 CSO1/1/324, pp. 47–48. This record appears misdated 30 October instead of 20 October. Another copy of this memorandum survives in Scott’s collection, dated 20 October.
30 CSO1/1/324, pp. 48–49.
31 CSO1/1/324, pp. 50–51.
32 CSO1/1/324, pp. 135–36.
33 CSO1/1/324, pp. 52–53.
34 CSO1/1/324, pp. 54–57.
35 CSO1/1/324, pp. 139–40. See other reports of this incident in the Hobart Town Courier, 30 October 1830, p. 2.
36 CSO1/1/324, pp. 141–42.
37 CSO1/1/324, p. 58.
38 CSO1/1/324, p. 57.
Chapter Seventeen – Harass Them if They Cannot Be Taken
1 CSO1/1/324, pp. 409–12.
2 Hobart Town Courier, 6 November 1830, p. 2.
3 University of Tasmania Library Special and Rare Collections RS131(1), p. 2.
4 CSO1/1/328, p. 16.
5 There was also a ‘Black Christie’ serving under Field Policeman Nicholas Carr: CSO1/1/328, p. 34. While admittedly not necessarily an Aboriginal man, it nonetheless contradicts simplistic notions that the Vandemonian War was a race or colour war.
6 CSO1/1/329, pp. 159–60.
7 CSO1/1/324, pp. 33–36.
8 CSO1/1/324, pp. 397–402.
9 CSO1/1/324, pp. 407–08.
10 Hobart Town Courier, 23 October 1830, p. 2.
11 Hobart Town Courier, 16 October 1830, p. 2.
12 Hobart Town Courier, 6 November 1830, p. 2; Hobart Town Courier, 13 November 1830, p. 2.
13 Tasmanian, 5 November 1830, p. 3.
14 Hobart Town Courier, 13 November 1830, p. 2.
15 Tasmanian, 5 November 1830, p. 3.
16 Hobart Town Courier, 30 October 1830, p. 2.
17 Bonwick, Last of the Tasmanians, p. 163.
18 CSO1/1/232, pp. 59–66.
19 CSO1/1/324, pp. 143–56.
20 CSO1/1/324, pp. 327–28.
21 CSO1/1/324, pp. 66–70.
22 CSO1/1/324, pp. 71–77.
23 CSO1/1/324, p. 80; CSO1/1/329, p. 134.
24 CSO1/1/324, p. 79.
25 Colonial Times, 5 November 1830, p. 3.
26 State Library of New South Wales, A 1055/2; Tasmanian, 5 November 1830, p. 3.
27 CSO1/1/324, p. 69.
28 George Thomas Lloyd, Thirty-Three Years in Tasmania and Victoria; Being the Actual Experience of the Author, Interspersed with Historic Jottings, Narratives, and Counsel to Emigrants (London, 1862), p. 225. The chapter dealing with the subject was titled ‘Colonists v. Natives’.
29 Lloyd, Thirty-Three Years in Tasmania and Victoria, p. 231.
30 Lloyd, Thirty-Three Years in Tasmania and Victoria, pp. 231–32.
31 CSO1/1/324, pp. 73–85.
32 CSO1/1/324, pp. 433–37.
33 CSO1/1/324, pp. 439–40.
34 CSO1/1/324, pp. 441–42.
35 CSO1/1/324, p. 181.
36 CSO1/1/324, pp. 443–45.
37 CSO1/1/324, p. 85.
38 CSO1/1/324, pp. 443–45.
39 CSO1/1/324, pp. 88–89.
40 CSO1/1/324, pp. 90–94.
41 CSO1/1/324, p. 221.
42 CSO1/1/324, pp. 223–24.
43 CSO1/1/324, pp. 229–30.
44 CSO1/1/324, pp. 96–98.
45 Tasmanian, 19 November 1830, p. 6.
46 CSO1/1/324, p. 95.
47 Hobart Town Courier, 20 November 1830, p. 2.
48 Hobart Town Courier, 20 November 1830, p. 2.
49 Commons Return, p. 74 [the original is misprinted as 47].
50 CSO1/1/324, pp. 99–103.
51 CSO1/1/320, pp. 396–98.
52 CSO1/1/320, p. 398.
53 CSO1/1/324, pp. 106–07.
54 Government Order 13, 26 November 1830.
Chapter Eighteen – From Open War to Black Operations
1 CSO1/1/324, p. 325.
2 CSO1/1/320, pp. 112–13.
3 CSO1/1/324, p. 343.
4 RGD341/1/, no. 2342.
5 CSO1/1/324, pp. 471–73.
6 CSO1/1/324, pp. 360–61.
7 CSO1/1/320, pp. 120–21.
8 CSO41/1/1, p. 482.
9 CSO41/1/1, p. 491.
10 Hobart Town Courier, 11 December 1830, p. 2.
11 CSO1/1/324, pp. 487–88.
12 CSO1/1/320, pp. 115–19.
13 Tasmanian, 24 December 1830, p. 1; Hobart Town Courier, 25 December 1830, p. 3.
14 Hobart Town Courier, 27 November 1830, p. 2.
15 Hobart Town Courier, 4 December 1830, p. 2.
16 CSO1/1/320, pp. 125–26.
17 CSO1/1/320, p. 126.
18 Friendly Mission, note 6, pp. 466–67.
19 See James Erskine Calder, Some Account of the Wars, Extirpation, Habits, etc. of the Native Tribes of Tasmania (Hobart, 1876).
20 State Library of New South Wales, A 597, pp. 73–76.
21 Friendly Mission, p. 282.
22 Friendly Mission, p. 284.
23 Friendly Mission, p. 304.
24 Friendly Mission, p. 291.
25 Friendly Mission, p. 291.
26 Friendly Mission, p. 292.
27 Friendly Mission, p. 292.
28 Friendly Mission, p. 297.
29 Friendly Mission, pp. 295–96.
30 Friendly Mission, p. 296.
31 Friendly Mission, p. 297.
32 Friendly Mission, p. 312.
33 Friendly Mission, p. 316.
34 Friendly Mission, pp. 297–98.
35 Friendly Mission, p. 298.
36 Friendly Mission, pp. 298–99.
37 Friendly Mission, p. 300.
38 Friendly Mission, p. 301.
39 Friendly Mission, pp. 302–04.
40 Friendly Mission, pp. 305–06.
41 Friendly Mission, p. 309.
42 State Library of New South Wales, A 597, pp. 73–76 (1–4).
43 Friendly Mission, pp. 309–11.
44 Friendly Mission, p. 311.
45 Friendly Mission, p. 319.
46 Friendly Mission, p. 319.
47 Friendly Mission, p. 319.
48 Friendly Mission, p. 322.
49 Friendly Mission, pp. 323–24.
50 Friendly Mission, p. 344.
51 Friendly Mission, p. 347.
52 University of Tasmania Library Special and Rare Collections, Cotton Family Papers, C7/58(1), p. 1.
53 For example: Hobart Town Courier, 25 December 1830, p. 3 (New Norfolk); Launceston Advertiser, 3 January 1831, p. 7 (Launceston); Colonial Times, 7 January 1831, p. 4 (Richmond); Colonial Times, 7 January 1831, p. 1 (Campbell Town); Hobart Town Courier, 15 January 1831, p. 2 (Richmond); Hobart Town Courier, 22 January 1831, p. 2 (Norfolk Plains); Hobart Town Courier, 26 February 1831, p. 4 (Hobart).
54 Friendly Mission, p. 349.
55 Friendly Mission, pp. 349–50.
56 CBE1/1/1, pp. 84–86.
57 CBE1/1/1, pp. 87–95.
58 CBE1/1/1, pp. 92–93.
59 CBE1/1/1, pp. 94–95.
60 CSO1/1/320, pp. 122–24.
Chapter Nineteen – The War after the War
1 CSO1/1/320, pp. 122–24.
2 CSO1/1/320, p. 398.
3 CSO1/1/320, pp. 399–309 [Sic]. As noted earlier, there is a pagination error in the volume commencing during this report. After page 405 the sequence runs from 306.
4 CSO1/1/320, pp. 310–13.
5 CSO1/1/320, p. 312.
6 CSO1/1/320, p. 310.
7 Colonial Times, 1 February 1831, p. 2.
8 CSO1/1/320, pp. 315–17.
9 CSO1/1/320, p. 317.
10 CSO41/1/2, p. 8.
11 Commons Return, p. 82.
12 Commons Return, pp. 83–84.
13 Government Order 12, 7 October 1830.
14 CSO41/1/1, p. 487.
15 CSO41/1/1, pp. 489–90.
16 CSO41/1/1, p. 499.
17 Colonial Times, 1 March 1831, p. 2.
18 Hobart Town Courier, 5 March 1831, p. 2.
19 James Holman, Travels in China, New Zealand, New South Wales, Van Diemen’s Land, Cape Horn, Etc. Etc., Second Edition (London, 1840), pp. 394–442.
20 Holman, Travels, p. 406.
21 CSO41/1/1, unpaginated, 10 March 1831 (10,854/21).
22 CSO41/1/1, unpaginated, 10 March 1831 (10,854/21); CSO1/1/495, p. 64.
23 CSO1/1/495, p. 66.
24 Hobart Town Courier, 12 March 1831, p. 2.
25 Colonial Times, 22 March 1831, pp. 2–3.
26 Holman, Travels, p. 436.
27 Holman, Travels, pp. 412–13.
28 Holman, Travels, p. 414.
29 Holman, Travels, pp. 422–23.
30 Holman, Travels, p. 425.
31 Holman Travels, p. 432.
32 Lawrence’s diary reveals he had visited Holman earlier while in Hobart.
33 Holman, Travels, p. 437.
34 Holman, Travels, pp. 437–41.
35 Government Notice 39, 25 February 1831.
36 CSO1/1/495, pp. 26–27, 61–62.
37 CSO1/1/495, pp. 14–15.
38 CSO1/1/495, pp. 39–40.
Chapter Twenty – Allies, Enemies and Ambiguities
1 Government Order 39, 25 February 1831.
2 CSO1/1/495, pp. 81–86.
3 CSO41/1/2, pp. 13–15.
4 CSO41/1/1, unpaginated, 9 March 1831 (10,852/59).
5 CSO41/1/2, pp. 9–10.
6 CON31/1/6, no. 436, p. 146.
7 CSO41/1/2, p. 15.
8 CSO41/1/2, pp. 2, 20, 22.
9 CSO41/1/2, pp. 1–2.
10 CSO1/1/495, pp. 112–13.
11 CSO1/1/495, p. 113; CSO41/1/2, p. 30.
12 CSO1/1/495, pp. 136–38.
13 Launceston Advertiser, 14 March 1831, p. 85.
14 CSO41/1/2, pp. 40–41.
15 CSO41/1/1, unpaginated, 6 July 1831 (10,854/54); CSO41/1/2, p. 49.
16 CSO41/1/2, pp. 45–46.
17 Launceston Advertiser, 11 July 1831, p. 213.
18 CSO1/1/320, pp. 127–28.
19 Hobart Town Courier, 16 July 1831, p. 3.
20 CSO41/1/2, pp. 55–56.
21 CSO41/1/2, pp. 45–46.
22 Colonial Times, 14 January 1831, p. 2.
23 CBE1/1/1, pp. 97–107.
24 CBE1/1/1, p. 105b.
25 CBE1/1/1, p. 106.
26 CSO41/1/2, p. 54.
27 CSO41/1/2, pp. 55–56.
28 CSO1/1/495, p. 155.
29 CSO1/1/320, pp. 449–52.
30 CBE1/1/1, pp. 109–11.
31 CSO1/1/320, pp. 449–52.
32 CSO1/1/316, pp. 941–44.
33 For more details, see Nicholas Dean Brodie, ‘From “Miss Dalrymple” to “Daring Dolly”: A Life of Two Historiographical Episodes’, Aboriginal History 38, 2014, pp. 89–107.
34 Government Notice 196, 22 September 1831.
35 CSO1/1/320, pp. 447–48.
36 Tasmanian, 10 September 1831, p. 6.
37 Launceston Advertiser, 12 September 1831, p. 287.
38 Launceston Advertiser, 19 September 1831, pp. 291–92.
39 Launceston Advertiser, 19 September 1831, pp. 291–92.
40 Launceston Advertiser, 19 September 1831, pp. 291–92.
41 Launceston Advertiser, 26 September 1831, p. 299.
42 Tasmanian, 1 October 1831, p. 309.
43 CBE1/1/1, pp. 111–12.
44 Friendly Mission, p. 382.
45 Friendly Mission, p. 392.
46 Friendly Mission, pp. 375–76.
47 Friendly Mission, p. 377.
48 Friendly Mission, p. 377.
49 Friendly Mission, pp. 387, 389–90.
50 Friendly Mission, pp. 378, 388–89.
51 Friendly Mission, p. 391.
52 Friendly Mission, p. 404.
53 Friendly Mission, p. 411.
54 Friendly Mission, p. 412.
55 Friendly Mission, pp. 426–27.
56 Friendly Mission, p. 427.
57 Friendly Mission, p. 429.
58 Friendly Mission, p. 440.
59 Friendly Mission, pp. 441–42.
60 Friendly Mission, pp. 442–43.
61 Friendly Mission, p. 444.
62 Friendly Mission, p. 411.
63 Friendly Mission, p. 432.
64 Friendly Mission, p. 445.
65 Friendly Mission, p. 447.
66 Friendly Mission, p. 447.
67 Friendly Mission, p. 448.
68 Friendly Mission, pp. 449–50.
69 Friendly Mission, pp. 451–55.
70 Friendly Mission, pp. 456–57.
71 Friendly Mission, p. 457.
72 Friendly Mission, p. 495.
73 Friendly Mission, p. 461.
74 CSO1/1/320, pp. 441–45.
75 Friendly Mission, pp. 459, 461.
76 For instance: Hobart Town Courier, 12 April 1828, p. 3.
77 Friendly Mission, pp. 462–63.
78 Friendly Mission, p. 517.
79 Launceston Advertiser, 12 October 1831, p. 318.
80 CSO41/1/2, pp. 73–74.
81 CSO41/1/2, pp. 82–83.
82 CSO41/1/2, p. 84.
Chapter Twenty-one – Ending the Vandemonian War
1 CSO1/1/320, pp. 199–201.
2 Friendly Mission, pp. 520–21.
3 CSO1/1/320, pp. 456–59.
4 Government Notice 235, 30 November 1831.
5 Launceston Advertiser, 23 November 1831, p. 365.
6 Colonial Times, 26 October 1831, pp. 2, 4.
7 Colonial Times, 26 October 1831, pp. 2, 4; Colonial Times, 23 November 1831, p. 3; Colonial Times, 28 December 1831, p. 3.
8 The Colonist and Van Diemen’s Land Commercial and Agricultural Advertiser, 28 December 1832, pp. 2–3.
9 Colonial Times, 26 October 1831, p. 4.
10 For more on Story’s involvement in supplying military and paramilitary operations, see Nicholas Dean Brodie, ‘Quaker Dreaming: The “Lost” Cotton Archive and the Aborigines of Van Diemen’s Land’, Journal of Religious History 30(3), 2016, pp. 303–25.
11 CSO41/1/2, pp. 85–87.
12 Hobart Town Courier, 26 November 1831, p. 2
13 Hobart Town Courier, 29 October 1831, p. 2; Launceston Advertiser, 2 November 1831, p. 341; Hobart Town Courier, 5 November 1831, p. 2.
14 Colonial Times, 28 December 1831, p. 3.
15 CSO1/1/320, pp. 201–09.
16 CSO1/1/320, pp. 134–35.
17 CSO1/1/320, pp. 483–86.
18 CSO1/1/320, pp. 136–37.
19 CSO1/1/320, pp. 214–17.
20 CSO1/1/320, p. 218.
21 For more about the situation in the northwest and concerning the Van Diemen’s Land Company, see Ian McFarlane, Beyond Awakening: The Aboriginal Tribes of North West Tasmania, A History (Launceston: Fullers, 2008).
22 CSO1/1/320, pp. 460–63.
23 CSO1/1/320, pp. 138–40.
24 Friendly Mission, pp. 601–04.
25 Hobart Town Courier, 14 January 1832, p. 2.
26 CSO1/1/320, pp. 255–60.
27 See Nicholas Dean Brodie, ‘“The Last Man Left to Tell the Tale”: Challenging the Conciliation Master Narrative in Van Diemen’s Land’, Australian Historical Studies 48(1), 2017, pp. 87–103.
28 Launceston Advertiser, 14 December 1842, p. 4.
29 University of Tasmania Library Special and Rare Collections, RS131(1), pp. 2–3.
30 Launceston Examiner, 20 January 1844, p. 3.
Afterword
1 CSO1/1/320, pp. 392–95.
2 State Library of New South Wales, A 614, titled ‘Aborigines of Van Diemen’s Land, 1830–1840’. See N. J. B. Plomley (ed.), Jorgen Jorgenson and the Aborigines of Van Diemen’s Land (Hobart: Blubber Head Press, 1991) for a transcript.
3 Nicholas Dean Brodie, ‘From “Miss Dalrymple” to “Daring Dolly”: A Life of Two Historiographical Episodes’, Aboriginal History 38, 2014, pp. 89–107.
4 Mrs Charles [Louisa Anne] Meredith, My Home in Tasmania, During a Residence of Nine Years (London: John Murray, 1852), pp. 188–218.
5 Nicholas Dean Brodie, ‘Quaker Dreaming: The “Lost” Cotton Archive and the Aborigines of Van Diemen’s Land’, Journal of Religious History 30(3), 2016, pp. 303–25.
6 University of Tasmania Library Special and Rare Collections, W7/24(1), J. Bonwick to G. W. Walker, 22 March 1856.
7 James Bonwick, The Lost Tasmanian Race (London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington, 1884), preface.
8 As noted above, see Tom Lawson’s The Last Man: A British Genocide in Tasmania (London: I. B. Taurus, 2014) for an excellent discussion of this.