Novikov was Commander in Chief of the Soviet Air Force (VVS) from 1942 until 1946. After serving as Chief of Staff to Leningrad VVS from 19381940 and as Chief of Staff of VVS on the Karelian Front during the Russo-Finnish War, Novikov became Commander in Chief and undertook the major reorganization of the Air Force following serious defeats by the Luftwaffe. During the war Novikov attended most Stavka meetings and was in charge of all air operations at the Battles of Stalingrad, Kursk, Belorussia and Konigsberg and in the 1945 operations against the Kwantung Army in Manchuria. In 1946 he was dismissed from his post and possibly imprisoned.