Appendix 2: Timeline – The Life of Sir Winston Churchill

1874

April: Randolph Churchill marries Jenny Jerome in Paris.

November: Winston Churchill is born.

1880

February: Brother John (‘Jack’) Churchill is born.

1886

August: Randolph Churchill is appointed as Chancellor of the Exchequer.

December: Randolph Churchill resigns.

1888

April: Churchill is accepted at Harrow public school.

1894

December: Churchill qualifies at Sandhurst.

1895

January: Randolph Churchill dies.

February: Churchill joins the 4th Queen’s Own Hussars.

November–December: Churchill travels to the US and then the Cuban War.

1896

October: Churchill is posted to Bangalore, India.

1897

July–August: Churchill joins a military expedition to the NW Frontier Province.

1898

Churchill travels to the Sudan and participates in the Battle of Omdurman; he also publishes his first book: The Story of the Malakand Field Force.

1899

May: Churchill resigns from the army.

July: He fights and loses the Oldham by-election for the Conservative Party.

October: He leaves Britain as a journalist, to cover the second Boer War.

November: Churchill is captured by the Boers and subsequently escapes.

1900

January–February: Churchill joins Sir Redvers Buller’s expedition to Ladysmith and Pretoria.

October: the ‘Khaki’ election is won by the Conservatives; Churchill wins the seat of Oldham.

1901

February: maiden speech in the House of Commons.

1904

May: Churchill ‘crosses the floor’ to join the Liberal Party; he also meets Clementine Hozier at a dance.

1905

Campbell-Bannerman forms a minority Liberal government.

1906

February: General election, won by the Liberals; Churchill wins Manchester Northwest for the Liberal Party. He is appointed Under Secretary of State for the Colonies.

1908

April: Churchill is appointed to the Cabinet as President of the Board of Trade; he loses the subsequent by-election in Manchester Northwest; he wins a by-election in Dundee.

March: Churchill meets Clementine Hozier for the second time. They are married in September.

1909

July: Daughter Diana is born.

1910

Two general elections are held, prompted by a constitutional crisis concerning the House of Lords. Hung parliaments result and Liberal minority governments are formed under Asquith.

February: Churchill becomes Home Secretary.

1911

May: Son Randolph is born.

October: Churchill becomes First Lord of the Admiralty.

1914

August: Beginning of the First World War.

October: Churchill witnesses the unsuccessful defence of Antwerp by naval infantry. His second daughter Sarah is born.

1915

April: The Gallipoli campaign begins.

May: A Conservative-Liberal coalition is formed. Churchill is demoted to Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster.

1916

January–May: Churchill serves on the Western Front.

December: Lloyd George becomes Prime Minister.

1917

July: Churchill is appointed Minister of Munitions.

1918

November: End of First World War; Marigold, Churchill’s fourth child, is born.

December: General election – the Liberal-Conservative coalition remains in office. Churchill becomes Minister for War and Minister for the Air.

1920

March: The ‘Black and Tans’ deployed in Ireland.

June: Churchill chairs the Cabinet’s Irish Committee.

1921

February: Appointed Secretary of State for the Colonies.

June: Churchill’s mother dies.

August: Daughter Marigold dies.

December: The Anglo-Irish Treaty is signed.

1922

September: Mary Churchill – their fifth child – is born.

November: General election; the Conservatives win under Andrew Bonar Law. Law later resigns in favour of Stanley Baldwin. Churchill loses his parliamentary seat.

The family move to Chartwell.

1923

December: General election; a Conservative minority government results; Churchill stands as a ‘Free Trade Liberal’ – but again, loses.

1924

March: Churchill fights and loses another by-election.

October: General election, won by Stanley Baldwin’s Conservative Party. Churchill wins his Epping seat for the first time – effectively as a Conservative. He is appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer.

1925

Churchill takes Britain back on to the Gold Standard.

1926

May: General Strike.

1929

May: General election – Ramsay MacDonald forms a minority Labour government.

July–November: Churchill travels across Canada and the USA by train.

October: The Wall Street Crash.

1931

October: General election – Ramsay MacDonald forms a National government (coalition).

Churchill publishes the final volume of his History of the First World War.

1935

November: General election – the National government re-elected under Baldwin, a Conservative.

1936

December: The abdication crisis.

1937

May: Neville Chamberlain takes over from Baldwin as Prime Minister.

1938

The final volume of Churchill’s biography of the Duke of Marlborough is published.

September: The Munich Crisis.

1939

March: Germany invades the remainder of Czechoslovakia.

September: Britain and France declare war on Germany.

1940

April: The Norwegian Campaign.

May: Hitler invades the Low Countries; Churchill is appointed Prime Minister.

June: British Forces are evacuated from Dunkirk, France.

August–September: The Battle of Britain.

1941

March: Lend-Lease agreement between Britain and the USA takes effect.

May: Britain is defeated in Greece.

June: Germany invades Russia.

December: Japan attacks the USA at Pearl Harbor.

1942

February: The fall of Singapore.

June: The fall of Tobruk.

1943

January: The Casablanca Conference.

August: The Quebec Conference.

September: The fall of Mussolini and peace with Italy.

November: The Cairo Conference; the Tehran Conference.

1944

June: The Allied invasion of France.

September: The Second Quebec Conference.

1945

February: The Yalta Conference.

May: Germany is defeated; Churchill forms a Conservative caretaker government; an election is called.

July: Churchill loses the 1945 election to Attlee’s Labour Party.

July–August: The Potsdam Conference.

September: Japan surrenders.

1946

March: Churchill gives the Iron Curtain speech at Fulton, Missouri.

1947

February: Churchill’s brother Jack dies.

1950

February: General election – Labour win by a slim majority.

June: The Korean War begins; Attlee’s government sends troops.

1951

October: General election – Churchill is returned to office with a slim majority.

1953

Churchill is awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.

June: Churchill has a serious stroke, which is covered up by his colleagues.

1954

The final volume of the History of the Second World War is published.

1955

April: Churchill resigns the premiership; Eden becomes Prime Minister.

May: General election – Eden increases the Conservative majority.

1956

November: Suez Crisis.

1957

January: Eden resigns and retires; Macmillan becomes Prime Minister.

1958

The final volume of History of the English-Speaking Peoples is published.

1959

October: General election – the Conservatives win under Macmillan.

1963

October: Churchill’s daughter Diana commits suicide.

1964

October: General election – Labour wins under Wilson; Churchill finally retires from Parliament.

1965

Churchill dies following a stroke.

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