Common section

APPENDIX

HISTORICAL COMPENDIUM

Part VII

The International Brigades in Spain, 1936–9

Formed

No.

Name

Battalions

Principal initial composition

Oct. 1936

XI

Hans Belmler (later Thaelmann)

1 Edgar André
2 Commune de Paris (later transferred to IB XIV)
3 Dombrowsky (transferred to IB XII)

German

Franco-Belgian Polish

Nov. 1936

XII

Garibaldi

1 Thaelmann (transferred to IB XI)
2 Garibaldi
3 André Marty

German
Italian
Franco-Belgian

Dec. 1936

XIII

–

1 Louise Michel (transferred to IB XIV)
2 Chapiaer (transferred to IB 129)
3 Henri Vuillemin (transferred to IB XIV)
4 Mickiewicz (Palafox)

Franco-Belgian
Balkan
French

Dec. 1936

XIV

Marseillaise

1 Nine Nations Battalion (transferred to IB XI.2)
2 Domingo Germinal
3 Henri Barbusse
4 Pierre Brachet


Spanish Anarchist
French
French

Dec.1937

XV

Lincoln-Washington

1 Dimitrov (transferred to IB 129)
2 British
3 Lincoln, Washington
4 Sixth of February (transferred to IB XIV)


British
USA
French

June/July 1937

‘150’

‘129’

–

–

1 Rakosi
2 – (transferred to IB XIII)

1 Masaryk
2 Dajakovich
3 Dimitrov

Hungarian

Czechoslovak
Bulgarian
Yugoslav/Albanian

 

–(attached to the 86th Brigade)

 

Col. Morandi Battalion

Mixed

The Waffen-SS Divisions, 1933–45

Number

Designation

Name

Formation

Recruitment

I

SS-PD

Lelbstandarte Adolf Hitler

1933–

SS Panzer Regt. 1

II

SS-PD

Das Reich (initially Deutschland)

1939

SS Verfügungsgruppe (Special task force)

III

SS-PD

Totenkopf

1939

Totenkopfverbände (KL guards); Politische Bereitschafte (Political Readiness Group)

IV

SS-PgD

Polizei

1939

Militarized Police

V

SS-PD*

Wiking (initially Germania)

1940

Nordland Regt. (Danes and Norwegians); Westland Regt. (Flemings/Dutch; Finnish Battalion)

VI

SS-GbD**

Nord

1941

Kampfgruppe ‘Nord’

VII

SS-FGbD**

Prinz Eugen

1942

Balkan Volksdeutsche recruits

VIII

SS-KD

Florian Geyer

1941

SS Totenkopf Reitenstandarte

1X

SS-PD

Hohenstaufen

1942

German conscripts

X

SS-PD

Frundsberg

1943

German conscripts

XI

SS-FPgD*

Nordland

1943

Norwegian and Danish Legions; SS Wiking

XII

SS-PD

Hitlerjugend

1943

17-year-old Hitler Youth volunteers

XIII

WGbD der SS*

Handschar

1943

Bosnian Muslims

XIV

WGD der SS*

Galizien (Ukralnische 1)

1943

West Ukrainians

XV

WGD der SS*

(Lettische No.1)

1943

Latvian Legion

XVI

SS-PgD

Relchsführer-SS

1943

SS Escort Battalion

XVII

SS-PgD

Götz von Berchlingen

1943

Wehrmacht (France)

XVIII

SS-PgD**

Horst Wessel

1944

Hungarian Volksdeutsche +

XIX

WGD der SS*

(Lettische No. 2)

1944

Latvian Legion

XX

WGD der SS*

(Estnische No. 1)

1943

Estonian Legion

XXI

WGbD der SS*†

Skanderbeg

1944

Albanian Muslims

XXII

FKD der SS**

Maria Theresa

1944

Hungarian Volksdeutsche + Veterans of SS-VIII

XXIII

WGbD der SS*†

Kama (Kroatische No. 2) (disbanded)

1943

Croatians and Bosnian Muslims

XXIII

FPgD der SS*

Niederiand/Nederland

1944

Dutch Legion

XXIV

WGbDt

Karstjäger

1943

Karstwehr Security Battalion (Italy)

XXV

WGD der SS*†

Hunyadl (Ungarische No.1)

1944

Hungarians

XXVI

WGD der SS*†

(Ungarische No. 2)

1944

Hungarians

XXVII

SS-FGD*†

Langemarck (Vlanderen 1)

1944

Flemish Legion

XXVIII

SS-FGD*†

Walloien

1944

Walloon Legion

XXIX

SS-FGD*

(Russische No. 1) (disbanded)

1944

Kaminski Brigade; ex-Soviet POWs

XXIX

WGD der SS*†

(Italienische No.1)

1945

Ex-Italian Army

XXX

WGD der SS*

(Russische No. 2)

1944

Ex-Soviet POWs

XXXI

SS-FPgD**†

Böhmen-Mähren

1944

Bohemia and Moravia

XXXII

SS-FPgD*

30 Januar

1945

Courland

XXXIII

WKD der SS*†

(Ungarische No. 3) (disbanded)

1944

Hungarians

XXXIII

WGD der SS*

Charlemagne (Französische No. 1)

1944

Lègion Volontaire Française

XXXIV

SS-FGD*†

Landstorm Nederlands

1944

Dutch volunteers

XXXV

SS-GD†

Polizei(No.2)

1944

(As SS-IV)

XXXVI

WGD der SS

—

1944

Dirlewanger Brigade

XXXVII

SS-FKD†

Lützow

1944

XXXVIII

SS-GD†

Nibelungen

1945

Bad Tölz Cadet School

XXXIX

GbD der SS†

Andreas Hofer

1945

formation incomplete

XL

SS-FPgD†

Feldhermhalle

1945

formation incomplete

XLI

WGD der SS

Kalevala (Finnische No. 1)

1945

formation incomplete

XLII

SS-D†

Niedersachsen

1945

formation incomplete

XLIII

SS-D†

Reichsmarschall

1945

formation incomplete

XLIV

SS-D†

Wallenstein

1945

formation incomplete

XLV

SS-D†

Warager

1945

formation incomplete

Miscellaneous SS Units: 

Abbreviations: SS: Schutzstaffeln; PD: Panzer Division; PgD: Panzergrenadier Division; GbD: Geblrgs (Mountain) Division; KD: Kavallerie (Cavalry) Division; F: Freiwillinge (Volunteer); WGD: Waffen Grenadler Division; WGbD: Waffen Gebirgs Division.

Source: A. J. Barker, The Waffen–SS at War (London, 1982), app.: ‘SS Divisions, 1940–5; 121–2; B Quarrie, Hitler’s Samurai: The Waffen–SS in Action (London, 1983), ch. 2, ‘The Growth of the Waffen–SS’; G.H. Stein, The Waffen–SS: Hitler’s Hitler’s Elite Guard at War, 1939–1945 (Itheca, NY, 1966)

Europe’s Estimated Death Toll, 1914–45

1 Military losses during the First World War
(by states, killed in action or dead of wounds) (not including USA)

Allied Powers

Russian Empire

1700000

France

1357800

Britain & Empire

908371

Italy

650000

Romania

325706

Serbia

70000

Belgium

13716

Portugal

7222

Greece

5000

Montenegro

3000

sub-total

5040815

Central Powers

Germany

1773700

Austria-Hungary

1200000

Turkey

325000

Bulgaria

87500

sub-total

3388200

Total (estimate)

8427015

2 Military losses during the Second World War
(by states, killed in action or dead of wounds) (not including USA)

Allied Powers

Soviet Union ‘

*8–9000000

Yugoslavia

305000

Britain

264443

France

213324

Poland

123178

Greece

88300

Belgium

12000

Czechoslovakia

10000

Netherlands

7900

Norway

3000

Denmark

1800

sub-total

10026945

Axis Powers

Germany

3500000

Romania

300000

Italy

242232

Hungary

200000

Finland

82000

Bulgaria

10000

sub-total

4335232

Total (estimate)

14362177

3 Civilians killed during the Second World War
(by states)

 

minimum

maximum

Allied Powers

Soviet Union

**16000000

19000000

Poland

***5675000

7000000

Yugoslavia

1200000

 

France

350000

 

Greece

325000

 

Czechoslovakia

215000

 

Netherlands

200000

 

Britain

92673

 

Belgium

76000

 

Norway

7000

 

Denmark

2000

 

Axis Powers

Germany

780000

 

Hungary

290000

 

Romania

200000

 

Italy

152941

 

Bulgaria

10000

 

Finland

2000

 

Total (estimate)

27077614

 

4 The Holocaust: the genocide of Jews by the Nazis, 1939–45
(by states of origin, minimum and maximum estimates)

 

minimum

maximum

Poland

2350000

3000000

Soviet Union

1500000

2000000

Germany & Austria

218000

240000

Hungary

200000

300000

Romania

200000

300000

Netherlands

104000

110000

Czechoslovakia

90000

55 000

France

60000

65000

Greece

57000

60000

Yugoslavia

55000

60000

Belgium

25000

28000

Italy

8500

9500

Luxembourg

2800

3000

Norway

700

1000

Denmark

less than 100

 

Totals (estimate)

4871000

6271500

average

c.5 571300

5 Categories of people killed in Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union 1917–1953 (excluding war losses, 1939–45)
(after R. Medvedev, R. Conquest)

 

minimum

maximum

Civil War & Volga Famine, 1918–22

3000000

5000000

Political repressions In the 1920s

tens of thousands

 

Forced collectivization and ‘dekulakization’ after 1929

10000000

14000000

Ukrainian Terror-Famine, 1932–3

6000000

7000000

Great Terror (1934–9) and Purges

1000000

 

Deportations to the Gulag, to 1937

10000000

 

Shootings and random executions, 1937–9

1000000

 

Deportations from Eastern Poland, Baltic States, and Romania, 1939–1940

2000000

 

Foreign POWs: Poles, Finns, Germans, Romanians, Japanese

1000000

 

Deportations to the Gulag, 1939–45

7000000

 

Deportations of nationalities: Volga Germans, Chechens, Ingush, Crimean Tatars, etc.

1000000

 

Post-war screening of repatriates and inhabitants of ex-occupied territory

5000000

6000000

Gross total (median estimate)

c.54 million

NB. Several of these categories overlap.

image

The Gulag Archipelago: Soviet Concentration Camps and KGB prisons (after Avraham Shifrin,c 1980)

(a) In Arctic Russia; (b) In the European part of the USSR

The Baltic Countries, 1993

Europe, 1992: Assorted Statistics

Country

Territory (sq. miles)

Population

Density

(per sq.m.)

Population (m.)

GDP ($ bn.)

European Union

Belgium

11,781

851

10.025

218.7

Denmark

16,629

311

5.17

142.1

France

211,207

272

57.372

1324.9

Germany

137,352

587

80.569

1775.1

Greece

50,944

202

10.3

79.2

Ireland

27,136

131

3.547

48.8

Italy

116,303

497

57.782

1223.6

Luxembourg

908

374

.340

10.4

Netherlands

15,963

951

15.178

320.4

Portugal

35,553

277

9.846

83.9

Spain

194,884

175

34.085

573.7

UK

94,226

614

57.848

1040.5

Europaan Free Trade Area

Austria

32,374

244

7.884

184.7

Finland

130,119

39

5.042

109.6

Iceland

102,819

3

.260

6.6

Norway

125,181

34

4.286

113.1

Sweden

173,648

50

8.678

245.8

Switzerland

15,941

433

6.905

240.5

Ex-Soviet Bloc

Czech Rep.

30,343

342

10.383

25.3

Hungary

35,969

284

10.202

30.7

Poland

120,725

318

38.365

75.3

Slovakia

18,917

283

5.346

10.2

Albania

11,101

301

3.338

1.0

Bulgaria

42,823

209

8.952

11.9

Romania

91,699

249

22.865

24.9

Cyprus

3,578

200

.715

7.1

Malta

122

2,950

.360

2.6

Ex-Yugoslavia

Bosnia

19,741

221

4.366

 

Croatia

21,824

219

4.784

8.6

Macedonia

9,928

205

2.039

5.06

Montenegro

5,332

120

.639

 

Serbia

34,107

287

9.792

 

Slovenia

7,817

258

2.017

14.4

(Yugoslavia, to 1991)

(98,766)

(239)

 

 

Ex-USSR

Belarus'

80,150

129

10.346

32.2

Estonia

17,413

89

1.554

5.9

Latvia

24,500

107

2.617

8.9

Lithuania

25,174

149

3.754

10.1

Moldavia

13,000

335

4.359

9.5

Russia

6.591m.

23

148.920

479.5

(in Europe)

c.1.3m.

921

1201

 

Ukraine

232,046

225

52.1

121.9

EUROPE: TOTAL

3,639,001 sq.m.l

C.190

694.011

8626.6#

EU

912,886

375

342.062

6841.3

USA

3,618,770

70

252.18

5689.2

Japan

142,811

871

124.45

3707.9

 

GDP ($per capita)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

Higher education (% pupils/population 20–4 aged)

Medical care (people per physician)

21,815

18,170

37

321

27,485

17,768

32

448

23,093

18.665

40

421

22,032

16.310

33

710

7,689

8,417

29

340

13,758

12,427

26

410

21,176

17.521

31

552

30,588

24.771

33

496

21,110

17,023

34

444

8,521

9,736

18

575

16,831

14,731

34

360

17,987

16,300

25

870

23,427

18,005

33

333

21,737

15,025

47

322

25,385

17,067

25

960

26,388

17,785

43

503

28,324

16,496

33

355

34,830

22,159

28

1,441

2,437

6.923

18

389

3,009

5,297

15

740

1,963

4,081

22

416

1,908

5,224

18

389

229

—

7

2.070

1,329

4.770

31

340

1,089

2.307

9

n.a.

9,930

—

15

754

7,222

—

11

500

 

 

 

636

1,800

 

 

471

2,481

 

 

463

 

 

 

493

7,150

8,098

 

512

3,110

 

 

250

3,830

 

 

204

3,410

 

 

195

2,710

 

 

222

2,170

 

 

249

3,220

 

 

214

2,340

 

 

229

11,9331#

 

 

 

20,000

I = estimate

# includes the whole of the Russian Federation

22,560

Sources OECD Main Economic Indicators, December 1993; IMF IFS,

29,794

December 1993; DOTS 1993 Yearbook, World Bank Atlas, 1994

Parliamentary Assemblies

Parliamentary Assemblies

(a) British House of Commons(Westminster)

Parliamentary Assemblies

(b) British House of Lords(Westminster)

Parliamentary Assemblies

(c) Supreme Soviet(Moscow)

Parliamentary Assemblies

Political Groups in the European Parliament (Strasbourg, 1994) (after N. Nugent)

Europe 1995: Membership of Five International Organizations*

 

C of E1

NATO2

WEU3

EU4

CSCE5

Founded

1949–50

1949

1954

1957

1975

Function

Co-operation in legal and cultural affairs and human rights

Defence

European Defence

Economic, social, and political integration

Confidence-building measures

HQ

Strasbourg

Brussels

Brussels

Brussels

Prague

Total membership (1995)

33

16

10

15

53

Albania

G

PfP

 

 

CSCE

Andorra

C of E

 

 

STr

 

Armenia

 

PfP

 

 

CSCE

Austria

C of E

 

 

EU

CSCE

Belarus

G

PfP

 

 

CSCE

Belgium

C of E

NATO

WEU

EU

CSCE

Bosnia

G

 

 

 

 

Bulgaria

C of E

PfP

A

A

CSCE

Croatia

G

 

 

 

CSCE

Cyprus

C of E

 

 

A

CSCE

Czech Republic

C of E

PfP

A

A

CSCE

Denmark

C of E

NATO

Ob

EU

CSCE

Estonia

C of E

 

A

A

CSCE

Finland

C of E

PfP

Ob

EU

CSCE

France

C of E

NATO

WEU

EU

CSCE

Georgia

 

PfP

 

 

CSCE

Germany

C of E

NATO

WEU

EU

CSCE

Greece

C of E

NATO

WEU

EU

CSCE

Hungary

C of E

PfP

A

A

CSCE

Iceland

C of E

NATO

 

EEA

CSCE

Ireland

C of E

 

Ob

EU

CSCE

Italy

C of E

NATO

WEU

EU

CSCE

Latvia

G

PfP

A

A

CSCE

Lithuania

C of E

PfP

A

A

CSCE

Luxembourg

C of E

NATO

WEU

EU

CSCE

Macedonia

G

 

 

 

Ob

Malta

C of E

 

 

A

CSCE

Moldova

G

PfP

 

 

CSCE

Monaco

 

 

 

STr

CSCE

Netherlands

C of E

NATO

WEU

EU

CSCE

Norway

C of E

NATO

 

EEA

CSCE

Poland

C of E

PfP

A

A

CSCE

Portugal

C of E

NATO

WEU

EU

CSCE

Romania

C of E

PfP

A

A

CSCE

Russia

G

PfP

 

 

CSCE

San Marino

C of E

 

 

STr

CSCE

Slovakia

C of E

PfP

A

A

CSCE

Slovenia

C of E

PfP

 

A

CSCE

Spain

C of E

NATO

WEU

EU

CSCE

Sweden

C of E

PfP

Ob

EU

CSCE

Switzerland

C of E

 

 

STr

CSCE

Turkey

C of E

NATO

 

 

CSCE

Ukraine

G

PfP

 

 

CSCE

United Kingdom

C of E

NATO

WEU

EU

CSCE

Vatican State

 

 

 

 

CSCE

Yugoslav Federation (Serbia 4 Montenegro)

 

 

 

 

Suspended

Canada

 

NATO

 

 

 

USA

 

NATO

 

 

 

Key

C of E = Full member; A = Associate status; G = Guest member; EEA = Member of European Economic Area only; PfP = Member of Partnership for Peace; Ob = Observer status; STr = Special Treaty status

* Crowned Emperors [ ] = anti-Emperors, or unconfirmed electees

* University founded from an older institution (dates) in brackets indicate refoundations.

* crowned King;

** also King of Poland

* States which lost all but nominal sovereignty for a period under Soviet domination.

† Legion of St George (1940), British volunteers; SS-Fallschirmjäger (SS Parachute Brigade (penal); SS-Panzer Abteilung ‘Hermann von Salza’; Begleit Battalion-Reichsführer (SS escort battalion); Wachtbattalion-Adolf Hitler (Führer’s bodyguard).

* Units composed mainly of non-German troops.

** Units composed mainly or partly of East European Volksdeutsch troops.

+ Units always below divisional strength. NB. Designations were prefixed either with ‘SS-’ (for units fully integrated into all the SS organizations) or with ‘der SS’ (for non-integrated units).

* This lours includes 3–4 million Soviet POWi killed doling Nazi captivity or on repatriation

** This huge number, which ls bated on pott-war demographic short-falls, not on recorded deaths, concealt several categories listed in Table 5. It is only partly attributable to the German Occupation. It also ignores the breakdown by nationality, never officially disclosed, where the heaviest losses were sustained by Ukrainians, Byelorussians, Russians, Poles, Baits, and Jews.

*** The lower figure does not allow for Polish citizens obliged to adopt Soviet citizenship in 1939.

* Source: Independent, 5.12.94

1 Council of Europe (including Court of Human Rights)

2 North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

3 Western European Union

4 European Union (formerly European Economic Community) including the European Court

5 Conference on Security and co-oneration in Europe

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