The US decision to drop an atomic bomb on Hiroshima remains one of the most controversial events of the twentieth century. But as this fascinating new history shows, the bomb dropped by an American pilot that hot August morning was in many ways the world's bomb, in both a technological and a moral sense. And it was the world that would have to face its consequences, strategically, diplomatically, and culturally, in the years ahead. In this fast-paced and insightful narrative, Andrew J. Rotter tells the international story behind the development of the atom bomb, ranging from the global crises that led to the Second World War to the largely unavailing attempts to control the spread of nuclear weapons and the evolution of the nuclear arms race after the war had ended. He details the growth in the 1930s and '40s of a world-wide community of scientists dedicated to developing a weapon that could undo the evil in Nazi Germany, and he describes the harnessing of their efforts by the US wartime government. Rotter also sheds light on the political and strategic decisions that led to the bombing itself, the impact of the bomb on Hiroshima and the endgame of the Pacific War, the effects of the bombing and the bomb on society and culture, and the state of all things nuclear in the early 21st-century world.
Introduction: The World’s Bomb
Chapter 1: Dissecting the atom
Chapter 2: The republic of science
Chapter 3: The republic threatened: the advent of poisonous gas
Chapter 4: The ethics of battlefield gas
Chapter 5: Scientists and states: the Soviet Union and the United States
Chapter 6: The ethical obligations of scientists
Chapter 1: Hitler’s gifts, Britain’s scientists
Chapter 2: The advent of air power
Chapter 3: War again, and the new doctrine of air bombardment
Chapter 4: The discovery of nuclear fission, and the bomb reimagined
Chapter 2: The Germans advance
Chapter 3: Japan’s nuclear projects
Chapter 4: Germany’s nuclear projects
Chapter 5: The Americans and British move forward
Chapter 1: The MAUD Committee and the Americans
Chapter 2: The Americans get serious
Chapter 4: Resolving to build and use the bomb
Chapter 7: Centralizing the project
Chapter 8: Fissions: uranium and plutonium
Chapter 9: Life and work on ‘The Hill’
Chapter 10: A different sort of weapon
Chapter 1: The progress of the war against Germany
Chapter 2: The allies and the strategic bombing of Germany
Chapter 3: The war in the Pacific
Chapter 4: The bombing of Japan
Chapter 5: The firebombings and the atomic bombs
Chapter 7: The dismissal of doubt
Chapter 8: To Alamogordo, July 1945
Chapter 10: Why the bombs were dropped
Chapter 11: Alternatives to the atomic bombs, and moral objections to attacking civilians
Chapter 12: The threshold of horror: Poison gas
Chapter 2: Preparing to fight the invaders
Chapter 3: Preparing to drop Little Boy
Chapter 7: Patterns of response
Chapter 8: The shock waves from the bomb
Chapter 9: Soviet entry and the bombing of Nagasaki
Chapter 10: The Big Six debates
Chapter 11: Explaining Japan’s surrender
Chapter 12: Assessing the damage in Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Chapter 13: ‘Nothing, Nothing’: Memories of Hiroshima
Chapter 1: The American response
Chapter 2: The early Soviet nuclear program
Chapter 3: The Soviets’ atomic spies
Chapter 4: Stalin decides to build the bomb
Chapter 5: The bomb and the onset of the Cold War
Chapter 6: Call/response: Developing the ‘super’
Chapter 7: The arms race and nuclear diversity
Chapter 8: The limits of atomic weapons: The Cuban missile crisis
Chapter 2: The French atomic bomb
Chapter 3: Israel: Security and status
Chapter 4: South Africa: To the nuclear brink and back
Chapter 5: China: The people’s bomb
Chapter 6: India: Status, religion, and masculinity
Chapter 7: The critics of nuclear weapons
Epilogue: Nightmares and Hopes